LOKRAJYA-MARATHI-FEB 2013.pdf - माहिती व जनसंपर्क ...

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OÞ‘eVmäXr dfª 1 Owb¢ 2012-30 OyZ 2013

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(‘m{hVr d OZg¨nHª$ ‘hmg¨MmbZmb`)g¨nHª$ : 022-22041585/22027956

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kmZ^mfoH$So> dmQ>MmbAm±

AmO OJâmV g¨JUH$mMs ^mfmhs kmZ^mfmm Ago _mZbo OmVo.g¨JUH$mMo kmZ Zgbobm [Zajag_Obm OmVmo. `mÒïQ>sZo gdªg¨JUH$s` í`dhma `w[ZH$moS>á_m[UV H$ë$Z d g¨JUH$mMo_amR>sH$aU H$ë$Z _hmamïQμ>emgZmZo _amR>sbm kmZ^mfm~Z[dË`mMm M¨J ~mŸbm AmhoAm[U Amæhs Ì`mV Mm¨JboM è[_idbo Amho. "bmoH$amÂ`'Á`mdmMH$m¨gmR>r gm¨JV AmhoV‘w¼`‘¨Ír n¦ÐdramO MíhmU.

7’o$~¬wdmar 2013

~¬wdmar _[hÞ`mV 27 VmaIobmAmnU gdªOU _amR>s ^mfm[Xdg [d[dY CnH¬$_m¨Á`m

_mÝ`_mVyZ gmOam H$arV AgVmZm,bmoH$amÂ`Á`m dmMH$m¨Zm _s _amR>s ^mfm[XdgmÁ`m _ZmnmgyZ ewôÁN>m XoVmo.

_amR>s ^mfm hs ámMsZ, g_¦Ö Am[UJm¢adembs na¨nam Agbobs ^mfm Amho.gmVdmhZ, amïQμ>Hw$Q> Am[U AZoH$ _amR>samOm¨Zs _amR>s ^mfobm amÂ`^mfoMm XOmª [Xbm.B[VhmgH$mam¨Zs Ho$boì`m gëmoYZ Am[UAå`mgmZwgma XmoZ Vo AS>sM hOmadfm«nydunmgyZ _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m A{òVÌdmÁ`mIwUm AmT>iyZ òVmV. `m AS>sM hOma dfm«Á`mdmQ>MmbsV AZoH$ g¨Vm¨Zs, gm[h{Ì`H$m¨Zs,H$bmd¨Vm¨Zs, gëmoYH$m¨Zs Am[U X¢Z¨[XZí`dhmamV _amR>s ~mobUmé`m, [b[hUmé`m,dmMUmé`m Amnì`mgma¼`m gdªgm_mÞ`_mUgm¨Zshs _amR>s ^mfm g_¦Ö H$aË`mV_mobmM¨ `moJXmZ [Xb¨ Amho.

_hmZw^dm¨Zs _amR>s ^mfobm AmnbsY_ª^mfm _mZbs. g¨V kmZoüdam¨Zs, _m[P`m_éhmQ>s[M ~mobw H$dVwHo$& nar A_¦VmVohs n¢Om[O©Ho$&& Aem eäXm¨V _amR>s ^mfoMm _moRo>nUmgm¨[JVbm. H$[dd`ª Hw$gw_mJ¬Om¨Zs, [hMo nwÍAmæhs [hMo nm¨J \o$Sy>& dgo Am_wÁ`m _mÍ÷X`_¨[Xar&& OJÞ_mÞ`Vm hsg Anyª áVmno&[hbm ~¢gdy d¢^dmÁ`m [ear&& Ag¨ gm¨JyZ_amR>sbm d¢^dmÁ`m [eIamda ZoË`mMÄmdmhZ Ho$b¨. H$[dd`ª gwaoe ^Q>m¨Zs, bm^boAmæhmg ^m¾` ~mobVmo _amR>s& Omhbmo IaoMYÞ` EoH$Vmo _amR>s&& Y_ª, n¨W, OmV EH$OmUVmo _amR>s& EdT>èm OJmV _m` _mZVmo_amR>s&& Ag¨ æhUV _amR>s AgU¨ ho [H$Vs^m¾`mM¨ Amho Vo gm¨[JVb¨.

g¨V VwH$mam_ _hmamOm¨Zs Va _amR>s ^mfobmd¢^dmÁ`m [eIamda Zob¨. Ì`m¨Zs Amnì`mgm[hÌ`mVyZ "H$g¨ OJmd¨?' `mM¨ AmVmn`«VM¨gdm}ÌH¦$ïQ> _mJªXeªZ A[Ib _mZd OmVsbmHo$b¨ Amho. H$mimÁ`m AmoKmVhs AI¨S> Am[U[MaH$mb [Q>Hy$Z amhsb Aes gm[hÌ` [Z[_ªVsVwH$mam_ _hmamOm¨Zs _amR>s ^mfoV Ho$bs.

_amR>s ^mfo~Õb AmO H$mhs OUm¨Á`m_ZmV Þ`yZJ¨S> Amho. _amR>s ~mobVmZm Ì`m¨ZmH$_snUm dmQ>Vmo. na¨Vw, Â`m¨Zs g¨V

VwH$mam_m¨M¨ gm[hÌ` dmMb¨ Amho Am[U Ì`mgm[hÌ`mMm Aå`mg Ho$bm Amho, Ì`m¨Zm hmÞ`yZJ¨S> H$YsM òUma Zmhs.

_amR>s ^mfoMm [dH$mg gÝ`m [d[dY òVam¨daH$aË`mMm emgZmMm á`ÌZ Amho. ^mfm[dH$mgmÁ`m H$m`mªbm [ZYs H$_s nSy> Zò `mMsXjVm KoË`mV Ambs Amho. _amR>s ^mfmdmT>dm`Ms Am[U g_¦Ö H$am`Ms Agob VaBWì`m gm[hÌ`, H$bm Am[U gm¨òH¦$[VH$joÍmbm ámoÌgmhZ XoË`mMs JaO bjmV KoD$ZamÂ` emgZmZ¨ Zoh_sM `m joÍm¨Zm gdªVmonar_XV H$aË`mMs ^y[_H$m KoVbs Amho. gm[hÌ`,ZmQ>H$, [MÍnQ>, bmoH$H$bm¨Á`m [Z[_ªVsgmR>sH$moQ>èdYs ên`m¨M¨ ârd AZwXmZ emgZmV\}$XoË`mV òV Amho. H$bm Am[U H$bmd¨Vm¨Zm[d[dY _mÝ`_mVyZ _XV Ho$bs OmV Amho.`mMm Cn`moJ [Z{îMVM _amR>s ^mfoÁ`mg¨dYªZmgmR>s hmoV Amho.

_amR>s ^mfm hs í`dhmamMs Am[U kmZmMs^mfm ~Zì`m[edm` ^mfoÁ`m [dH$mgá[H¬$òbmJVs òUma Zmhs. OJâmV KS>Umé`m [d[dYKS>m_moS>s, [dkmZ-V¨ÍkmZmÁ`m joÍmV doJmZ¨hmoUma¨ gëmoYZ, g_mOmÁ`m [d[dY joÍmVbÄÛ`mdV kmZ VgoM `m ZdZdsZ joÍmVì`mVm¨[ÍH$ eäXm¨Zm n`mª`s _amR>s eäX AemAZoH$ JmoïQ>s _amR>s ^mfoV VmVS>sZ¨ CnbäYPmì`m nm[hOoV. _m[hVs-V¨ÍkmZmMm Cn`moJ_amR>sÁ`m [dH$mgmgmR>s á^mdsnUo H$ë$ZKoVbm nm[hOo.

B¨Q>aZoQ>dahs _amR>sMm dmna dmT>bmnm[hOo. í`dhmamV Zgbobs dòVy Oes hiy-hiy ~mX hmoVo, VmoM [Z`_ ^mfobmhs bmJynS>Vmo. Ì`m_wio _amR>s ^mfm OJdm`Ms Am[U

[VMm [dH$mg H$am`Mm Agob Va Amnì`mn¢H$sáÌòH$mZ¨ X¢Z¨[XZ í`dhmamV _amR>s ^mfoMmdmna Ho$bm nm[hOo. dmT>dbm nm[hOo. _amR>sAgU¨ [H©$dm _amR>s ^mfm ~mobU¨ hsA[^_mZmMs JmoïQ> Amho, ho AmnU gdm«ZsbjmV KoVb¨ nm[hOo.

_amR>sbm amÂ`^mfoMm XOmª `mnyduM[_imbm Amho. VmbwH$m Am[U [OìhmÞ`m`mb`m¨M¨ H$m_H$mO AmO _amR>sVyZ hmoVAmho. _amR>s gm[hÌ`, ZmQ>H$ Am[U [MÍnQ>joÍmV ZdZdsZ á`moJ hmoV AmhoV. XadfuhOmamo nwòVHo$ áH$m[eV hmoV AmhoV. XoemVgdmª[YH$ J¬¨Wmbò _hmamïQμ>mV AmhoV. _amR>sbmkmZ^mfm Am[U Þ`m`í`dhmamMs ^mfm~Z[dË`mg AmnU H$mhs Aës èòds PmbmoAmhmoV. _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m [dH$mgmgmR>s emgZmZ¨_amR>s mfm [d^mJ òWmnZ Ho$bm AgyZ Ì`mÁ`m_mÝ`_mVyZ [d[dY CnH¬$_m¨Ms A¨_b~OmdUsgwë$ Amho. _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m g_¦ÖsMs hs KmoS>Xm¢S>gwë$ Agbs Var, Amnì`mbm EdT>èmdaMg_mYmZs amhyZ MmbUma Zmhs. _amR>sbmA[ÔmV ^mfoMm XOmª [_idyZ XoU¨ hm XoIsb`mM dmQ>MmbsVsb EH$ _hÏdnyUª Q>ànm R>aUmaAmho. _amR>s ^mfoMm [dH$mg hm X¢Z¨[XZí`dhmamV _amR>sMm dmna dmT>[dì`mZoM eŠÀmho, Ì`m_wio AmnU gdm«Zs Amnbo X¢Z¨[XZí`dhma _amR>s ^mfoVM H$aË`mMm X¦T> g¨H$ìnH$amdm, Ag¨ _mP¨ Amnì`m gdm«Zm AmdmhZAmho.

eäXm¨H$Z … gÖ` Xoe‘wICn‘w¼`‘¨Î`m¨Mo OZg¨nHª$ A{YH$mar

g¨nHª$ … 9821368210rr

~mobmdo _amR>s...’o$ ^mfm ho Ho$di g¨dmXmM¨ _mÝ`_ ZgyZ Vo

g¨òH¦$Vs Am[U A{ò_VoM¨ áVrH$ AgVo. Amnbs_amR>s ^mfm hs Ho$di Amnbs amÂ`^mfm Zmhs,Va Amnb¨ gm¨òH¦$[VH$ d¢^d Am[U _hmamïQμ>s`_mUgmMm _mZ[~©Xy Amho. _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m[dH$mgmVM `m amÂ`mMm gdm«JsU [dH$mggm_mdbobm Amho, Ì`m_wio _amR>s ^mfoMm[dH$mg hs Amnì`m gdm«Ms O~m~Xmar Am[Ugdmª[YH$ ámYmÞ`mZo H$aË`mMs JmoïQ> Amho.Cn‘w¼`‘¨Ír A{OV ndma `m¨Mo ‘ZmoJV.

8 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

_¦VmVohr n¢Om [O©H$Umé`m Am[U^mfm_mOs ^mfm gmOarAgUmé`m _amR>s ^mfobm

A[ÔmV ^mfoMm XOmª [_imdm `mgmR>s_hmamïQμ> emgZmV\}$ gdª áH$maMo á`ÌZ Ho$boOmV AmhoV. Ì`mgmR>s _w¼`_¨Ís n¦ÐdsamOMíhmU `m¨Zs gwá[gÖ gm[h{Ì`H$ ám. a¨JZmWnR>mao `m¨Á`m AÝ`jVoImbs EH$ Aå`mgJQ>

òWmnZ Ho$bm Amho. AmOda V_ri, VobJy,H$ÞZS> d g¨òH¦$V `m Mma ^mfm¨Zm H|$ÑemgZmZo hm XOmª [Xbobm Amho.

^mfoÁ`m A[ÔmVnUmg¨~ŸsMo H|$ÑgaH$maMo [ZH$f nwT>sbá_mUo AmhoV.

1. High antiquity of its early

texts/recorded history over a

period of 1500-2000 years.

- ^mfoMr ámMsZVm2. A body of ancient literature /

texts, which is considered a valu-

able heritage by generations of

speakers.

- ^mfoMr _m¢[bH$Vm Am[U gbJVm3. The literary tradition be orig-

inal and not borrowed from

another speech community.

- ^m{fH$ Am[U dmL³>_`sZ na¨naoMo òd`¨^ynU

4. The Classical language and

literature being distinct from

modern, there may also be a dis-

continuity between the Classical

language and its later forms of its

offshoots.

- ámMrZ ^mfm d [VMo AmYw[ZH$ ë$n`m¨Á`mV nSy> eH$Umé`m I¨S>mgh OmoS>bobo /Agbobo ZmVo.

`m Mmahs _wÛm¨Á`m AZwf¨JmZo [dMma H$aVm_amR>s ^mfm hs A[ÔmV ^mfm Amho ho g~inwamí`m[Zes [gÖ H$aVm òVo. _amR>s ^mfmA[ÔmV R>aË`mgmR>s H$mhs nydªJ¬h Am[UImobda êOboì`m J¢ag_OwVs `m¨Mm AS>WimAmho. _amR>s hs g¨òH¦$VmoX³^d ^mfm Amho Am[U[VMo d` 1 hOma dfm«nojm H$_s Amho AesbmoH$g_OyV H$ë$Z XoË`mV Ambs Amho.

ámMrZ _hmaÇ>r^mfm, _ahÇ>r ^mfm,_hmamïQμ>r ámH¦$V ^mfm, An^¬ë _amR>r ^mfm

A[ÔmV _amR>s

ám. har ZaHo$

AgídmAH$am H$moQ>r bmoH$m¨Mr _amR>r hr OJmVrb Xhmí`m H¬$_m¨H$mMr ^mfmAmho. g¨nÞZ kmZ^mfm AgUmar _amR>r _hmZw^dm¨Mr Y_ª^mfmhr Amho. _amR>rhr amO^mfm AgUmao gmVdmhZ, amïQμ>Hw$Q> Am{U _amRo> ho amÂ`H$V} ^maVâamÂ` H$aV hmoVo. AmOÁ`m nm{H$òVmZ, ~m¨JbmXoe Am{UA\$Jm{UòVmZmdahr _amR>r gÏmoMr nVmH$m \$S>H$V hmoVr. hr ^mfm ~mobUmaobmoH$ AmO OJmVrb 72 Xoem¨V ngabobo AmhoV. Vo ^maVmÁ`m 35 amÂòAm{U Ho¨$Ñem{gV áXoemV _hÏdmÁ`m nXm¨da H$m_ H$aV AmhoV. Ì`m_wio hr\$»$ EH$m ám¨VmMr ^mfm ZgyZ, Vr _hÏdmMr amïQμ>r` ^mfm Amho.

kmZH$moeH$ma lrYa í`¨H$Q>oe Ho$VH$a,amOmam‘emòÍr ^mJdV, XwJmª ^mJdV, dm. dm.{‘amer, S>m±. H¦$. nm¨. Hw$bH$Uu, S>m±. {d. {^.H$mobVo, S>m±. e¨. Jmo. Vwinwio, b. am. nm¨JmaH$a,S>m±. h. {Y. gm¨H${b`m Am{U BVa AZoH$‘mÞ`dam¨Á`m J¬¨Wm¨Mo nwamdo nmhVm ‘amR>rMo d`gw‘mao 2500 df} Agì`mMo {gÖ hmoVo.

9’o$~¬wdmar 2013

Am{U AmOMr _amR>r ^mfm Agm _amR>rMmádmg Pmbm Amho. `m doJdoJú`m ^mfmZgyZ Vs _amR>s `m EH$mM ^mfoMs VsZ ë$noAmhoV, Ago b. am. nm¨JmaH$a `m¨Zs gmoXmhaUXmIdyZ [Xbo Amho. brimM[aÍ, kmZoîdar,{ddoH${gŸy ho _amR>rVbo AmÛJ¬¨W ZmhrV; VaVo _amR>s áJì^ d ls_¨V Pmì`mZ¨VaMo loïR>J¬¨W AmhoV. ho OmJ{VH$ VmoS>rMo J¬¨W AmR>eodfm«nydrª Â`m ^mfoV {b{hbo Jobo, Vr Ì`mÁ`mAmYr ~mam-nŸameo df} AÌ`¨V g_¦Ö ^mfmhmoVr `mMo {ebmboI, Vm_¬nQ>, nmoÐ`m Am{UhòV{b{IV J¬m¨{WH$ nwamdo AmO CnbäY PmboAmhoV. _amR>rVbm AmO CnbäY Agbobmn{hbm J¬¨W gw_mao 2 hOma df} OwZm AgyZÌ`mMo Zmd "JmWmgâeVr' Ago Amho.g¨òH¦$VdmUr Xodo Ho$bs _J ámH¦$V H$m`MmoamnmgyZ Pmbs, Agm g¨Vâ gdmb g¨VEH$ZmWm¨Zs [dMmabm hmoVm. EH$ZmWm¨Ms ^mfmAmOMs _amR>s ^mfm AgyZhs Vo [Vbm ámH¦$VæhUVmV `mdë$Zhs `m XmoZ doJú`m ^mfmZmhsV hoM ònïQ> hmoVo. kmZoüdam¨Zs _amR>sbmXoes ^mfm æhQ>bobo Amho. ho_M¨ÑmMo "XoesZm__mbm' ho `m ^mfoMo í`mH$aU á[gÖ Amho.nm[UZsÁ`m g_H$mbsZ daêMs (H$mÌ`m`Z)`mZo [b[hbobm "ámH¦$V áH$me' hm í`mH$aUJ¬¨W ¼`mVZm_ Amho. ^m¨S>maH$a ámÁ` [dÛmgëmoYZ g¨òWoH$So> gw_mao 30 hOma ámMsZnmoÐ`m CnbäY AgyZ Ì`mVsb XrS> Vo XmoZhOma dfª OwÞ`m Agboì`m gw_mao 80J¬¨Wm¨_Ýò _amR>s ^mfm Ì`mV ám‘w¼`mZoH$m{bXmgmMo emHw¨$Vb (4 Wo eVH$),ewÑH$mMo ‘¦ÁN>H$Q>rH$ (6 do eVH$),ádagoZmMo goVw~Ÿ (5 do eVH$), ^Ñ~mhÿMoAmdî`H$ {Z`wŠVr (3 ao eVH$), {d‘bgwarMonm¢‘M[a`m (1 bo Vo 3 ao eVH$) `m¨Mmg‘mdoe Amho.

am_mÙ, _hm^maVmVhs eoH$S>mo _amR>s eäXgmnS>VmV. 2 hOma dfm«nydu ~¦hÌH$Wm hmn¢emMs ^mfoVsb J¬¨W JwUmT>è `m _amR>sboIH$mZo [b[hbobm Amho. "[dZ`[nQ>H$',"Xrndë', "_hmdë' `m ~m¢Ö J¬¨Wm¨_Ýò nmbsd [g©hbs ^mfoV _hmamïQμ>mMm C„oI AmbobmAmho. _moJ{bnwÏmm{Vï` `mZo H$mhr "Woa'æhUOo loïR> Y_m}nXoeH$ {Za{Zamú`m Xoem¨ZmnmR>{dì`mMm C„oI Amho. n¢H$r "_hmaÇ>'XoemV Woamo‘hmYæ‘a{IVm `mg nmR>{dbo AgoÌ`mV æhQ>bo Amho, "apŠIVWoa¨ dZdm{g`moZH$ Yæ‘apŠIV Woa¨ Ana¨H$V¨

‘hmYæ‘a{ŠIV Woa¨ ‘hmaÈ>.'bmoH$^mfoVyZ {Z{‘ªVr

_amR>s hs _w¼`V: _hmamïQμ>mMs ^mfm AgyZdoXnydªH$mimnmgyZ MmbV Amboì`mbmoH$^mfm¨_YyZ Vs V`ma Pmbs Amho. AemMXwgé`m EH$m bmoH$^mfoVyZ g¨òH¦$V OÞ_mbmAmbobs Amho. AmOn`«V _amR>sda Am`m«Ms~mob^mfm, d¢[XH$, g¨òH¦$V d [d[dY ámH¦$VVgoM Ñ[dS>s ^mfm `m¨Mm n[aUm_ Pmbm Amho._amR>sV VÌg_, VX³^d d Xoî` `mV VsZhsáH$maMo eäX AmT>iVmV. _hmamïQμ>s æhUyZ OsámH¦$V ^mfoVsb [deof ám¢T> d dmL³>_`sZ ^mfmVsM _amR>s hmo`.

_amR>r ^mfoVrb n{hbm {ebmboI 2220dfm«nydrªMm Amho. Vmo ~¬mør {bnrVrb AgyZVmo nwUo {OìùmVrb OwÞZa OdiÁ`m

ZmUoKmQ>mVrb Amho. `m {ebmboImV"_hma{R>Zmo' bmoH$m¨Mm ònïQ> C„oI Amho. S>m±.dm. {d. {_amer `m¨Zr Amnì`m "gmVdmhZAm{U n{îM_r jÍn `m¨Mm B{Vhmg Am{UH$moard boI' `m J¬¨WmV hm {ebmboIáH$m{eV Ho$bm Amho. (""...` _ha{R>ZmoA¨{J`Hw$bdYZg gJa{J[adb`m` nW{d`nW_drag dg... ` _hVmo _h.... '' AZwdmX-""...._hmaR>r A¨{J` Hw$bmoÌnÞZ{J[ag_wÑdb`m¨{H$V n¦Ðdrdarb draloïR>...._hmZ Aem nwêfmV loïR> Aem...'') Â`m_hmaR>r ^mfoV hm {ebmboI {b{hbm JobmAmho Vr Ì`mAmYr {H$_mZ 200 Vo 300 df}A{òVÌdmV Agbr nm[hOo.

_hmamïQμ> `m XoeZm_mnojm _hmamïQμ>r ^mfmOwZr Amho. Aî_H$, Hw¨$Vb, AnamÞV, {dX^ª

‘amR>rV Xadfrª gw_mao XmoZ hOma nwòVHo$ áH$m{eV hmoVmV, nmMeo {XdmirA¨H$ {ZKVmV Am{U N>moQ>r - _moR>r gw_mao XmoZeo gm{hÌ` g¨_obZo hmoVmV.A{Ib ^maVr` _amR>r gm{hÌ` g¨_obZmbm bmImo a{gH$ Cn{òWVrbmdVmV. Xadfrª H$moQ>èdYr ên`m¨Mr _amR>r nwòVH$m¨Mr {dH¬$r hmoV AgVo.Zm_d¨V ImgJr áH$meZ g¨òWm Am{U gaH$mar áH$meZo `m¨Mr d¢Mm[aH$Am{U b{bV nwòVH$m¨Mr dm{fªH$ CbmT>mb drg Vo n¨Mdrg H$moQ>r ên`m¨n`«VAgyZ nmR>ènwòVHo$, Ym{_ªH$ J¬¨W, nmH$H¦$Vr, í`{»$_Ïd {dH$mg{df`H$VgoM b{bV Am{U d¢Mm[aH$ J¬¨W `m¨Mr EH${ÍV ~mOmanoR> gw_mao 250H$moQ>r ênòAmho. XoemVrb EHy$U J¬¨Wmb`m¨n¢H$r 25 Q>¹o$ J¬¨Wmbò EH$Q>èm_hmamïQμ>mV AmhoV. _amR>rV OodTo> H$moe dmL³>_` Amho VodTo> ^maVmVrbAÞ` H$moUÌ`mhr ^mfoV Zmhr. kmZoîda, VwH$mam_m¨dë$Z eoH$S>mo Zmo~obAmodmiyZ Q>mH$mdsV Ago OmJ[VH$ XOmªMo loïR> boIZ _amR>sV PmboboAmho. _amR>s ^mfoV AmOda gw_mao EH$ bmI J¬¨W áH$m[eV Pmbo AgyZÌ`mVsb Ag¨¼` J¬¨W d¢{üdH$X¦ïQ>èm loïR> R>amdoV Ago AmhoV.

10 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

`m áXoem¨V ámH¦$V _hmamïQμ>r áMmamV hmoVr.BVHo$M ZmhrVa gmVdmhZm¨Á`m amOdQ>rV(B.g.nydª 2 ao eVH$ Vo B.g.2 ao eVH$)Ì`m¨Mm amÂ`{dòVma Hw$êjoÍ, noemda BWn`«VPmì`m_wio Vr ^maVmÁ`m ~é`mM _moR>èm^y^mJmV áM{bV hmoVr. æhUyZM"JmhmgÏmgBª' D$\ª$ "JmWmgâeVr' `m hmbgmVdmhZ amOmZo g¨H${bV Ho$boì`m JmWm¨Á`máVtMr hòV{b{IVo Xoeâ AZoH$ {R>H$mUrgmnS>bobr AmhoV.

_hmamïQμ>r ho _hmaÇ>r_hmaÇ>r-_ahÇ>r-_éhmQ>r-_amR>r Agm

Cƒma^¬_mMm ádmg "_hmamïQμ>r ho _hmaÇ>r'MoZm_H$aU g¨òH¦$V ^mfoZo, {VÁ`mVì`mn¨{S>Vm¨Zr Ho$bo. g¨òH¦$V ^mfobm g¨òH¦$V ho Zmd{_iË`mAmYr _hmamïQμ>r ^mfm A{òVÌdmVhmoVr, EdTo>M Zmhr, Va Vr áJì^ PmbobrhmoVr. hmb gmVdmhZmMr "gÏmgBª'O`d„^mMm "dÂOmb¾J' hm gw^m{fVH$moe, ádagoZ dmH$mQ>H$mMo "amdUdhmo'dmŠnVramOmMo "JD$S>dhmo' hr _hmH$míò ho_hmamïQμ>r ámH¦$VmVrb _w¼` J¬¨W. n¢H$r gÏmgBªd amdUdhmo {Z:gë` _hmamïQμ>mV {b{hboJobo.

""_hmamïQμ>ml`m ^mfm¨ áH¦$ïQ> ámH¦$V¨{dXw:&'' Ago _hmH$dr X¨S>r æhUVmo. æhUyZM_hmamïQμ>r ámH¦$V hm _hmamïQμ>r`m¨MmA{^_mZ{df` Amho. _ybV: hr ^mfm_hmamïQμ>mMrM, ho {Z:gë`. {edm` áM{bV_amR>rer _hmamïQμ>rMo {ZH$Q>Mo ZmVo d gmæÀmho ho AZoH$ CXmhaUm¨dë$Z dí`wÏnÌ`m¨dë$Z {gÖ hmoVo. _hmH$dr ~mU^Æ>(gmVí`m eVH$mMm áW_mYª) `mZohfªM[aVmÁ`m ámòVm{dH$mV JmWm H$moemMm

C„oI Ho$bm Amho.`mZ¨Va JmWmgâeVrMm _hÏdmMm C„oI

amOeoIamZo (B.g. 880 Vo 920) Ho$bobmAmho. gmVdmhZ amOmZo AZoH$ {R>H$mUm¨hyZJmWm O_dyZ Ì`m¨Mm g¨J¬h Ho$bm. `m_wiobmoH$m¨Mm AmZ¨X g¨H$moM nmdbm Zmhr, CbQ>{dòVma nmdbm. Ho$dT>r hr AmîM`mªMr na¨nam !

"JmWmgâeVr'Vrb ^m¢Jmo{bH$ òWmZo,ZÛm gmao _hmamïQμ> XoemVrbM Amho. {JaUm,JmoXmdar, Vmnr, Z_ªXm, _wim `m ZÛm `mJ¬¨WmV ám_w¼`mZo AmhoV. ~hwg¨¼` C„oIÎ`¨~Ho$îda, JmoXmdar, n¢R>U `m¨Mo AmhoV.JmWmgâeVr ho _hmamïQμ>mMo AmÛ bmoH$gm{hÌÀmho. Ì`mV H$mí`JV H¦${Í_Vm A{O~mVZmhr. OrdZmMr H$êU, XmêU d ÷X`òneuAer gdª A¨Jo gma¼`mM Hw$ebVoZo {VÁ`mVaoImQ>bobr AmhoV.

An^¬ëmnmgyZ _amR>rAn^¬ëmnmgyZ _amR>r {ZKmbr ho S>m±. {d.

{^. H$mobVo `m¨Zr dmL³>_`rZ nwamí`mZo {gÖHo$bo Amho. kmZoîdarV _amR>r ^mfobm "_éhmR>r'`m eäXm~amo~aM "Xoer' hm eäXhr dmnabobmAmho. {H¨$~hwZm _amR>rMo "Xoer' hoM Zmd A{YH$ë$T> hmoVo. An^¬ëJ¬¨WmVyZ Ì`mVrb ^mfobmMæhQ>bo Amho. An^¬ë ^mfoMo gm{hÌ`m¨VJªV Zmd"Xogr' AgoM Amho. An^¬ë Zího. `m XogrMm{dH$mg hmoD$Z Or ^mfm {Z_mªU Pmbr Vr Xoer{H¨$dm _amR>r. Vr An^¬¬ëmÁ`m "ZmJa' `máH$mamnmgyZ {ZKmbr.

Xoes `mMm AWª Ì`m Ì`m ^y_ses OmoS>boboAgUo Agm hmoVmo. kmZoüdagwÖm "XmD$doìhi Xoes Zds' Ago AmH¬$_H$ hmoVmV Am[U^Q>mo~mggma¼`m JmT>èm n¨[S>Vmbmhs "Vw_MmAò_mV H$ò_mV _s ZoUo Jm : _O lsMH¬$Yao,

[Zê[nbs _éhmQ>s: [V`m[M nwgm'Ago æhUmdobmJVo.

B.g. 778_Ýò {b{hboì`mCÛmoVZgwar `mÁ`m"Hw$db`_mbm' `mJ¬¨WmV AR>am Xoer^mfm¨Mm C„oIAmho. J¬¨W An^¬ë^mfoVbm AR>amXoer ^mfm¨n¢H$rEH$rMo Zmd

"_ahÇ>' Ago Amho. _ahÇ>m¨Mo ^mfoMo dUªZ òUoá_mUo-

XT>_S>h gm_b¨Jo g{hao A{h_mU H$bhgbo`&

{XËUbo J{h„o C„{dao VÌW _ahÇo>&&(AWª : Ya_wQ>, H$mimgmdim, ghZerb,

A{^_mZr, H$bherb d "{XËUbo J{h„o'~mobUmam _ahÇ>m....)

JmWm gâgVs `m J¬¨WmVsb JmWm nm[hì`mH$s, `m JmWm¨_Ysb g_mOOsdZ Am[Ugm_m[OH$ n`mªdaU _amR>s Agì`mMo,_hmamïQμ>s` Agì`mMo ònïQ>nUo [XgyZ òVo.

_hmamïQμ>mMm ámMrZV_, na¨Vw AáÌ`jC„oI n{hì`m eVH$mV a{Mboì`m daêMrÁ`mámH¦$V í`mH$aUmV {_iVmo. daêMrZo"_hmamðμ>r' ho Ì`m áXoem¨Vrb ámH¦$V ^mfoMoZmd {Xbo Amho. hm J¬¨W nm{UZrÁ`m H$mimVrbAmho. Ì`mV Ì`mZo em¢agoZr, _mJYr, n¢emMr,_hmamïQμ>rMo gJio {Z`_ gm¨JyZ Pmì`mZ¨Vagdm«V _hÏdmMm {Z`_ gm¨{JVbm Amho H$r,eof¨ _hmamïQμ>sdV ("~mH$r gdª {Z`__amR>rá_mUo AgVrb.') `mdë$Z _amR>r hrá_wI ^mfm hmoVr ho {Z{dªdmX Amho. Xoemdë$Z^mfobm Zmd nS>Vo ho bjmV KoVm `mZ¨VaMmC„oI eH$Z¦n{V lrYa d_mª `mÁ`m Mm¢Ð`meVH$mVrb (B. g. 365) EaU òWrbòV¨^boImV gmnS>Vmo. Ì`mV lrYa d_mª `mMmgoZmnVr gÌ`ZmJ AmnUmg "_hmamïQμ>'æhUOo _hmamïQμ>r` æhU{dVmo. (''goZmn{VgÌ`ZmJoZ... á_wIoZ _hmamïQμ>oZ.."").

nwTo> damh{_{hamZo "~¦hÌg¨{hVo'V_hmamïQμ>r`m¨{df`r "^m¾ò ag{dH¬${`J:nË`ôrH$Þ`H$m _hmamïQμ>:' Ago æhQ>bo Amho.(~¦hÌg¨{hVm 10.8) Eohmoio {ebmboImV(B.g. 634) gÏm`ml` nwbHo$er (MmbwŠ`)hm VrZhr _hmamïQμ>mMm gmdª^m¢_ amOmPmì`mMm C„oI AmT>iVmo. (E{n. B¨. 6.4).á{gÖ {MZr ádmgr õ`wEZÌg¨J (B. g. 629Vo 645) _hmamïQμ>mg "_mohmobme' Agog¨~moYyZ Ì`m{df`r {dòVmamZo {b{hVmo.dmÌò`m`Z, daêMr d X¨S>r `m¨Zr Ho$bobo_hmamïQμ>mMo C„oI á{gÖM AmhoV. amOeoIaòdV:bm _hmamïQμ> MwS>m_Us æhUdyZ KoVmo.

{ebmboI, Vm‘¬nQ>, hòV{b[IV nmoÐ`m,áH$m{eV J¬¨W, `m gmé`m¨Á`m gëmoYZmVyZ‘amR>r~m~V EH$ "á‘mUH$ n[adVªZ'(n±amS>mBª‘ {eãQ>) hmoUma Amho.

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11’o$~¬wdmar 2013

[ÔmVVm, dmL>³_`mVsb dmH$boVsb hs EH$ Ho$diEo[Vhm[gH$ [dMmagaUs AWdm

Ho$di EH$ B[Vhmg[Zanoj VÏdáUmbs_mZbs, Va `mMo `WmWª òdë$n g_OUmaZmhs. A[ÔmVdmXmZo dmL>³_`[df`H$[d[eïQ> e¢bs, [d[eïQ> X¦{ïQ>H$moZ, [d[eïQ>

_Zmod¦Ïms, [d[eïQ> áoaUm, [d[eïQ> H$mbI¨S> d[d[eïQ> dmL>³_`sZ _yì`H$ìnZm `m¨n¢H$s EH$,AZoH$ qH$dm gdªM JmoïQ>s gwM[dì`m OmVmV.Ì`m_mJo na¨nam, bmoH$arVs, bmoH$dmL>³_`,H$moard boI, _m¢[IH$ na¨nam, [b[IV gm[hÌ`BÌ`mXtMs nmüdª^y_s AgVo.

_amR>s ^mfoVsb AmÛ J¬¨Wm¨Á`m

OÞ_H$mimnmgyZ _moOUs Ho$bs, VagwêdmVsg "bsimM[aÍ' Am[U "kmZoüdar'`m¨gma¼`m gdª ÒïQ>sZs Anydª d Abm¢[H$H$dmL>³_`sZ H¦$VtMs [Z[_ªVs Xod[JarH$a `mXddëmÁ`m amOdQ>sV (B.g. 1185 Vo 1318)Pmbs. _hmZw^md n¨WmMo á_wI d g¨òWmnH$ls MH¬$Ya `m¨Zs Amnbm CnXoe _amR>sVHo$ì`m_wio Ì`m¨Á`m n¨Ws`m¨Zs _amR>sVJ¬¨WaMZm Ho$bs. "bsimM[aÍm'gmaImAïQ>n¢by _hmÌæ` AgUmam J¬¨W `mH$mbI¨S>mÁ`m áma¨^sM Amho; [H©$~hwZm Ì`mZoM`m H$mbI¨S>mbm áma¨^ hmoVmo. kmZoüdargmaIoaÌZ, H$s Â`mMs á^m nwTo> XsKªH$mi, [H©$~hwZm[MaH$mb \$mH$V am[hbs Am[U amhsb, Vs `mMH$mimV [ZnObs. _amR>s gm[hÌ`mVyZkmZoüdar dOm Ho$bs Va ""_amR>s gm[hÌ` -kmZoüda = eyÞ`'' Ago [dZmo~m ^mdo æhUVAgV. MH¬$Yaòdm_tÁ`m Â`m gyÍnmR>mda_hmZw^mds` dmL>³_`mMo _¨[Xa Cô am[hbo, VmogyÍnmR> `mM H$mimVsb hmo`. Za|ÑgmaImb[bV_Ywa Am[U [VVH$mM òdm[^_mZs H$ds`mM H$mimZo _hmamïQμ>mbm-_amR>s ^mfobm[Xbm. _hmZw^mdm¨Á`m "gmVsJ¬¨Wm'gmaIsH$míò, Zm_Xodm¨gma¼`m¨Á`m ÷X`sÁ`m í`Wm

gm¨JUmé`m JmWm, hs gdª [Z[_ªVs `m H$mimVPmbs. "áW_d`gmH$mis' áH$Q> Pmbobs_amR>s ^mfoÁ`m bmdË`mMs hs "Zíhmis'IamoIaM Anydª æhQ>bs nm[hOo. _wHw¨$XamOmMo"[ddoH$[g©Yw' d "na_m_¦V' Am[U kmZXodm¨Ms"^mdmWªXs[nH$m' Zm_H$ JsVodarb Q>sH$m hoÌ`m H$miMo doXmÞV[df`H$ _amR>s J¬¨Wgwá[gÖ AmhoV. _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m B[VhmgmVáma¨^sM BVH$s A[ÔmV g_¦Ö J¬¨WaMZmPmì`mMo ho H$Xm[MV EH$_od CXmhaU Agob![deof æhUOo gwêdmVsMo ho J¬¨W nwT>sb[nT>sbm AI¨S> ò\y$Vu XoV Ambo AmhoV.

áma¨^sÁ`m dmL>³_`mMm [dMma H$aVmZmn[hbs JmoïQ> bjmV òVo Vs hs H$s, hoA[ÔmV dmL>³_` EH$m ZdsZ ^mfoV áH$Q>hmoV hmoVo. Vgo nm[hì`mg `m H$mimn`«VæhUOo 12 í`m - 13 í`m eVH$mn`«V _amR>s^mfoMm OÞ_ Pmì`mg [H$_mZ Mma-nmMeo df}[Z{îMVnUo bmoQ>bs AgUma; nU ùmH$mbmdYsV [VZo dmL>³_`mÁ`m [XeoZo H$mhsdmQ>Mmb Ho$bobs hmoVs H$m? VÌg¨~Ÿs R>mog

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emoY ámMsZÌdmMm

12 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

nwamdm [_iV Zmhs. `mMm AWª `m Mma-nmMeodfm«V _amR>s ^mfoV H$mhsM [Z_mªU PmboZmhs, Ago Zího. bmoH$JsVo, bmoH$H$Wm,Amoí`m-A^¨J, Â`mo[Vfd¢ÛH$mMs ~mSo>`m¨gmaIs [Z[_ªVs PmbsM AgUma. æhUOo_amR>s dmL>³_`mMm áma¨^ bsimM[aÍ [H©$dmkmZoüdar `m¨nmgyZ Z hmoVm, Vmo Ì`mnyduH$mhs eVH$m¨nmgyZ Pmbobm AgUma, ho[Z[dªdmX hmo`. _amR>s ^mfm Mmaeo dfoª"kmZoüdar"nydu A{òVÌdmV hmoVs, Ago S>m±.J. dm. VJma|gmaIo Aå`mgH$ æhUVmV.[Vbm amïQμ>Hy$Q>H$mbsZ _amR>s g¨~mo[YVmV.nU `mXdH$mbmnydu amïQμ>Hw$Q>m¨Á`m, [ebmhmam¨Á`m, MmbwŠ`m¨Á`m amOdQ>sV H$mhs_amR>s J¬¨W [Z_mªU PmboM AgVsb.kmZoüdargmaIm A[ÔmV A[ÜVs` J¬¨WH$mhs EH$X_ [ZnObm ZgUma! nU AÛm[n`mXdnydª áXsKª H$mi H$mhs [ebmboIgmoS>ì`mg nyUªnUo AŸmamV Amho."bsimM[aÍ' [H©$dm "kmZoüdar' [Z_mªUhmoË`mnydu Os Mmaeo df} J¦hsV YabsOmVmV, Ì`m áXsKª H$mimV Ago [H$VsVardmL>³_` bmoH$m¨Á`m Vm|Sy>Z CÌò\y$VªnUo [Z_mªUPmbo Agmdo; na¨Vw Vo boIZ[dïQ> ZPmì`mZo Vo Ogo [Z_mªU Pmbo Vgo [Z_mbohsAgob. Aem áH$maÁ`m dmL>³_`mMs, Â`mbmAmO AmnU bmoH$dmL>³_` `m ZmdmZoJm¢a[dVmo, Ì`mMs WmoS>s MmhybbsimM[aÍgma¼`m EImÛm AndmXmÌ_H$J¬¨WmV bmJVo.

bmoH$dmL>³_`mMo [deof òWmZ_amR>s ^mfoV bmoH$dmL>³_`mbm [deof

òWmZ Amho. AbsH$S>Á`m H$mimV bmoH$m¨Zs[b[hbobo Zího, Va ~mobbobo dmL>³_` CXm.

ë$T> AgUmé`m nma¨n[aH$ H$Wm, H$hmË`m,JmUs, æhUs, CImUonmImUo, AmOs~mBªÁ`mJmoïQ>s, A¨JmBªJsVo, OmÌ`mdarb Amoí`m,nwamUH$Wm BÌ`mXs. am. [M©. To>ao æhUVmV,""Â`m H$mimV ldU hoM ~hwOZm¨Á`mkmZgmYZoMo _mÝ`_ hmoVo, Ì`m H$mimVnwamUH$Wm ho gm_mÞ`g_mOmMo Iwbo> [dÛmnsR>(AmonZ `w[Zíh[gªQ>s)hmoVo.'' `m [gÖmÞVmbmbsimM[aÍmV nwamdmgmnS>Vmo. Amoí`m,AmaÌ`m, nXo `má_mUoJm|Yis JsVohs _hmamïQμ>mV\$ma ámMsZ H$mimnmgyZaMbs OmV AgmdsV.B.g. 1240 _Ýò[b[hboì`m OmÙmÁ`m"Z¦ÌàÌZmdbs' J¬¨WmVAgm C„oI Amho H$s,""H$ì`mUsMm amOm V¦Vs`gmo_oüda `mZoH$ì`mUs_Ýò ^yV_mV¦_hmoÌgdmÁ`m [Z[_ÏmmZoJm|S>bs Z¦Ì` H$a[dbo hmoVo.'' _hmamïQμ>mV Vo"Jm|S>bm' `m ZmdmZo á[gÖ hmoVo dgmo_oüdamZo Ì`mV gwYmaUm H$ë$Z Ì`mbm"[MÍJm|S>bs' ho Zmd [Xbo. ho Jm|S>bs Z¦Ì`æhUOoM AmOÁ`m Jm|YimMo ámMsZ ë$nhmo`, Ago To>ao æhUVmV. Amods hm _amR>sbmoH$gm[hÌ`mMm ámMsZV_ áH$ma AgUma.

_amR>sVsb Amods hs OmZnX òdë$nmMsAmho d Vs _wimV Jo` Amho. AmodsMs hsd¢[eïQ>èo [Vgé`m gmo_oüda [b[IV"_mZgmo„mg' [H©$dm "A[^b[fVmWª

[M©Vm_Ur' `m [düdH$moegÒe J¬¨WmV gy[MVPmbs AgyZ _hmamïQμ>mVsb {ô`mXiUH$m¨S>U H$aVmZm Amoí`m JmV AemAWmªMm ònïQ> C„oI Ì`mV [_iVmo.æhmB¨^Q>H¦$V "Jmo[d©Xá^yM[aÍm'V H$m¨S>VmZmJm`boì`m bsboMm C„oI Amho. VmÌn`ª,

AmodsgmaIs bmoH$JsVo \$ma nydunmgyZ ë$T>AgmdsV, ho "_mZgmo„mg' [H©$dm"bsimM[aÍ' `m J¬¨Wmdë$Z ònïQ> hmoVo.Aem áH$mao ZmZm áH$maMo bmoH$mMma, BÌ`mXsAZoH$ ádmhm¨Zm Amnì`m nmoQ>mV KoD$Z hsbmoH$dmL>³_`mMs J¨Jm dmhV AgVo.bmoH$dmL>³_` hm eäX gwg¨òH¦$Vm¨Zs~Z[dbobm Agbm, Var áÌ`j ho dmL>³_`_w¼`ÌdoH$ë$Z gm_mÞ` bmoH$m¨Á`m Vm|S>mVyZOÞ_mbm Ambobo AgVo. g_mOmÁ`m AZoH$Wam¨VyZ hs bmoH$dmL>³_`mMs J¨Jm dmhVAgì`mZo Vs [demb g_mOmMo á[V[Z[YÌd

[dÛ_mZ _amR>s AmYs _hmamïQμ>s An^¬ë d Ì`mhs AmYs _hmamïQμ>s ámH¦$V `m ^mfm áMmamV hmoÌ`m. _hmamïQμ>sámH¦$V hs ^maVmVsb gdª ámH¦$V ^mfm¨_Ýò gdmª[YH$ _hÏdmMs _mZbs OmV hmoVs. daêMsZo ám_w¼`mZo [VMoMí`mH$aU aMbo Amho. Ì`m H$mis boIH$ H$moUÌ`mhs áXoemVbm Agbm, Var b[bV boIZmgmR>s _hmamïQμ>sámH¦$VmMmM òdsH$ma Ho$bm OmV Ago. gmh[OH$M ámH¦$VmMs joÍ_`mªXm Ho$di _hmamïQμ> hs ZíhVs, Va Ì`mhyZí`mnH$ áXoemV [VMm g¨Mma hmoVm. ámMsZ _hmamïQμ>mVsb gm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>sH$So> ZOa Q>mH$ì`mg EH$m _moR>èm na¨naoMoXeªZ KS>Vo. _amR>s ^mfoV CÏm_ áVsMo dmL³>_` Voamí`m eVH$mV [Z_mªU Pmbo; nU Ì`mnydu `m ^y^mJmV amhUmé`mAZoH$m¨Zs g¨òH¦$V-ámH¦$V-An^¬ë ^mfm¨V dmL>³_` [Z[_ªVs Ho$bs. `mMo CÏm_ CXmhaU æhUOo H$[dHw$bJwë$H$m[bXmg hmo`. Ì`mZo _oKXyVmMs [Z[_ªVs am_[Jar òWo Ho$bs. _¦ÁN>H$[Q>H$mMm H$Vmª ewÑH$ hm _hmamïQμ>s` hmoVm."XeHw$_maM[aV'H$Vmª X¨S>s hmhs _yiMm _hmamïQμ>s` _mZbm OmVmo. á[gÖ Â`mo[Vfs d J[UVs ^mòH$amMm`ª hmhs_hmamïQμ>s` hmoVm. `mMm AWª Agm H$s, áÌ`j _amR>s ^mfoV ám¢T> òdë$nmMs J¬¨WaMZm gwë$ hmoË`mnydu _hmamïQμ>mVsbnydªH$dtZs _moR>èm á_mUmV J¬¨W[Z[_ªVs H$ë$Z bm¢[H$H$ [_i[dbm hmoVm. nydªgwatÁ`m `m J¬¨Wm¨Mm H$mhs EH$ n[aUm_`mXdH$mbsZ _amR>s boIH$m¨da [Z{îMVnUo Pmbm Agbm nm[hOo; _hmZw^md d dmaH$ar n¨WmVsb H$dtZsJmR>boì`m dmL>³_`sZ C¨Msbm Ì`mAmYsMs Mma-nmMeo dfm«Ms na¨nam H$maUs^yV R>abs.

13’o$~¬wdmar 2013

H$aVo Am[U Ì`m g_mOmMs [d[dY OsdZm¨JoVsV ghO á[V[~©[~V hmoVmV. emô d H$bmAem XmoÞhs ÒïQ>tZs `m dmL>³_`mg _hÏd Amho.H$bmÒïQ>èm Va Vo AOa, A_a hmoD$Z ~gVo.AZoH$ amOdQ>s òVmV Am[U H$mbm¢KmVZmhsem hmoVmV; nU bmoH$H$Wm, bmoH$JsVo,ë$T>sna¨nam `m [Za¨Va AgVmV; H$maUgmaòdVmMs gdª A¨Jo Ì`mV Agì`mZo `mbmoH$dmL>³_`mg bmoH$[á`Vmhs bm^Vo. `mMoCÏm_ CXmhaU æhUOo "n¨MV¨Í' hmo`.bmoH$ë$T> g_OwVtMm Cn`moJ H$ë$Z AZoH$H$dtZs H$mí`[Z[_ªVs Ho$ì`mMs H$mhs CXmhaUoEH$ZmWm¨Á`m ^mêS>mV [_iVmV. nmodmSo> dbmdË`m aMUmé`m em[ham¨Zs bmoH$dmL>³_`mMmCn`moJ Amnmnì`m H$dZm¨Á`m aMZoVH$m¢eì`mZo H$ë$Z KoVbm Amho. _mZdemô,g_mOemô, ^mfmemô `m¨gma¼`m emôm¨ZmbmoH$gm[hÌ`mMm AmYma CnH$maH$ R>aVmo. CbQ>Vs emôo `m dmL>³_`mÁ`m Aå`mgmVyZ gmH$mahmoVmV. bmoH$gm[hÌ`mMo Am[dïH$ma [^ÞZAmhoV. H$Ys Vo EImÛm bmoH$H$WoMo ë$n KoVo,Va H$Ys bmoH$JsVmÁ`m ë$nmZo áH$Q> hmoVo.H$YsH$Ys Vo dmŠáMmam¨VyZ [H©$dm g_mOmÁ`mMmbarVtVyZ OmUdVo. H$Ys Vo J¬m¨[WH$dmL>³_`mbm ~sO^yV R>aVo. ùmVyZ J¬¨Wm¨Ms[Z[_ªVs hmoVo. Agm hm bmoH$gm[hÌ` Am[UJ¬m¨[WH$ dmL>³_` `m¨Mm nmR>[edUsMm IoiAmho. WmoS>Š`mV, áma¨^sÁ`m H$mimVsb[deofV: H$WmÌ_H$ gm[hÌ`mMs [Z[_ªVs _moR>èm

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_amR>s ^mfoMmCJ_H$mb

_amR>s ^mfoMmCJ_H$mb dCJ_H$mbsZ òdë$nOmUyZ À`md`mMo Agob, Va ámMsZ[ebmboIm¨Mm d Vm_¬nQ>m¨Mm [dMma A[Zdm`ªR>aVmo; H$maU H$moard boIm¨Mo _hÏdAZÞ`gmYmaU Amho. Ì`m¨Á`m AmYmao _amR>s^mfoMm _mJ nwïH$i _mJo OmD$Z H$mT>VmòVmo. [H©$~hwZm ho Vm_¬[ebmboI hobmoH$dmL>³_`mZo ë$T> Ho$boì`m ^mfoMm áH$Q>Am[dïH$ma hmoV. B[VhmgmMo ho EH$[düdgZs` gmYZ A_mob Amho, `mV e¨H$mMZmhs. AmÛ _amR>s H$moard boI H$moUVm, hmEH$ dmXmMm [df` Amho; VWm[n AmO[_VsgA[^boIVÂkm¨Á`m _Vo "Ajs [ebmboI'(VmbwH$m A[b~mJ, [Oìhm am`JS>) hmMAmÛ _amR>s boI æhUVm òBªb. Vmo eHo$934 æhUOo B.g. 1012 _Ysb AgyZHo$[eXod `m [ebmhma amOmÁ`m H$maH$rXuVsbAmho. Ì`mÁ`mM H$ma[H$XuVsb AmUIs EH$"R>mUo Vm_¬nQ>' CnbäY AgyZ Ì`m¨Mm H$mieHo$ 939 æhUOo B.g. 1017 Amho. VoíhmH$mb[df`H$ Vnesb Am[U VÌH$mbsZ

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[ebmboImnyduMo AmhoV; H$maUldU~oiJmoio hm eHo$ 1038-39(B.g.1116-17) _Ysb AgyZ Vmo_amR>sVsb n[hbm æhUyZ g_Obm JobmhmoVm; H$maU hwìQ>³P `m¨Zs Vmo eHo$ 905æhUOo B.g. 983 Mm R>a[dbm hmoVm. na¨VwZ¨VaÁ`m gëmoYH$m¨Zs [deofV: byBª amBªg, X.dm. nmoVXma, Za[g©hmMma á^¦[VZs g_á_mUÌ`mMm H$mb R>a[dbm Amho; VWm[n H$ÞZS>áXoemV (H$ZmªQ>H$) Vmo XmoZ AmoitMm _amR>s_OHy$a AmT>iì`mZo Ì`mMo _hÏd C„oIZsÀmho. Ì`mdë$Z _amR>s Ì`m ^mJmV Hw$Ro>VaráMmamV Agbs nm[hOo, ho [Z{îMV.

AH$amí`m eVH$mVsb Vm_¬[ebm-emgZmdë$Z VgoM AÞ` H$mhs nyduÁ`mg¨òH¦$V-ámH¦$V-H$mZS>s [ebmboIm¨VyZ (CXm.[g©XJmodÞZ `mÁ`m ZmamÙJmd Vm_¬nQ>mV)IS>H$, qMMd¦j, Jmohdmar (Jdma^mOs),V[UH$m (g¨òH¦$V V¦U) Ago _amR>s eäXAmT>iVmV; Va eHo$ 671 (B.g. 749) Á`m_mZmoa Vm_¬nQ>mV "gmoZma' hm eäX Amho. VmonyUª _amR>s eäX Amho. AWmªV ho gdª gwQo> eäXAmhoV. Hw$S>bÁ`m boImV EH$ g¨nyUª dmŠ`_amR>sV Amho.

H$moH$UmVrb 27 H$moard boI_amR>sVsb gw_mao nmD$Ueo boIm¨n¢H$s 27

æhUOo gw_mao EH$ V¦Vs`më boI H$moH$UmVsbAmhoV. hs JmoïQ> H$moH$Udmgr`m¨Zm [Z{îMVM^yfUmònX dmQo>b; _mÍ ho gdª boI _amR>sVAmhoV. Ì`m¨n¢H$s EH$hs H$moH$Us ^mfoV Zmhs.

B[VhmgmMm`ª [d. H$m.amOdmS>èm¨Zs [dgmí`m eVH$mÁ`mn[hì`m Xwgé`m XeH$m¨V gw_mao52 Vm_¬nQ> - [ebmboIm¨Mo dmMZHo$bo Am[U áW_M H$mhs[ebmboI áH$m[eV Ho$bo. Ì`m¨MmhoVy _amR>sMo ámMsZÌd emoYUoAm[U í`mH$aUÒïQ>èm Ì`mMm N>S>mbmdUo hm hmoVm. eHo$ 1102æhUOo Bgds gZ 1180 _Ysbnai òWsb [ebmboImnmgyZeHo$ 602 æhUOo B.g. 680_Ysb [dH¬$_m[XÌ` MmbwŠ`mÁ`mVm_¬nQ>mn`«V _amR>s eäXm¨Msna¨nam A[dÁN>ÞZ AmT>iVo AgoamOdmSo> `m¨Mo AZw_mZ Amho.

[H©$~hwZm, _hmamïQμ>â [dIwaboì`m`m _amR>s ^m[fH$ nmD$Ueo boIm¨V_amR>sÁ`m ámXo[eH$ ~mobsMs Mmhyb[deof Aes Hw$Ro>M AmT>iV Zmhs.VgoM H$mhs [H$aH$moi AndmXdJiì`mg ámMsZ _amR>s H$moardboIm¨Mo òdë$n ^mfmÒïQ>èm g¨[_lAmho; H$maU Ì`m¨V g¨òH¦$V d _amR>sAem XmoÞhs ^mfm¨Ms `moOZmH$_sOmòV á_mUmV Ho$bobs [XgyZòVo. g¨òH¦$VMm òneªhs Z PmboboewÖ _amR>s boI VwbZmÌ_H$ÒïQ>èm\$ma WmoSo> AmhoV; _mÍ `m H$moardboIm¨Vsb _amR>sMo òdë$nVÌH$mbsZ J¬m¨[WH$ ^mfoes nwïH$igo[_iVoOwiVo Amho. EH$ ImQo>J¬m_ Vm_¬nQ>gmoS>Vm gdª boI XodZmJar [bnsV AmhoV;_mÍ hm boI _amR>s ^mfoV nU H$mZS>s [bnsVAmho. nwTo> H$mhs boIm¨VyZ _moS>s [bnsÒïQ>moÌnÏmsg òVo, nU Vo gdª boICÏmaH$mbsZ æhUOo `mXd H$mimZ¨VaMoAmhoV. boIZÒïQ>èm AmUIs EH$ [deofæhUOo `m boIm¨VyZ Cn`moObobs g¨jon[MÞho hs hmoV. `m g¨jon [MÞhm¨Mm Cn`moJ_mÍ gyMH$ Amho. ámMsZ _amR>s H$moard boIm¨VAgo gw_mao nÞZmg EH$ [Za[Zamio g¨jondmnabobo AmhoV. boI H$moard Agì`m_wioÌ`m¨Zm eäX _`mªXoMo ~ŸZ VX³dVM _`mª[XVOmJm (ònog) Agì`m_wio g¨jon [MÞhm¨MsAmdî`H$Vm [deof dmQ>V Agmds ho CKS>Amho. dmH$Q>H$m¨Mm dm[e_ Vm_¬nQ> ghmí`m

eVH$mVsb AgyZ `m boImMs ^mfm g¨òH¦$V-ámH¦$V Aes g¨[_l Agì`mZo Ì`mV"[OdÂOmo[g©', "gÕÂOmogs' `m¨gmaIsMVwÐ`ªÞV nw{„©Js [deofZm_o, Am[U "Omo',"Amæhohs', "AmnyUo' d "MCÌW' `m¨gmaIs_amR>sbm \$ma Odi AgUmar eäXë$nogmnS>VmV. `mdë$Z B[VhmgmMm`ª [d. H$m.amOdmS>èm¨Á`m darb [dYmZmg nwïQ>sM [_iVo._amR>s diUmMs í`{»$Zm_o Va AZoH$boIm¨VyZ Ò¾JmoMa hmoVmV. ~hwVoH$ gdª H$moardboIm¨Mo boIZ WmoS>èm\$ma á_mUmV AewÖAgVoM! H$maU ImoXH$m_ H$aUmam H$moaŠ`mboIH$má_mUo OmUVm ZgyZ gm_mÞ`nUoAS>mUsM AgVmo. Ì`m_wio gmh[OH$M Ì`mÁ`mhmVyZ AZoH$ áH$maMs AewÖo boImV[eaVmV; VWm[n EH$ [Z{îMV H$s, `m _amR>s^m[fH$ [ebmVm_¬emgZmnydu _amR>s ^mfm[b[IV òdë$nmV Z¹$sM Agmds, [H©$~hwZm

Vs áMmamV Agì`m[edm`[ebmboImV eäX~Ö H$es hmoBªb?

_amR>s dmL>³_`mMo d¢H$m[gH$ ë$nB.g. 7 í`m eVH$mnmgyZ 12 í`meVH$mn`«VÁ`m ámMsZ[ebmVm_¬emgZmV Ogo AmT>iVo,VX³dVM Ì`mMo CJ_òWmZ EH$MæhUOo bmoH$gm[hÌ` hmo`; nUÌ`mMo Am[dïH$ma [^ÞZ AmhoV.H$Ys Vo EImÛm bmoH$H$WoMo ë$nKoVo, Va H$Ys bmoH$JsVmÁ`m ë$nmZoáH$Q> hmoVo; H$Ys dmŠáMmam¨VyZ VaH$Ys g_mOmÁ`m nma¨n[aH$Mmbs[aVtVyZ OmUdVo Am[U

J¬m¨[WH$ dmL>³_`mbm ~sO^yV hmoVo, Agm hmbmoH$gm[hÌ` Am[U J¬m¨[WH$ dmL>³_` `m¨MmnmR>[edUsMm Ioi Amho d Vmo Jobs ~mam-Voameo df} gmVÌ`mZo Mmby Amho. `mMm AWªM_wis hm Amho H$s, _amR>s ^mfm amOdmSo>æhUVmV Ì`má_mUo Bgds gZmÁ`m gmVí`m-AmR>í`m eVH$mV áMmamV hmoVs d ~mobbsOmV Agmds, [Vbm A[ÔmV òdë$n B.g.10 í`m - 11 í`m eVH$m¨V ámâ PmboAgmdo; H$maU VÌH$mbsZ [ebmVm_¬emgZm¨VAmT>iUmar ^mfm [H$aH$moi AewÖ d í`mH$aUXmof gmoS>Vm áJì^ Amho.

g¨X^ª : 1. e¨. ~m. Omoes, _éhmQ>sg¨òH¦$Vs, 1980

2. am. qM. To>ao, bmoH$g¨òH¦$VsMs [j[VOo,nwUo, 1971

3. e¨.Jmo. Vwinwio, g¨nm. _amR>sdmL>³_`mMm B[Vhmg, I¨S> n[hbm, nwUo1984.

4. gw.a. Xoenm¨So>, B[VhmgmMm`ª [d. H$m.amOdmSo>, nwUo, 2010

5. [d. b. ^mdo, _hmamïQμ> gmaòdV (6 dsAmd¦Ïms), I¨S> 2, nwadUs, e¨.Jmo. Vwinwio,_w¨~Bª, 1983

6. ~miH¦$ïU AZ¨V [^So>, _amR>s ^mfoMm ddmL>³_`mMm B[Vhmg (_mZ^md AIoa), nwUo,1933

7. g.J¨. _mbeo, g¨nm. _amR>s dmL>³_`mMmB[Vhmg, I¨S> 2, ^mJ n[hbm, nwUo, 1980

8. _w.~. emh, g¨nm. B[VhmgmMm`ª [d.H$m. amOdmSo> g_J¬ gm[hÌ`, I¨S> 1 Vo 13,Ywio, 1995-1998.

g¨nHª$ … 9623185140rr

""nydª MmbwŠ` (~mXm_s), amïQμ>Hy$Q>, CÏma MmbwŠ` (H$ì`mUs) d`mXd `m¨Á`m H$ma[H$Xv_Ýò _hmamïQμ>mV _amR>s ^mfm áMmamV hmoVs. `mgw_mamg hmb gmVdmhZ dJ¢a|Ms _amR>s ^mfm gm_mÞ` bmoH$m¨Á`m~mobË`mVyZ ~hwVoH$ Jobs hmoVs. `m [ebmVm_¬emgZmVsb gHw$, gdVw,D$ga, dmda, òWonmQ>s hs ë$no [Z:gë` _amR>s AmhoV. _hmamïQμ>s ámH¦$VZmhsV. `m g¨òH¦$V [ebmVm_¬emgZmV ho _amR>s eäX òVmV; H$maU AjaoH$moaUmao H$mamJsa Am[U boImMm _gwXm V`ma H$aUmao A[YH$mar `m¨Á`m~mobË`mV bmoH$^mfoVsb eäX Zoh_s òV AgVmV. ho bmoH$ JmTo> g¨òH¦$VVÂk ZgV. ho Ì`m¨Mo AkmZ ^mfmemômbm \$ma Cn`moJmMo Pmbo Amho.[ebmboI ImoXUmé`m gm_mÞ` H$mam[Jam¨Zm g¨òH¦$V ^mfoMo VmoS>Ho$ kmZAgo. Ì`m_wio Vo VÌH$mbsZ kmV ~mobs^mfoMmM A[YH$Va dmna H$arV.''nwTo> amOdmSo> æhUVmV, ""BVHo$ _mÍ [Z{îMV Amho H$s eHo$ 602 Á`mgw_mamg hmb gmVdmhZ dJ¢a|Ms _hmamïQμ>s ^mfm gm_mÞ` bmoH$m¨Á`m~mobË`mVyZ ~hwVoH$ Jobs hmoVs Am[U [VÁ`mEodOs _amR>s ^mfm gwë$ PmbshmoVs.''

’o$~¬wdmar 201314

15’o$~¬wdmar 2013

ed¨Vamdm¨Mm qnS> hmgm[h{Ì`H$mMm qnS> hmoVm.amOH$maUmV amhyZhs gm[hÌ`mes

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AmîM`ªOZH$ èd¨Vamdm¨Ms áJVsMs Pon,hs Ì`m¨Á`m A¨J^yV JwUm¨Zs gmH$mabs Amho.J[a~sVhs Vo dmT>bo, nmogbo Jobo Mm¨Jì`mg¨òH$mamV. AmBªMo g¨òH$ma Imobda C_Q>bobo.`m g¨òH$mam¨Zs Ì`m¨Zm AmMaU [Xb¨. _ZmMmgm\$gwWaonUm [Xbm. _ZmMs ls_¨Vs [Xbs.

AmBªÁ`m g¨òH$mamM¨ ho F$U Ì`m¨Zs Amnì`m[bImUmVyZhs AZoH$Xm _mÞ` Ho$b¨ Amho."î`m_Ms AmBª' `m J¬¨WmM¨ hòV[b[IV Ì`m¨ZmdmMm`bm [_imb¨. gmZo JwêOtM¨ hòVmja,Ì`m¨Á`m [dMmamVsb g[hïUwVm, Z¢{VH$Vm,d¢[îdH$Vm ho gma¨ Ì`m¨Zm áÌ`j AZw^dVmAmb¨. J¬¨Wm¨Mo _mJª MmoImiVmZm Ì`m¨MsòdV:Ms X¦ïQ>s í`mnH$ Pmbs. èd¨Vamdm¨Mm,Ì`m¨Á`m gm[hÌ`mMm Aå`mg H$aVmZm _mÃ`m_Zmg_moa áîZ C^m am[hbm.. èd¨VamdamOH$maUs æhUyZ _moRo> H$s gm[h{Ì`H$ æhUyZ_moRo>? bû_Uemôs Omoes, J. [X._mS>JyiH$a `m¨Á`mgmaIo Wmoa gm[h{Ì`H$èd¨Vamdm¨Á`m gm[hÌ`mbm _mZmMs nmdVsOmoS>VmV, _J Cå`m _hmamïQμ>mZo gm[h{Ì`H$èd¨Vamd `m¨Mm gm[h{Ì`H$ æhUyZ Jm¢ad H$mHo$bm Zmhs? EH$m gm[hÌ` g¨_obZmMoÒ_mZnX èd¨Vamdm¨Zs gm¨^mibo,Ì`mdois í`mgnsR>mdaÁ`m gm[h{Ì`H$m¨ZsæhQ>bo H$s, èd¨Vamd Oa í`mgnsR>mda Ambo

gm{h{Ì`H$ èd¨Vamd`èd¨Vamdm¨Zs amOH$maUmMm, g_mOH$maUmMm í`mn gm¨^miyZhs ânya

boIZ Ho$bo. Ago AgVmZm _amR>s gmaòdVm¨Zs Ì`m¨Á`m boIZmMs \$maesXIb KoVbs Zmhs. gm[hÌ` g¨_obZmMo AÝ`jnX Ì`m¨Zm H$Ys [_imboZmhs. [H©$~hwZm èd¨Vamd MíhmU amOH$maUs æhUyZ Ì`m¨Zm gm[hÌ`mÁ`mám¨VmV hmVmÁ`m A¨Vamda Ro>dË`mV Ambo. èd¨Vamdm¨Mo gm[hÌ` Ì`m¨Zs[b[hbobs J¬¨Wg¨nXm æhUOo _amR>s gm[hÌ`mVsb Aja dmL³>_` hmo`. gdª[dÛmnsR>m¨V Aå`mgH¬$_mV èd¨Vamdm¨Ms nwòVHo$ VêU [nT>sbm dmMm`bm,_hm[dÛmb`m¨VyZ Aå`mgm`bm [Xbs nm[hOoV. g_mOgodm æhUOo H$m`?amOH$maU æhUOo H$m`? ho `m ZdVêU [nT>sbm H$im`bm hdo. `mgmR>sèd¨Vamdm¨Mo í`{»$_Ïd emim-_hm[dÛmb`m¨VyZ [dÛmÐ`m«Á`mAå`mgH¬$_mV Þ`m`bm hdo.. VaM òUmé`m H$mimV H$mhs g¨òH$ma KoD$Z,XoegodoMo ~¬sX KoD$Z Mm¨Jbo ZoV¦Ìd V`ma hmoD$ eH$Vo.

ám. ZdZsV Xoe_wI

16 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

Va Amæhs í`mgnsR>mda Wm¨~Uma Zmhs.èd¨Vamdm¨Zm gm[h{Ì`H$ _¨S>isMm amoIbjmV Ambm. g¨_obZmMs gJis í`dòWm VoOmVsZo ~KV hmoVo. Xwgé`m [Xdes gm[h{Ì`H$_¨S>itÁ`m OodUmMm ~oV èd¨Vamdm¨Zs eoVmdaAm`mo[OV Ho$bm hmoVm. `m gm[h{Ì`H$mÖdiZ_¬nUo òD$Z èd¨Vamd æhUmbo, ""_s OarAmnì`mbm MmbV Zgbmo Var _bm AmnUMmbVm. æhUyZ eoVmda OodUmMm ~oV AmIbmAmho, AmnU gmé`m¨Zs Ì`mMm AmòdmXÀ`mdm.'' Ì`mdois èd¨Vamdm¨Zsgm[h{Ì`H$m¨Zm Amnì`m _moR>èm _ZmMm n[aM`[Xbm.

èd¨Vamd loïR> XOmªMo gm[h{Ì`H$ hmoVo.`mg¨X^mªV VHª$VsWª bû_Uemôs Omoes[b[hVmV, ""[dXoe _¨ÍsnX òdsH$maì`mdaÌ`m¨Zs n{îM_oH$S>sb Am[U nyd}H$S>sb amïQμ>m¨Á`m`mÍm Ho$ì`m. EH$ VéhoMs g~Ÿ n¦ÐdsáX[jUmKS>bs. _hmZÛm¨Á`m H$mR>Ms Am[U gmJa[H$Zmé`m¨daMs ehao nm[hbs. ZÛm, gamodao,O¨Jbo, CÛmZo `m¨Á`mV [dhma Ho$bm.[Za[Zamú`m amïQμ>m¨Á`m [dH$mgmMo H$m`ªH¬$_A¨_bmV Ambobo áÌ`j Adbmo[H$bo. `mgdm«Mo _moRo> a[gH$VoZo _m[_ªH$ dUªZ Ì`m¨ZsAmnì`m [d[dY boIg¨J¬hmVyZ Ho$bo Amho. VoáÌ`j áemgZmÁ`m í`mnmV ZgVo, Va_amR>sVsb ádmgdUªZmÁ`m gm[hÌ`mV Ì`m¨ZsA[ÔmV `mÍmdUªZmMs â KmVbs AgVs.Ì`m¨Á`m Ì`m `mÍmdUªZmdë$Z Ì`m¨Mo _amR>seäXH$bodarb á^wÌd áÌ``mg òVo. áÌ`jAZw^d Am[U Ì`m¨Zm Vm{ÏdH$ [M©VZmMs OmoS>

Aem VéhoMo gw^J boIZ H$aË`mVèd¨Vamdm¨Mm hmVI¨S>m hmoVm.''

gm[h[Ì`H$ æhUyZ èd¨Vamdm¨Mo `mo¾`_yì`_mnZ Pmbo Zmhs. hs I¨V ~hwYm Ì`m¨ZmhsAgmds. "`wJŸa ZoVo èd¨Vamd MíhmU' `mJ¬¨WmV "gm[h{Ì`H$ èd¨Vamd' hm ^m. b.^moio `m¨Mm boI Amho. `m boImV gwêdmVsbmM"F$UmZw~Ÿ' `m èd¨Vamdm¨Á`m J¬¨WmVsb EH$CVmam ^m. b. ^moio `m¨Zs KoVbm Amho, VmoCVmam Agm -

""nU Ì`m¨Mo _yì`_mnZ _mÍ Ì`m¨Á`mamOH$s` OsdZmÁ`m AZwf¨JmZo Pmbo Amho.Ì`m_wioM Ì`m¨Á`mda H$mhsgm AÞ`m` PmbmAmho. amOH$maUmVsb Amdoe, A[^[Zdoe,nydªJ¬h, Ì`m Ì`m H$miMo dmVmdaU `m gdm«_wioamOH$s` í`»$sMo _yì`_mnZ dòVw{Zñ>> dgmjons ZgVo. nydªJ¬hmÁ`m XmQ> N>mòZoamOH$s` _hmnwêfmMo AZoH$ gX³>JwU PmH$boOmVmV qH$dm Ì`m¨Mo Yyga XeªZ hmoVo. AZoH$XmamOH$s` nwêf Ì`m¨Á`m H$_s _hÏdmÁ`m JwUm¨Zsá{gÖ nmdVmV. æhUyZ amOH$s` _mnmZo AemAïQ>n¢by í`»$sMo _yì`_mnZ H$aUo VHª$XwïQ> dAemôr` Amho.'' (F$UmZw~Ÿ 235-6)

VmÌ`mgmho~ Ho$iH$a OÞ_eVmäXs[Z[_ÏmmZo "èd¨Vamd MíhmUm¨Zs Ho$bobo ho^mfU hmo`'. AmO hoM èd¨Vamdm¨Mo [dMmaÌ`m¨Á`m g¨X^mªVhr bmJy hmoVmV. ^m. b. ^moioèd¨Vamdm¨Á`m gm[hpÌ`H$ JwUm¨~Õb~mobVmZm [b[hVmV, ""dmL³>‘`rZ g¨òH$mamMonmWo` OÞ_â H¦$VkVmnydªH$ [_adUmao,CÌH$Q>VoZo AZw^d KoD$Z [VVŠ`mM

áÌ``H$mar e¢bsV Vo eäX~Ö H$aUmao, ^mfoda_ZmnmgyZ áo_ H$aUmao Am[U gm[hÌ`m[df`sMmoI¨Xi OmUH$mar ~miJUmao èd¨VamdamOH$s` nydªJ¬hm_wio dm _VôXm_wio Xwbª[jboOmVm H$m_m ZòV. AZoH$ amOH$maUrYwaŸam¨nojm èd¨Vamdm¨Mo doJionU ho H$s,Ì`m¨Mm Amnì`m _m`~mobsda Iyn Osd hmoVm. VoòdV: EH$ gOªZesb H$bmd¨V d CÏm_g_sjH$ hmoVo.

èd¨Vamdm¨Á`m Vmb_sV V`ma Pmboì`mZoÌ`m¨Zshs èd¨Vamdm¨Mo gm[h{Ì`H$ æhUyZdoJionU òdsH$mabo Zmhs. nwTo> gm[hÌ`mÁ`m[deofV: g_sjoÁ`m nwòVH$m¨Á`m aMZoVhsèd¨Vamdm¨Á`m gm[hÌ`mda nwaogm áH$meHw$Ë`m gm[h{Ì`H$mZo Q>mH$bobm Zmhs.bû_s~mBª [Q>iH$m¨Á`m "ò_¦[V[MÍo' `mAmÌ_M[aÍmMm OodT>m ~mob~mbm Ì`m H$mimVPmbm [H©$dm h¨gm dmS>H$a `m¨Á`m "gm¨JÌòEoH$m'Mm ~mob~mbm Pmbm, H$éhoM¨ nmUs, (á.Ho$. AÍo), _mP¨ OsdZ EH$ H$mX¨~ar (Zm. gs.\$S>Ho$) hs AmÌ_M[aÍo JmOV hmoVs. boIH$,g_sjH$, nÍH$ma doJdoJú`m Am`m_m¨Zs `mJ¬¨Wm¨da boIZ H$arV hmoVo; Ì`m á_mUmV"H¦$ïUmH$m¨R>' gm[h{Ì`H$m¨Zs nm[hOo Vgo [H©$dm"H¦$ïUmH$m¨R>'Ms Os dmL³>_`sZ XIb À`m`bmhds hmoVs Ves KoVbr Jobs Zmhs.èd¨Vamdm¨Zs AmÌ_M[aÍmMs VsZ I¨S>m¨V[d^mJUs Ho$bs hmoVs. H¦$ïUmH$m¨R>,(~mbnUmnmgyZ VmêË`mÁ`m C¨~aR>èmdaMmH$mbI¨S>), gmJaVsa (_w¼`_¨ÍsPmì`mZ¨VaMm _w¨~BªMm H$mbI¨S>) Am[U

17’o$~¬wdmar 2013

`_wZmH$mR> ([X„s òWo gäjU_¨ÍsPmì`mZ¨VaMm H$mbI¨S>) H¦$ïUmH$m¨R> hm n[hbmI¨S>M Vo [bhy eH$bo. áH¦$Vs AòdmòWm_wionwT>Mo [bImU Wm¨~bo.

gm[hÌ`mVsb dmL³>_`sZ ádmhmMoèd¨Vamdm¨Zm CÏm_ kmZ hmoVo. AmÌ_M[aÍ[b[hË`mAmYs BVa boIH$m¨Zs [b[hboì`mAmÌ_M[aÍm¨Mo Ì`m¨Zs dmMZ Ho$bo hmoVo.AmÌ_M[aÍmg¨~ŸsMs d¢[eïQ>èo gm¨JVmZm VoæhUVmV.. AmÌ_M[aÍo dmMVmZm dmMH$m¨ZsZ¢[VH$ Þ`m`mYsemMs ^y[_H$m Z KoUo ~ao,[H©$dm ""boIH$mÁ`m ImOJs OsdZm[df`sAH$maU [Okmgmhs ~miJy Zò'' ([H$Ïmm219) Agm g„mhs Vo XoVmV.AmÌ_M[aÍm[df`s Ì`m¨Mr òdV:Mr _Vo V`maPmbr hmoVr. Am`wï`mV KS>boì`m KQ>Zm¨Mo gyû_[dîbofU H$aVm òUo Â`m¨Zm òd`¨[deofUmMs dAm[dïH$mamMs gd` Amho Aem H$bmd¨VmbmMeŠ` hmoVo. òdV:Á`m OsdZmV KS>boì`m KQ>Zmág¨JmH$So> Í`òWnUo nmhË`mMs ÒïQ>sAmÌ_M[aÍH$mambm hds AgVo. "H¦$ïUmH$m¨R>' `mèd¨Vamdm¨Á`m AmÌ_M[aÍmV AmÌ_M[aÍmMogJio [ZH$f á^mdsnUo áH$Q> hmoVmZm[XgVmV. H¦$ïUmH$m¨R> (áW_md¦Ïms 7 \o$~¬wdmar1984 n¦. 53) èd¨Vamd [b[hVmV..

nwTo> nwTo> _s n¨T>anyabm OmD$Z [dÈ>bmMoXeªZ KoVmo, `m_Yo lÖoMm ^mJ [H$Vs, AgobmoH$ _bm [dMmarV. _s Ì`m¨Zm Zoh_s gm¨JVAmbmo H$s,

""_s Hw$R>ì`m EH$m XJS>mÁ`m _yVuV BªîdaAmho, Ago H$Ys _mZV Zmhs. na_oîda æhUyZHw$Us EH$ í`»$s Hw$Ro> ~gyZ Amho Am[U gdªOJ Mmb[dVo Amho, Ago _mPo _V Zmhs. na¨VwAmnì`mbm Z g_OUmar Aes EH$ O~aXòVe»$s Amho d [VMo A{òVÌd _mZUo Amdî`H$Amho, Ì`m[edm` AZoH$ JmoïQ>tMm CbJS>mMhmoV Zmhs.'' Amnì`m `m [dYmZmMo ònïQ>sH$aUH$aVmZm èd¨Vamd nwTo> [b[hVmV,

~w{ÖdmXmZo, Bªîda Amho, ho [gÖ H$aVmòV Zmhs, VgoM Vmo Zmhs, hohs [gÖ H$aVmòV Zmhs. æhUyZ Â`m [R>H$mUs eoH$S>mo df}g_mO nwêf ZV_òVH$ hmoV Ambm, VoWoZV_òVH$ hmoUo _s lo`òH$a _mZVmo, _¨[XamVOmË`mÁ`m nmR>s_mJMs _mPs ^mdZm hsM Amho.`mM ^mdZoZo VwiOmnyabm OmVmo, áVmnJS>bmOmVmo. `m_Yo Xod^moionUmMm ^mJ ZgVmo.na¨Vw ho H$aË`mZo _mÃ`m _Zmbm EH$ áH$maMoAm¨V[aH$ g_mYmZ bm^Vo, hs JmoïQ> _s H$~ybHo$bs nm[hOo.''

A[Ve` ámÖi [ZdoXZmVyZ Hw$R>ì`mhsg¨doXZesb ^mdZobm Y¹$m bmJy Zò hsKoVbobs XjVm "H¦$ïUmH$m¨R>' `m AmÌ_M[aÍmMod¢[eïQ>è hmo`. gmao AmÌ_M[aÍ `m Aem ámÖi[ZdoXZmZo Am[U gai _mZ[gH$VoZo AmoW¨~yZdmhVmZm [XgVo.

gùmÑsMo dmao Am[U `wJm¨Va èd¨Vamdm¨Á`m [ZdS>H$ í`m¼`mZm¨Ms hs

XmoZ nwòVHo$ hmoV. 1957 Vo 1961 `mH$mimV èd¨Vamdm¨Zs Os ^mfUo [Xbs Vs"gùmÑsMo dmao' `m_Yo g_m[dïQ> H$aË`mVAmbs AmhoV. _hmamïQμ>emgZmZo 26 OmZodmar1962 amoOr ho nwòVH$áH$m[eV Ho$bo. èd¨VamdMíhmU EH$ ÑïQo> gm[h{Ì`H$,[dMmad¨V Am[U g_sjH$æhUyZ `m ^mfUm¨VyZ g_moaòVmV. èd¨Vamdm¨Ms hs^mfUo æhUOo Ì`m¨Á`mns.E.Zr [b[hbobs ^mfUoZíhoV [H©$dm áemgH$s`godoVsb EImÛm A[YH$mé`mZonS>ÛmAmS> [b[hbobs ^mfUoZíhoV. `mVsb áÌòH$ ^mfUmVyZ èd¨VamdS>moH$mdVmV. _hmamïQμ> KS>[dVmZm Ì`m¨ZmAno[jV Aes g_mOí`dòWm, Ì`m¨Ms XyaÒïQ>s,Ì`m¨Ms H$ìnH$Vm EdTo>M ZíhoVa [dH$mgmH$So>_hmamïQμ>mbm ZoVmZm bmJUmar _ybJm_sCnm``moOZmhs Vo gwMdVmV.ZdnXdsYam¨H$Sy>Z Anojm, _hmamïQμ>mÁ`m^[dVí`mMs g\$a, [d[dYVoVsb EH$Vm`mgma¼`m boIm¨_YyZ èd¨Vamdm¨Ms í`mnH$X¦ïQ>s, gH$mamÌ_H$ [M©VZesbVm Am[U^[dï`mMm doY KoUmar _ZmoesbVm `m¨Mo XeªZKS>Vo. _hmamïQμ>mMs í`mâs, _hmamïQμ>mMm [dòVma,[d[dYVoVsb EH$Vm ho gm¨JVmZm Ì`m¨Ms e¢bsH$mí`_` hmoVo.

""_hmamðμ>mMm eoVH$ar æhUOo Vw_Á`mAm_Á`m Q>mnyVsb bmoH$ [H¨$dm Vw_Mo Am_MoZmVodmBªH$ ZíhoV. n¨MJ¨JoÁ`m Am[U H¦$ïUoÁ`mH$mR>mbm H$m_ H$aUmam Ogm _amR>m eoVH$arAmho, VgmM R>mË`mMm, Hw$bmä`mÁ`m ~mOybmgwaoI eoVs H$aUmam AmJar eoVH$ar Amho;Am[U dgBªÁ`m AdVs^dVs gw¨Xa ~mJm`V d^mVeoVs H$aUmam [½îMZ eoVH$arhs Amho.aÌZm[JarÁ`m ^mJmbm JobmV Va VoWoAmnUmbm Hw$Um eoVH$é`mMs ~mJ gmnSo>bAm[U da ImZXoeÁ`m ~mOybm Omb Va

AmaemgmaIs òdÁN> eoVs H$aUmam bodmnmQ>sXma eoVH$ar Amnì`mbm ôQo>b. gJú`mZÛm¨Á`m H$mR>mZo [\$am... Am[U _J...doJdoJú`m O_mVsVyZ Ambobo ho gdª eoVH$arAmhoV. eoVsVyZ gmoZo [Z_mªU H$aUmé`mH$ïQ>H$ar eoVH$é`m¨Mo [MÍ Amho. ~hwOZ g_mO`mMm AWª Amnbs EH$ O_mV Am[U AmnboH$mhs nmíhUoamdio Agm Oa H$moUs g_O H$aVAgVsb Va Vs MwH$sMs H$ìnZm Amho.

eoVH$é`mMs Am[U ~hwOZg_mOmMsí`m¼`m H$aVmZm èd¨Vamdm¨Ms X¦ïQ>s

gdªg_mdoeH$ Aes [XgyZòVo. H$ïQ> H$aUmam, Km_JmiUmam, H$mú`m _mVsVgmoZoMm¨Xs [nH$dUmam áÌòH$hmV hm eoVH$é`mMm hmo`."gùmÑsMo dmao' `mVsbboIm¨Mm Jm¢ad H$aVmZm adtÑ[H©$~hwZo æhUVmV, ""hm^mfU g¨J¬h _amR>s _ZmZonm[hboì`m C‚db^[dVí`mÁ`m òdàZm¨Mm_m¢[bH$ XòVEodO hmo`.''Zd_hmamïQμ>mÁ`m [Z[_ªVsMs

Ywam èd¨Vamdm¨Zs _moR>èm [ZïRo>Zo dm[hbs.CXma _mZdVmdmXs X¦{ïQ>H$moZmVyZ gJimg_mO EH$[OZgs H$aË`mMo òdàZ Ì`m¨Zsnm[hbo.

"`wJm¨Va' `m J¬¨WmV èd¨VamdOtMs1962 Vo 1969 `m H$mbI¨S>mV Ì`m¨Zs[Xbobs ^mfUo g¨J¬hrV Ho$bs AmhoV. 1962gmbs "[h¨Xs [MZs ^mBª ^mBª' æhUV MsZZo^maVmda AmH¬$_U Ho$bo. òdmV¨Î`[_imì`mZ¨Va Xoem¨VJªVM Iyn g_ò`mAmíhmZ æhUyZ Cå`m hmoÌ`m. Ì`mV MsZMoAmH¬$_U. òdmV¨Î` [_imì`mZ¨Va n[hì`m¨XmMnaH$s` AmH¬$_UmMo gmdQ> ^maVmnwTo> Côam[hbo. n¨[S>V Zohë$ [M¨VmH¬$m¨V hmoVo. Ì`m¨Zsèd¨Vamd MíhmUm¨Zm gäjU_¨Ís æhUyZVm~S>Vmo~ ~mobmdyZ KoVbo. _hmamðμ>mÁ`m_w¼`‘¨ÍsnXmda Agbobo èd¨Vamd jUmMmhs[db¨~ Z bmdVm [Xìbsbm admZm Pmbo.OmVmZm _¨w~BªÁ`m Mm¢nmQ>sda Ì`m¨Zs ^mfUHo$bo. Ì`mV Vo æhUmbo, gäjU‘¨ÍrnXmMr ‘moR>rhmd Amho æhUyZ Zího, Va XoemMr hmH$ dXoemÁ`m ZoÌ`mZo ‘mabobr hmH$ Ambr` æhUyZEH$ g¢{ZH$ ~ZyZ AmnU {X„rbm OmVAmhmoV.

ámW[_H$ [ejUmMm [dMma, ghH$ma joÍmMs

18 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

g_sH$aUo, bmoH$^mfm, _mV¦^mfoMm [dMma,gm_m[OH$ joÍmVsb AmOMs AmíhmZo,XoemVsb AÞZYmÞ`mMo áîZ, Vm¨[ÍH$-[dkmZ-[dH$mgmÁ`m ~m~s `m [df`m¨da gImob[M©VZ "`wJm¨Va'_Ysb boIm¨VyZ AmT>iVo.h¢Ñm~mX òWo âboì`m _amR>sgm[hÌ` g¨_obZmVgm[hpÌ`H$m¨H$Sy>Z Am[UAmOÁ`m boIH$m¨H$Sy>Z^maVmMs AI¨S>Vm,EH$mÌ_Vm A~m[YVam[hbs nm[hOo hm [dMma_m¨S>VmZm Ì`m¨Zs gm¨[JVboH$s, [OÕsZo Cå`m am[hboì`m^maV XoemÁ`m gm_Ð`ª-g¨dYªZmMo H$m_ gm[h{Ì`H$m¨Zs Ho$bonm[hOo. gm[h{Ì`H$m¨Zs Ì`m¨Á`m AZw^dmÁ`m_`mªXm AmhoV Ì`mnojm A[YH$ [dòV¦V Ho$ì`mnm[hOoV, Aes Anojmhs Ì`m¨Zr í`ŠV Ho$bs.

^y[_H$m"`wJm¨Va'Z¨Va OdiOdi 10 dfm«Zs

áH$m[eV Pmbobo "^y[_H$m' ho èd¨Vamdm¨Mo[Vgao ^mfUmMo nwòVH$. 1966 Vo 1979 `mH$mbI¨S>mVsb H$mhs [ZdS>H$ ^mfUm¨Mm `mVg_mdoe Amho. `m ^mfUm¨~amo~a H$mhs_wbmIVs¨da AmYmabobo Am[U òdV¨Í AgoboIhs AmhoV. ^mfUo [H©$dm _wbmIVs `mòdë$nmV OemÁ`m Vem Z XoVm Ì`m¨Mo ë$nm¨VaAm[U g¨nmXZ H$aË`mV Ambo Amho. òdV:Am[U nj `m XmoÞhs~m~V èd¨Vamdm¨Zs Oo~m¨[YbH$sMo amOH$maU Ho$bo. Ì`mMo n[aUm_ dá[V[H¬$`m "^y[_H$m'Vsb ^mfUm¨_YyZ OmUdVo."^y[_H$m'_Ysb boIm¨Mo d¢[eïQ>è [deXH$aVmZm S>m±. Eg. Eg. ^mogbo gm¨JVmV,""AÌ`¨V __ªkVoZo, H$mQo>H$moa gmdYnUobmoH$_Zmbm diU XoD$Z Zd[Z[_ªVsMogOªZesb H$m`ª H$aË`mMs èd¨Vamdm¨Ms^y[_H$m Amho; Am[U MVwa amOH$maUs,e¢bsXma d»$m d gmdY gwYmaH$ `m _mÝ`_-Í`s_YyZ Ì`m¨Zs [VMs am~dUyH$ Ho$bs Amho.g_mOmÁ`m aMZmndmªV Zí`m [dMmam¨Ms,kmZmMs d _yì`m¨Ms â Q>mH$V amhUo ho[dMmad¨V, gm[h{Ì`H$, amOH$maUs `m¨Mo n[hbod eodQ>Mo H$Vªí` AgVo, ho èd¨Vamdm¨Á`m"^y[_H$m'Mo òVa hmo`.''

"F$UmZw~Ÿ' hm èd¨Vamdm¨Mm J¬¨WdoJú`m Am`m_mMm J¬¨W Amho. Ì`m¨ZmôQ>boì`m í`»$s, MQ>H$m bmdyZ Joboì`mí`»$s, Ì`m¨Á`m ò_¦Vs, Va H$Ys EImÛm

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H$m`? "F$UmZw~Ÿ'_Ysb Ì`m¨Mo á[V[~©~ hogm[Oao-Jmo[Oao, bmo^gdmUo Am[U ágÞZ_YwaAmho.

CÌH¦$ïQ> áòVmdZmèd¨Vamdm¨Zs AZoH$ nwòVH$m¨Zm CÌH¦$ïQ>

áòVmdZm [b[hì`m. [d[dY áH$maÁ`m gm[hÌ`H¦$VtMo dmMZ [Zdm¨VnUo d [dMmanydªH$ _ZZH$ë$Z [H$VsVar nwòVH$m¨Zm Ì`m¨Zs _m¢[bH$áòVmdZm [bhyZ [Xì`m. Ì`mVsb H$mhs nwòVHo$Aes ...1) nwòVH$mMo Zmd … H$_ªdsa ^mD$amd nmQ>sb,boIH$mMo Zmd … _m. [^. H$mQ>H$a, áH$meZ dfª… 1982.2) bmoH$gm[hÌ` … gmO[eUJma,g¨nmXH$ … S>m±. gamo[OZs ~m~a, áH$meZ dfª…1964. 3) g¨Kfª (B¨[Xam JmŸs `m¨Á`mOsdZmdarb H$mX¨~ar), g¨nmXZ … _sZm Omoes áH$meZ dfª … 1982. 4) I¨So>amd ~mJb `m¨Mo[ZdS>H$ boI, g¨nmXH$ … ^mBª _mYdamd

~mJb, áH$meZ dfª … 1976. 5) bVm(Jm¢adJ¬¨W), g¨nmXH$ … gamo[OZs d¢Û, em¨VmeoiHo$, áH$meZ dfª …1967. 6) òda(H$mí`g¨J¬h), H$dr gwYmëy (h. Z. Omoes),áH$meZ dfª … 1970. 7) gy`ªnÏ, ám. ~m.h. H$ì`mUH$a, áH$meZ dfª … 1984. 8)^maVmMs amÂ`KQ>Zm, Î`¨~H$ H¦$ïU Q>mono. 9)NÍ>nVs [edamO (_hmH$mí`), `. [h. n|T>maH$a(èd¨V), áH$meZ dfª … 1968. 10)[hamo[e_m, ^m. X. Ioa, áH$meZ dfª … 1984.11) ^y[_nwÍ, amOm _¨JidoTo>H$a, áH$meZdfª … 1977. 12) ls. OJOsdZam_ í`»$sAm[U [dMma, S>m±. á^mH$a _mMdo, áH$meZ dfª… 1977. 13) AR>ameo gÏmmdZMm _hmamðμ>,nwêfmoÏm_ nm¨Sw>a¨J JmoIbo, áH$meZ dfª …1957. 14) A_¦VnwÍ, ^m. X. Ioa, áH$meZdfª … 1970. 15) bmoH$_mÞ` [Q>iH$ M[aÍ`wJH$Vmª, g[dVm ^mdo, áH$meZ dfª … 1984

`m[edm` AmUIs [H$VsVar nwòVH$m¨Zmèd¨Vamdm¨Zs áòVmdZm [b[hì`m AmhoV.boImMs _`mªXm bjmV KoVm gdª nwòVH$m¨MmAm[U áòVmdZm¨Mm OmJoA^mds C„oI H$aVmòV Zmhs.

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èd¨Vamdm¨Ms J¬¨Wg¨nXm - 1. Amnbo Zdo_w¨~Bª amÂ` (B.g.1957), 2. F$UmZw~Ÿ(AmÌ_M[aÍna boI) (1975), 3.H¦$ïUmH$m¨R> (AmÌ_M[aÍ 1bm I¨S>) (1984),4. ^y[_H$m (1979), 5. _hmamïQμ> amÂ`[Z[_ªVs [dYo`H$ (1960), 6. [dXoe XeªZ -(èd¨Vamd `m¨Zs naXoemhyZ gm¢.doUyVmB«gnmR>[dboì`m [ZdS>H$ nÍm¨Mm g¨J¬h)(1988),

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A[ÔmV ^mfoMm XOmª {‘iË`mgmR>r^mfm¨Zm A[ÔmV ^mfoMm XOmª XoË`mgmR>s H|$Ñ emgZmZoH$mhs [ZH$f [Z{îMV Ho$bo AmhoV. `m [ZH$fm¨Zm AZwgë$Z_amR>s ^mfobm A[ÔmV ^mfoMm XOmª H$gm ámâ H$ë$Z KoVmòBªb `mgmR>s emgZmZo ám. a¨JZmW nR>mao `m¨Á`mAÝ`jVoImbs g[_Vs J[R>V Ho$bs Amho. `m g[_Vs_Ýò

emgH$s` d AemgH$s` Ago EHy$U 16 gXò` AmhoV. `m g[_VsÁ`mAmVmn`«V 6 ~¢R>H$m Pmì`m AmhoV. _gwXm V`ma H$aË`mgmR>s [Z`w»$H$aË`mV Amboì`m VÂkm¨Á`m Cng[_VsÁ`m AmVmn`«V 18 ~¢R>H$m KoË`mVAmì`m AmhoV. `m g[_VsH$Sy>Z _gwXm V`ma H$aË`mMo H$m_ A¨[V_ Q>àà`mVAmho. gXò`m¨H$Sy>Z _gwXm A¨[V_ Ho$ì`mZ¨Va bdH$amV bdH$a hm Ahdmbg[_Vs_m\ª$V emgZmg gmXa H$aË`mV òBªb. `m g[_VsH$Sy>Z Ahdmb ámâPmì`mZ¨Va Ì`mg emgZmMs _mÞ`Vm KoD$Z áòVmd H|$Ñ emgZmgnmR>[dË`mMs H$m`ªdmhs H$aË`mV òUma Amho.

21’o$~¬wdmar 2013

_amR>s í`wÌnÏms H$moe - ám. am_Xmg S>m¨Jo/ g¨VdMZm¨Mo AZwdmX - am_Xmg ^Q>H$i,Am¨Va^maVs AZwdmX gw{dYm H|$Ñ /dMZH$moe - S>m±. AemoH$ Ho$iH$a / Ab¨H$ma ddof^yfm H$moe - S>m±. dfmª Omoes / ImÛg¨òH¦$Vs H$moe - ls_VsAZwn_m COJao / _amR>sdmL>³_` H$moe - ám. [XbsnYm|S>Jo / _amR>s ZmQ>H$ Am[Ua¨J^y_sMm B[Vhmg - ám. XÏmm^JV / AmYw[ZH$ _hmamïQµ>mMmB[Vhmg - S>m±. Ho$. Ho$. Mm¢Yar`má_mUo áòVm[dV áH$ìnm¨MoH$m_ g¨~¨[YV Z_yX VÂkm¨H$So>gmon[dË`mV Ambo Amho.

{dîdH$moeE Þ g m ` Š b m o [ n S > s ` m

[~¬Q>m[ZH$mÁ`m YVuda _amR>sVyZ gm_mÞ`_mUgmbm kmZ nmohmoM[dË`mMs J¬¨Wë$nsMidi, [düdmVsb gmao eäX, Ì`m_mJMmB[Vhmg, ^yJmob, VÏdkmZ, [dkmZ_amR>sVyZ kmZmWvZm [_imdo `m _w¼` CÕoemZo_amR>s [düdH$moe [Z[_ªVs _¨S>imMs òWmnZmH$aË`mV Ambs Amho.

Zdo CnH¬$‘_amR>s [düdH$moe I¨S> 20 Mo áH$meZ

Am[U I¨S> 14 Vo 18 _hmOmbH$mda bmoH$mnªUH$aUo.

[düdH$moemMo AÛ`mdVsH$aUmgmR>s

ZdsZ Zm|XgyMs, Zm|Xs AÛ`mdV H$aUo dZdsZ Zm|XUsMo boIZ H$aUo.

Hw$_ma [düdH$moe I¨S>-2 ^mJ-2 MoboIZ, g¨nmXZ.

Hw$_ma [düdH$moe I¨S>-3 ([düd Am[Un¦Ðds) Mo boIZ Am[Ug¨nmXH$s` H$m_ H$aUo.

Hw$_ma [düdH$moe I¨S>-4(ámMsZ g¨òH¦$Vs) Mo boIZAm[U g¨nmXH$s` H$m_ H$aUo.

Hw$_ma [düdH$moe I¨S>-9(b[bV H$bm) Mo boIZ Am[Ug¨nmXH$s` H$m_ H$aUo.amÂ` ‘amR>r {dH$mg g¨òWm1 _o 1992 amoOs `m

g¨òWoMs òWmnZm H$aË`mV AmbsAmho. _w¼`_¨Ís ho `m g¨òWoMo

nX[gÖ AÝ`j d embo` [ejU _¨Ís honX[gÖ CnmÝ`j AmhoV. g¨òWoMo H$m_H$mO[VÁ`m [Z`m_H$ _¨S>imÁ`m gìì`mZwgmaMmbVo.

[d[dY joÍm¨V hmoUmam _amR>sMm dmnaA[YH$m[YH$ JwUdÏmmnyUª hmoV OmË`mgmR>s d_amR>s ^mfoÁ`m A[^d¦ÖsMs á[H¬$`m[Z`moOZnydªH$ J[V_mZ H$aË`mgmR>s [d[dYáH$maMo CnH¬$_ `m `moOZoA¨VJªV KoË`mVAmbo AmhoV.

Zdo CnH¬$‘`w[ZH$moS> Q¨>H$ _w»$ómoV òdë$nmV

CnbäY H$ë$Z XoUo.^maVmV VgoM naXoemV _amR>sgmR>s H$m`ª

H$aUmé`m _¨S>im¨[df`s g[dòVa _m[hVsAgbobs nw{òVH$m _amR>s, [h©Xs d B¨J¬Os `m[VÞhs ^mfm¨_Ýò áH$m[eV H$aUo.

naám¨VmVyZ Am[U BVa Xoem¨VyZ ZmoH$ard n`ªQ>Z `m[Z[_ÏmmZo òUmé`m bmoH$m¨ZmòWm[ZH$ bmoH$mës g¨dmX gmYUo eŠ` íhmdo `mÒïQ>sZo í`dhmamon`moJs _amR>s nw{òVH$m dAm±[S>Amo gsS>sMs [Z[_ªVs H$aUo.

AZwdmXmMo á[ejU [_i[dË`mgmR>sAZwdmX á[ejU áH$ìn am~[dUo.

_moS>s ^mfoMo XodZmJarH$aU áòVm[dVAmho.

Xmg~moY `m J¬¨WmMo lmí` nwòVH$mVë$nm¨Va H$ë$Z emgZmÁ`m g¨Ho$VòWimdaCnbäY H$ë$Z XoUo.

d¢ÛH$s` í`dhmamV _amR>s, dô[Z[_ªVs_m[hVsH$moe I¨S>-4, _amR>s J¬¨WgyMs, _amR>s^m[fH$ Q>àno - gsS>s, g¨òWoH$Sy>Z áH$m[eVPmboì`m áH$meZm¨Mo nwZ_wªÑU d B-nwòVHo$,_mZí` [dÛm[df`H$ nwòVH$m¨Mm AZwdmX.

òd. èd¨Vamd MíhmUOÞ_eVmäXs{Z{‘Ïm Ì`m¨Á`m OsdZmdarbnwòVH$m¨Mo lmí`nwòVH$mV ë$nm¨Va H$ë$ZemgZmÁ`m g¨Ho$VòWimda CnbäY H$ë$ZXoUo.

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(nmZ 18 dë$Z) boI - 1968), 2. CÛmMm _hmamïQµ> - (^mfUnw{òVH$m -1960), 3. H$m²J¬ogÁ`m _mJoM Cô amhm - Am¢a¨Jm~mX òWsb^mfU - nw{òVH$m, 4. H$moH$U [dH$mgmMs [Xem (H$moH$U[dH$mgmMo èd¨Vamd MíhmU `m¨Zs Ho$bobo [ddoMZ -nw{òVH$m -1960), 5. J.dm._mdi¨H$a ò_maH$í`m¼`mZ_mbo_Ýò "áÌ`j Am¨XmobZ Am¢a g¨gXs`bmoH$V¨Í" `m [df`mdarb í`m¼`mZ, (nw{òVH$m - 1961),6. OsdZmMo [düdë$n : H$mhs lÖm, H$mhs N¨>X (nw{òVH$m -1973), 7. nÍ - g¨dmX (g¨nmXH$: g._m.JJ} - 2002),8. njmda A^¨J [ZïR>m (amOH$maUmVsb _mPs ^y[_H$m-nw{òVH$m), 9. _hmamïQµ>- æh¢gya gs_m áîZ (nw{òVH$m -1960), 10. _hmamïQµ>mMs YmoaU gyMs - (nw{òVH$m -1960), 11. èd¨Vamd MíhmUm¨Ms _hÏdnyUª ^mfUo - gÏmarÁ`mXeH$mMm ew^ma¨^ - 1971, 12. `wJm¨Va ([ZdS>H$ ^mfUm¨Mm g¨J¬h -1970), 13. bmoH$m¨Mo g_mYmZ hsM èòds amÂ`H$ma^mamMs H$gmoQ>s

(amÂ`mÁ`m 41 [Oìùm¨Á`m H$boŠQ>a n[afXonwTo> Ho$boì`m ^mfUmMsnw{òVH$m- 1957), 14. dMZnyVuMo amOH$maU - A[Ib ^maVs`

H$m²J¬ogÁ`m \$[aXm~mX d ~¨Jbmoa A[YdoeZmVsb XmoZ ^mfUo(nw{òVH$m - 1969), 15. [dMmaYmam - (^mfU g¨J¬h -1960), 16. [dX^mªMm [dH$mg (_hmamïQµ>mMo H$V¦ªÌd OmJoHo$bo nm[hOo) -(^mfU nw{òVH$m - 1960), 17. eäXmMogm_Ð`ª ( ^mfUo - 2000; g¨nmXH$ : am_ áYmZ), 18.[edZoarÁ`m Zm¢~Vs (^mfU g¨J¬h) - VidiH$a Jmo[d©X d[b_ò A.h. - 1961, 19. gùmÑsMo dmao (^mfU g¨J¬h -1962) hdmE² gùm[ÑH$s, (gùmÑsMo dmao `m nwòVH$mMm[h©Xs ^mfoV AZwdmX), 20. India's foreign Policy -

1978, 21. The Making of India's ForeignPolicy - 1980, 22. Winds of Change - 1973

g¨nHª$ … 8600676556rr

gm{hpÌ`H$ èd¨Vamd

22

amR>s ^mfm Am[U g¨òH¦$Vs[dH$mgmgmR>s òdV¨Í amÂ`mMs_mJUs H$ë$Z _hmamïQμ>mÁ`m

OZVoZo XsKªH$mi bT>m [Xbm. Ì`mZ¨Va 1 _o1960 amoOs òdV¨Í _hmamïQμ> amÂ` A{òVÌdmVAmbo. ^maVmMo n¨VáYmZ n¨[S>V OdmhabmbZohë$ `m¨Á`m hòVo òdV¨Í amÂ`mMs _whyVª_oT>amodbs Jobs. Zm_Xma èd¨Vamd MíhmU_amR>s ^m[fH$ òdV¨Í amÂ`mMo n[hbo _w¼`_¨ÍsPmbo. _hmamïQμ> amÂ`mÁ`m CX³KmQ>Zgmohú`mág¨Js _hmamïQμ> amÂ`mÁ`m [dH$mgmMoòdàZ ònïQ> H$aVmZm _w¼`_¨Ís æhUyZ Ho$boì`mAmnì`m n[hì`mM ^mfUmV èd¨Vamd MíhmUæhUmbo hmoVo H$s, ""_hmamïQμ> hs ^y_s AZoH$g¨V, namH¬$_s dsa, Ì`mJs g_mO gwYmaH$ d[dÜmZ Xoe^»$ `m¨Á`m dmòVí`mZo nwZsVPmbobs Amho. g¨V kmZoüda, N>ÍnVs [edmOs_hmamO, _hmÌ_m Omo[V~m \w$bo d bmoH$_mÞ`

[Q>iH$ hs Am_Ms ám[V[Z[YH$ áVrHo$ AmhoV.Ì`m¨ZsM _hmamïQμ>mÁ`m g¨òH¦$VsMs OmonmgZmHo$bs d [VMm dmagm Amnì`m hmVs [Xbm. hmA_mob Ro>dmAmnì`m

÷X`mV OnyZ Ro>dUo d Ì`mMm [dH$mg H$aUo, hoáÌòH$ _amR>s _mUgmMo AmÛ H$Vªí` R>aVo.AmO Amnbo _amR>s ^mfs amÂ` òWmnZ hmoVAgVmZm Amnì`m XoemMs ââmQ> H$aË`mg dÌ`mMs H$sVu [XJ¨V nga[dË`mg Amnboe{»$gdªòd XoD$ Aes Amnì`mn¢H$s áÌòH$mZo

á[Vkm Ho$bs nm[hOo."" `má[VkoZwgma _hmamïQμ> emgZmZo

19 Zmoíh|~a 1960 amoOs"_hmamïQμ> amÂ` gm[hÌ` Am[Ug¨òH¦$Vs _¨S>i" òWmnZ Ho$bo.

VHª$VsWª bû_UemôsOmoes `m¨Á`m

AÝ`jVoImbs XhmgXò`m¨Ms g[_Vs

òWmnZ H$aË`mV Ambs.Ì`mV gdªls

_hm_hmonmÝ`m` [d. [d.[_ames, S>m±. E. E_.KmQ>Jo, ámMm`ª[XZH$a H$d}, ám.JmodYªZ narI, S>m±.

ns. E_. Omoes, ám.Z. a. ’$mQ>H$, ám. dm. b.

Hw$bH$Uu á^¦{V _mÞ`dam¨Mm g_mdoe hmoVm.J¬¨W áH$meZ

_hmamïQμ> amÂ` gm[hÌ` Am[U g¨òH¦$Vs_¨S>imÁ`m gwdUª_hmoÌgds dmQ>MmbsV _¨S>imZo

AZoH$ _m¢[bH$ J¬¨Wm¨Mo áH$meZ H$ë$Z_hmamïQμ>mÁ`m gm[hÌ` [dH$mgmV _moRo> `moJXmZ[Xbo Amho. ám. AemoH$ amZSo> [b[IV"òQ±>[dÞòH$sMo gm¨Jr[VH$ gm£X`ªemô', S>m±. dm.[d. [_ames [b[IV "H$m[bXmg', "eoŠg[nAan[aM` J¬¨W', "_hmÌ_m \w$bo g_J¬ dmL>³_`',"S>m±. ~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oS>H$a Jm¢ad J¬¨W', S>m±. g¨.J. _mbeo [b[IV "gm[hÌ` [gÖmÞV',"H$m¢[Q>bs` AWªemô', òdmV¨Î`dsagmdaH$am¨Mo "^mfmewÖs', "g¨nyUª JS>H$ar'(^mJ 1, 2), "AmJaH$a dmL>³_` I¨S>',"_hmÌ_m JmŸs-adtÑZmW R>mHy$a', "^maVs`[bnsMo _m¢[bH$ EH$ë$n', "gm[dÍs~mBª \w$bog_J¬ dmL>³_`', "J¬sH$ emoH$ZmQ>èo', "H$boMs_ybVÏdo', "~wÖbsbm gmag¨J¬h', "\$mgu-_amR>s AZw~Ÿ', "Ho$edgwVm¨Ms H$[dVm'(`Wm_yb Amd¦Ïms) gmaIo J¬¨W _amR>sgmaòdVmVsb XsnòV¨^ æhUyZ AmoiIboOmVmV.

H$moe áH$meZEH$[dgmdo eVH$ ho kmZ-[dkmZmÁ`m

[dò\$moQ>mMo eVH$ æhUyZ AmoiIbo OmVo. Â`m^mfoVsb g¨X^ª dmL>³_` loïR> Vs g_¦ÖkmZ^mfm. `m X¦¦ïQ>sZo _¨S>imZo òWmnZonmgyZM[d[dY áH$maÁ`m H$moe [Z[_ªVsda â [XbmAmho. òdV¨Í _amR>s [düdH$moe _¨S>i òWmnZH$ë$Z _hmamïQμ> emgZmZo _amR>s [düdH$moemMo19 I¨S> [gÖ H$ë$Z [h©XsZ¨Va [düdH$moe

S>m±. gwZsbHw$_ma bdQo>

‘ _amR>s ^mfm, g¨òH¦$Vs d B[VhmgmÁ`m gëmoYZmWª áH$ìn hmVs KoUo, `mg¨X^mªVsb J¬¨W áH$m[eV H$aUo, _amR>s J¬¨W, M[aÍo, [Z`VH$m[bHo$,eäXH$moe B. g¨X^ª J¬¨W áH$m[eV H$aUo, [düd^mfm¨Vsb loïR> J¬¨Wm¨Ms_amR>s ^mfm¨Vao áH$m[eV H$aUo, _amR>s gm[hÌ` [dH$mgmÁ`m ZdZdsZ kmZ-[dkmZ emIm¨Mm emoY KoUo, _hmamïQμ>mÁ`m gm_m[OH$, amOH$s`, gm¨òH¦$[VH$Am[U gm[h{Ì`H$ OS>UKS>UsMm B[Vhmg [b[hUo Am{U BVa dmL³>‘`rZCnH¬$‘ am~dyZ ‘hmamïQμ>mVrb gm{hÌ` Am{U gm¨òH¦${VH$ CnH¬$‘m¨Zm MmbZmXoË`mgmR>r amÂ` gm{hÌ` Am{U g¨òH¦$Vr ‘¨S>imMr òWmnZm H$aË`mV Ambr._¨S>imZo Joì`m 50 dfm«V `m AZwf¨JmZo _moRo> H$m`ª Ho$bo Amho.

‘hmamðμ>mMo gm¨òH¦${VH$ g¨{MV

’o$~¬wdmar 2013

23’o$~¬wdmar 2013

Agbobs amÂ`^mfm æhUyZ Jm¢ad ámâ Ho$bmAmho. gm[hÌ` Am[U g¨òH¦$Vs _¨S>imZoAm`wd}X, _amR>s dmL>³_`, eäX B. H$moem¨Ms[Z[_ªVs H$ë$Z H$moe dmL>³_` joÍmV _mobmMo`moJXmZ [Xbo Amho. AZwdmX gm[hÌ`H$moemgmaIo AZoH$ H$moe gÝ`m Aámâ AmhoV.Ì`m¨Mo nwZ_wªÑU Ìd[aV hmoUo JaOoMo Amho.

^mfm¨Vam¨Mo áH$meZXodmUKodmUsVyZ g¨òH¦$Vs [dH$[gV hmoV

AgVo Ves ^mfmhs. òd^mfoV na^mfs dmL>³_ÀZwdm[XV hmoD$Z Ambo H$s AZw^d, e¢bsd¢[MÎ`, ^mfm á`moJ BÌ`mXsÁ`m H$jmê¨XmdVmV. OJâ B¨J¬Os ^mfoVyZ òd^mfoV^mfm¨Vam¨Ms _moR>s na¨nam Amho. gm[hÌ` Am[Ug¨òH¦$Vs _¨S>imZo B[Vhmg, gm[hÌ`, ZmQ>H$,H$mX¨~ar, H$mí` B. [d[dY áH$maMo A[ÔmVgm[hÌ` _amR>sV ^mfm¨V[aV H$ë$Z KoD$ZáH$m[eV Ho$bo Amho. Þ`m`_yVu amZSo> `m¨Á`mRise of Maratha Power, AmZ¨X [_lm`m¨Á`m Nanasaheb Peshwa and Fight

for Freedom, [ZH$mbmAmo _Zw¹$sÁ`mStoria Do Mogar Ms _amR>s ^mfm¨VaoáH$m[eV Ho$bs Amho. g¨òH¦$V_YyZ "âV_wZrMoZmQ>èemô', "_wÑmamjg' a[e`Z_YyZgwJªZodÁ`m "Father and Son' H$mX¨~arMmAZwdmX, CXyª_YyZ Om\$a ear\$Á`m "H$mZyZ-B-Bòbm_'Mo ^mfm¨Va Aes _moR>s na¨nam Amho._amR>s gm[hÌ`mV AmO B¨J¬Os b[bVgm[hÌ`H¦$VtÁ`m AZwdmXmMs _moR>s bmQ> AmbsAgyZ _amR>s áH$meH$ `mda Ah‘h[_Ho$Zoòdma hmoV AgVmZm AmnUmg ho [dgë$ZMmbUma Zmhs H$s `m ^mfm¨Va `wJmMm nm`mgm[hÌ` Am[U g¨òH¦$Vs _¨S>imZo nÞZmgdfm«nydu KmVbm hmoVm. AmO Ho$di B¨J¬Os^mfm¨Vao hmoVmV. `m nmüdª^y_sda _¨S>imMo ^mfmd¢^d d d¢[dÝ` bjmV KoË`mgmaIo Amho.

Eo[Vhm[gH$ J¬¨Wm¨Mo áH$meZ_hmamïQμ> amÂ`mÁ`m òWmnZoZ¨Va ho _¨S>i

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24 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

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Bª-_ob : [email protected]

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_hmamïQμ> amÂ` gm[hÌ` Am[U g¨òH¦$Vs_¨S>i, Xwgam _Obm, adtÑ ZmQ>è _¨[XaB_maV, nw.b. Xoenm¨So> H$bm AH$mX_s Amdma,g`mZs amoS>, á^mXods, _w¨~Bª - 400 025.

XyaÝdZs 022- 24325931\±$Šg 022- 24325931g¨Ho$VòWi -http://mahasahityasan-

skriti.in

Bª-_ob- [email protected]

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25’o$~¬wdmar 2013

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1 _o 1960 amoOs _hmamïQμ>mMs òWmnZm Pmì`mZ¨Va _amR>s hs amÂ`mMs amO^mfm Agob Ago Kmo[fV H$aË`mV Ambo.Ì`mZwgma amO^mfm _amR>sMm emgZ í`dhmamV dmna H$aË`m~m~VMo YmoaU am~dË`mgmR>s 6 Owb¢ 1960 amoOr

^mfm g¨MmbZmb`mMs òWmnZm H$aË`mV Ambr.

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[dÏms` eäXmdbs `m XmoZ eäXmdì`mhsáH$m[eV Pmì`m AmhoV.

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Amdî`H$ n[a^mfm KS>[dUo, eäXmdì`m V`ma H$aUo. H|$Ñs` d amÂ` A[Y[Z`_, [Z`_ `m¨Mm _amR>s AZwdmX H$aUo,Vmo nwòVH$ òdë$nmV VgoM g¨Ho$VòWimda OZVobm CnbäY H$ë$Z XoUo. H|$ÑmÁ`m [Í^mfmgyÍmZwgma _amR>s ^mfoMmdmna hmoV Agì`mMo nmhUo. amïQμ>s` EoŠ`mgmR>s _amR>s g¨km d [h©Xs g¨km `m¨Á`mV [h©Xses EH$ë$nVm Ro>dË`mMm á`ÌZH$aUo. _amR>s ewÖboIZmMm ágma H$aUo. [dYmZ ‘¨S>i, Cƒ Þ`m`mb` d BVa H$m`mªb`m¨_Ysb AZwdmXH$mësg¨dmX gmYyZ g¨km¨_Ýò EH$ë$nVm amIUo. ^mfmVÂkm¨Á`m Zm[_Ho$_m\ª$V B¨J¬Os d CXyª `m ^mfm¨_Ýò _mZYZ VÏdmdaAZwdmX H$ë$Z XoË`mMs gmo` H$aUo. H|$Ñ gaH$ma, _hm_¨S>io BÌ`mXtH$Sy>Z Ambobo Ahdmb BÌ`mXs AZwdmXmMo H$m__mZYZ VÏdmda H$ë$Z XoUo. _amR>s d [h©Xs ^mfm narjm d Q¨>H$boIZ d bKwboIZ narjm¨gmR>s AOª d narjm¨MsdoimnÍHo$, áîZg¨M g¨Ho$VòWimda CnbäY H$ë$Z XoUo. Q¨>H$boIZ narjm g¨JUH$mda KoUo. emgH$s`H$m`mªb`m¨VyZ _amR>sMm e¨â Q>¹o$ dmna hmoV Agì`mMs ImÍs H$ë$Z KoË`mgmR>s H$m`mªb`sZ VnmgË`m Am`mo[OVH$aUo. AmYw[ZH$ V¨¨ÍkmZmÁ`m AmYmao _amR>sÁ`m [dH$mgmgmR>s [d[dY joÍm¨Mm emoY KoUo d ZdZdsZ CnH¬$_am~[dUo. áemg[ZH$ n[a^mfm H$moe d _mJªXeªH$ nw{òVH$m V`ma H$aUo.

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Aìng¨¼`mH$ ^mfm¨Vsb AZwdmX

1966-67 _Ýò Aìng¨¼`mH$ ^mfm¨ZmgäjU XoË`mÁ`m emgZmÁ`m YmoaUmZwgma Zds_w¨~Bª, nwUo, ZmJnya d Am¢a¨Jm~mX òWo[d^mJs` (ámXo[eH$) H$m`mªbò òWmnZH$aË`mV Ambs. Aìng¨¼`mH$ ^mfm¨Zm gäjU[_imdo Am[U Aìng¨¼` ^m[fH$m¨Zm emgZmMo_hÏdmMo AmXoe, A[YgyMZm, [Z`_ BÌ`mXsCnbäY H$ë$Z XoVm `mdoV `mgmR>s ^mfmg¨MmbZmb`mÁ`m _w¨~Bª, nwUo, ZmJnya dAm¢a¨Jm~mX `m Mma [d^mJs` H$m`mªb`m¨V_amR>s AZwdmXm~amo~aM Aìng¨¼`mH$^mfm¨Vsb AZwdmXmMs gmo` H$aË`mV Ambs.^mfm g¨MmbZmb`mMs [d^mJs` H$m`mªbò[d^mJs` nmVisdarb _amR>sH$aUmMo H$m_gm¨^miVmV.

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emgZ í`dhmamV _amR>sMm A[YH$m[YH$dmna H$aË`mg¨~ŸsÁ`m YmoaUmMsA¨_b~OmdUs H$aUo, Ì`mX¦ïQ>sZo H$m`mªb`m¨MsVnmgUs d Ì`m¨Zm _mJªXeªZ H$aUo.emgZmÁ`m X¢Z¨[XZ áemgH$s` H$m_H$mOmV_amR>sMm dmna OmòVsVOmòV hmoË`mÁ`m ÒïQ>sZod Vmo Vgm hmoVmo Amho [H©$dm Zmhs ho áÌ`jnmhyZ H$m`mªb`m¨Ms VnmgUs H$ë$Z Ì`mMmAhdmb emgZmg doimodis gmXa H$aË`mMoH$m_ ^mfm g¨MmbZmb`mH$So> gmondË`mV AmboAmho. áÌòH$ emgH$s` H$m`mªb`mMs_amR>sH$aUmÁ`m ÒïQ>sZo Vnesbdma VnmgUsH$ë$Z VnmgUsMm Ahdmb Ì`m H$m`mªb`mg dg¨~¨[YV áemgH$s` [d^mJmg nmR>dË`mVòVmo. VnmgUsÁ`m dois _amR>sH$aUmÁ`mg¨X^mªV Amdî`H$ Vo _mJªXeªZ Ì`m Ì`mH$m`mªb`m¨Zm H$aË`mV òVo. 1989 nmgyZ704 emgH$s` H$m`mªbò, _¨S>io, _hm_¨S>io,[Oìhm n[afXm `m H$m`mªb`m¨Ms VnmgUs

B¨[S>`Z bm± [anmoQª>³gÁ`m YVuda _hÏdmÁ`m Þ`m`[ZUª`m¨Mm _amR>s AZwdmXH$aË`mMo H$m_hs `m H$m`mªb`mV gwë$ hmoVo. AmVmn`«V gw_mao 171Þ`m`[ZUª`m¨Mm AZwdmX H$aË`mV Ambm Amho. ^maVmÁ`m g¨[dYmZmMs_amR>sVsb AÛ`mdV Aes ghmds Amd¦Ïms H$mT>Ë`mV Ambs Amho. ^maVmÁ`mg¨[dYmZmMs gwYm[aV gmVds Amd¦Ïms hs _amR>s d B¨J¬Os Aem XmoÞhs ^mfoV[S>¾bm±Q> òdë$nmV H$mT>Ë`mMo H$m_ gwë$ AgyZ Ì`mMs _w[ÑVo _mÞ`VogmR>samO^mfm I¨S>, Zds [X„s `m¨Á`mH$So> nmR>[dË`mV Ambs AmhoV. Þ`m`mb`sZH$m_H$mO _amR>sVyZ H$aUo gwH$a hmoË`mÁ`m ÒïQ>sZo Zoh_s Cn`moJs nS>Umao d_hÏdmMo AZoH$ H|$Ñs` A[Y[Z`_ CXm. ^maVs` X¨S> g¨¨[hVm, \$m¢OXmará[H¬$`m g¨[hVm, [XdmUs á[H¬$`m g¨[hVm, _`mªXm A[Y[Z`_, gmjrnwamdmA[Y[Z`_, g¨[dXm A[Y[Z`_ d BVa AZoH$ H|$Ñs` A[Y[Z`_ `m¨MmAZwdmX H$aË`mV òD$Z Vo nwòVH$ë$nmZo áH$m[eV H$aË`mV Ambo AmhoV.AmVmn`«V 151 H|$Ñs` A[Y[Z`_m¨Mm AZwdmX Pmbobm Amho. emgZmH$Sy>Zdoimodois H$mT>Ë`mV òUmao AÝ`mXoe, [dYo`Ho$, A[Y[Z`_, [Z`_,[d[Z`_, Cn[dYs d A[YgyMZm `m¨Mm _amR>s d H$mhs ~m~VsV [h©Xs AZwdmX`m H$m`mªb`mV Ho$bm OmVmo.

^mfm g¨MmbZmb`mÁ`m g¨Ho$VòWimMm nÏmm http://bhasha.maharashtra.gov.in. `m H$m`mªb`mÁ`m EHy$U 49áH$meZm¨n¢H$s 45 áH$meZo `m g¨Ho$VòWimda Q>mH$Ë`mV Ambs AgyZ, Cdª[aV áH$meZo `m g¨Ho$VòWimda Q>mH$Ë`mMoH$m_ gwë$ Amho; VgoM H$m`mªb`mMs EHy$U 35 áH$meZo òH±$Z H$ë$Z nwZ_wªÑUmgmR>s emgH$s` _wÑUmb`mH$So> nmR>dË`mVAmbr AmhoV.

H$aË`mV Ambs Amho.[Oìhm Þ`m`mb`mV _amR>sMm dmna

A[YH$m[YH$ hmoË`mgmR>s [dYr AZwdmX dn[a^mfm g„mJma g[_VsZo H$mhsÞ`m`mb`m¨Zm ôQ> XoD$Z Ì`m¨Zm _mJªXeªZHo$bo Amho.

^mfm g„mJma g[_Vs^mfm g¨MmbZmb`mZo áH$m[eV Ho$boì`m

AZoH$ H$moem¨_Ýò ZdsZ áM[bV eäXm¨Ms âKmbyZ H$moe AÛ`mdV H$aUo, ZdsZ n[a^mfmH$moem¨Ms CXm. Am`wd}X, gmJa[dkmZ,g¨JUH$emô, n`mªdaU emô [Z[_ªVs H$aUo,n[a^mfm H$moem¨Mo nwZ_wªÑU, n[a^mfoVsbAÌ`mdî`H$ n[aïH$aUo, eäXí`wÌnÏms, _amR>snm[a^m[fH$ g¨km¨Á`m g_ò`m gmoS>[dUo,`mgmaIs H$m_o nma nmS>Ë`mgmR>s VgoM _hmamïQµ>amÂ`mMo gmYmaUnUo nwT>sb 25 dfm«Vsb_amR>s ^mfoMo YmoaU R>a[dUo, ^mfmA[^d¦ÖsgmR>s ZdZdo Cnm` d H$m`ªH¬$_gwM[dUo d Ì`m AZwf¨JmZo emgZmbm_mJªXeªZ H$aË`mgmR>s ^mfm g¨MmbZmb`mÁ`mA¨VJªV ^mfm g„mJma g[_Vs H$m`_òdë$nsòWmnZ H$aË`mV Ambs AgyZ [VÁ`mAemgH$s` gXò`m¨Ms 3 dfm«gmR>s [Z`w»$sH$aË`mV Ambs Amho.

`m g[_VsÁ`m ~¢R>H$m¨_Ýò AZoH$ _hÏdnyUª[ZUª` KoË`mV Ambo AgyZ _w¼`ÌdoH$ë$Zg[_VsZo nwT>sb 25 dfm«V _amR>s ^mfoMog¨dYªZ d [dH$mg H$aË`mgmR>s YmoaUR>admd`mMo Amho. ZdsZ kmZ emIm¨Mon[a^mfm H$moe [Z_mªU H$aË`m~m~V ~¢R>H$sVMMmª H$aË`mV Ambs AgyZ gwêdmVsbm nwT>sb10 n[a^mfm H$moe[Z[_ªVsMo H$m_ hmVsKoË`m~m~V [ZUª` KoË`mV Ambm Amho.

H¦$[fA[^`m¨[ÍH$semô n[a^mfm H$moegyû_Osdemô n[a^mfm H$moeg¨JUH$emô d _m[hVs V¨ÍkmZ

n[a^mfm H$moe

Ob d ^y_s í`dòWmnZemô n[a^mfmH$moe

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gm£X`ªágmYZemô n[a^mfm H$moeAmnÏms í`dòWmnZemô n[a^mfm H$moe^mfm g¨MmbZmb`mZo `mnydu V`ma

Ho$bobo nwT>sb 5 n[a^mfm H$moe AÛ`mdVH$aË`m~m~V [ZUª` KoË`mV Ambm.

emgZ í`dhma H$moeH¦$[femô n[a^mfm H$moeVÏdkmZ d VHª$emô n[a^mfm H$moeAWªemô n[a^mfm H$moe[ejUemô n[a^mfm H$moe

[dYr AZwdmX d n[a^mfm g„mJma g[_Vs[Zd¦Ïm Þ`m. M¨ÑeoIa Y_mª[YH$mar `m¨Á`m

AÝ`jVoImbs `m g{‘VrMr òWmnZm 12Zmoíh|~a 1992 amoOr H$aË`mV Ambs. `mg[_Vs_Ýò gÝ`m AÝ`jm¨gh 13 gXò`m¨Mmg_mdoe Amho.

C[ÕïQo>Þ`m`XmZmV _amR>sMm dmna H$aË`mÁ`m

X¦ïQ>sZo H|$Ñs` A[Y[Z`_m¨Mm d amÂÀ[Y[Z`_m¨Mm _amR>s AZwdmX ÌdaoZo ám[YH¦$VnmR>mÁ`m òdë$nmV CnbäY H$ë$Z XoUo.

[dÛ_mZ H$m`Ûm¨¨Mm AZwdmX A[YH$gwb^ H$aUo.

H$m`Xo[df`H$ [ejUmMo _mÝ`_ _amR>sH$aË`mÁ`m X¦ïQ>sZo [dÛmnsR>m¨Á`m d Ì`m¨Á`mH$joVsb _hm[dÛmb`m¨Á`m ghH$m`mªZo `mAå`mgH¬$_mMs nmR>ènwòVHo$ _amR>s^mfoVyZ V`ma H$aË`mÁ`m g¨~ŸmV[dÛmnsR>m¨Zm AmXoe d gyMZm XoUo.

Cƒ Þ`m`mb`mZo [Xboì`m[ZdS>H$ d _hÏdmÁ`m Þ`m`{ZUª`m¨Ms

[ZdS> H$ë$Z Ì`m¨Mo _amR>s ^mfm¨Va á[gÖH$aUo.

g[_VsÁ`m gXò`m¨Mo "[ZarjU nWH$'òWmnZ H$ë$Z [d[dY Þ`m`mb`m¨Ms nmhUsH$ë$Z Þ`m`mb`mV _amR>sÁ`m dmnamVòUmé`m AS>sAS>MUsg¨X^mªV Þ`m`mb`m¨ZmgyMZm XoUo d _mJªXeªZ H$aUo.

[d[Y[df`H$ _amR>s _gwXm boIZmMsá[ejU `moOZm V`ma H$aUo.

B¨J¬Os á_mU Z_wZo d Ì`m¨Mo g¨M_amR>sV CnbäY H$ë$Z KoD$Z Ì`mg A[YH¦$V_mÞ`Vm XoD$Z Vo nwòVH$ òdë$nmV CnbäYH$ë$Z XoUo.

H$m`}g[_Vs òWmnZ Pmì`mnmgyZ AmVmn`«V

g[_VsÁ`m gw_mao 235 ~¢R>H$m Pmì`m AmhoV.[dYr AZwdmX d n[a^mfm g„mJma

g[_VsZo 20 H|$Ñs` A[Y[Z`_ d 5 amÂÀ[Y[Z`_ `m¨Á`m AZwdmXmbm A¨[V_ òdë$n[Xbo Amho.

^maVmÁ`m g¨[dYmZmÁ`m _amR>sAZwdmXmda bmoH$m¨H$S>yZ Amboì`m A[^ám`m¨da[dMma H$ë$Z, n`mª`m¨_Ysb {ŠbïQ>Vm Q>mimdsæhUyZ ^maVmÁ`m g¨[dYmZmÁ`m AZwdmXmdaMMmª H$ë$Z AZwdmX A[YH$ gwb^ íhmdm `mX¦ïQ>sZo AZwdmXmV gwYmaUm H$aË`mV Ambs.Ì`mZ¨Va amO^mfm I¨S>, Zds [X„s `m¨Á`m_mÞ`VoZo ghmí`m Amd¦ÏmsMo áH$meZ H$aË`mVAmbo.

Þ`m`mb`sZ H$m_H$mOmV _amR>sMmdmna gwb^ hmoË`mÁ`m X¦ïQ>sZo gwYm[aV Þ`m`í`dhma H$moe V`ma Ho$bm.

Þ`m`mb`mV _amR>sÁ`m dmnamV òUmé`mAS>MUsg¨X^mªV Þ`m`mb`m¨Zm gyMZmXoË`mgmR>s d _mJªXeªZ H$aË`mgmR>sg[_VsÁ`m gXò`m¨Á`m [ZarjU nWH$mZo R>mUod am`JS> [OìùmVsb VgoM nwË`mVsbÞ`m`mb`m¨Zm ôQ>s [Xì`m.

gÝ`m g[_VsH$Sy>Z \$m¢OXmar á[H¬$`mg¨[hVm `m H|$Ñs` A[Y[Z`_mMm AZwdmXA[YH$ gwb^ H$aË`mMo H$m_ gwë$ Amho.

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amÂ`mMonwT>sb 25 dfm«Mo _amR>s

^mfm[df`H$ YmoaU R>adË`mgmR>samÂ`mVsb [d[dY ^mJm¨Vsb OZVoMs

_Vo OmUyZ KoË`mÁ`m ÒïQ>sZo doJdoJú`m[d^mJm¨_Ýò [d^mJdma ~¢R>H$m Am`mo[OV

H$aË`mg¨~ŸsMm [ZUª` ^mfmg„mJma g[_VsÁ`m ~¢R>H$sV

KoË`mV Ambm Amho.

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31’o$~¬wdmar 2013

hmamïQμ> amÂ`mMs amO^mfmAgboì`m _amR>s ^mfoMmJwUdÏmmnyUª [dH$mg íhmdm ùm

hoVyZo amÂ` _amR>s [dH$mg g¨òWoMs òWmnZmH$aË`mV Ambs.

1 _o 1960 amoOs_hmamïQμ> amÂ` òWmnZPmbo. _amR>s ^mfobmamO^mfoMm XOmª XoË`mVAmbm. amO^mfm_amR>sÁ`m g¨dYªZmgmR>sAm[U [dH$mgmgmR>semgZmÁ`m dVsZo [d[dYòdë$nmMo á`ÌZ H$aË`mVAmbo. 25 OyZ 1979amoOr _hmamïQμ>-emgZmZo Am`mo[OV _hmamïQμ>amÂ`mVsb e¢j[UH$ Aå`mgH¬$_mV dáemgZmV _amR>s ^mfoMo òWmZ ùm[df`mdarb n[afXoV _amR>s ^mfoH$[aVmamÂ`òVar` g¨òWm òWmnË`mV `mds AesgyMZm _m¨S>Ë`mV Ambs. ùm g¨òWoMs òWmnZmAm[U [VMo òdë$n `m[df`s [ZUª` KoË`mgmR>sám. dg¨V ~mnQ> `m¨Zm [Z_¨ÍH$ Zo_yZemgZmZo Aå`mgJQ> òWmnZ Ho$bm. ám. _o.nw¨. aoJo, ám. dg¨V XmVma, S>m±. AemoH$Ho$iH$a, ám. _¨. [d. amOmÝ`j ho `mAå`mgJQ>mMo gXò` hmoVo. `m JQ>mZo Ho$boì`mAmamIS>èmV _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m [dH$mgmgmR>sAÞ` amÂ`m¨á_mUoM _hmamïQμ>mVhs EH$ òdV¨Í

g¨òWm Agmds. Vs emgZmes g¨b¾Z na¨Vw~é`mM Aës òdm`Ïm Agmds. [VMo H$m_[dÜÌgwb^ (A±H±$So>[_H$) nÖVsZo MmbmdoAem gyMZm H$aË`mV Amì`m hmoÌ`m. ^mfoMm[dH$mg hm AIoa ^mfH$m¨Mm [dH$mg AgVmo.

n[a^mfm, gmjaVmágma,ewÖboIZgwYmaUm `m[H©$dm Aem _moOŠ`m dA[Vn[a[MV {df`m¨‘ÝòM^mfoÁ`m {dH$mgmMm {dMmaAS>Hy$Z nS>Uo {hVmMoZmhr.

1 _o 1992 `m [XdesamÂ` _amR>s [dH$mgg¨òWooMs Am¢nMm[aH$arÌ`m

òWmnZm H$aË`mV Ambs. gdª H$m`Xoesa ~m~snyUª Pmì`mZ¨Va [XZm¨H$ 1 _mMª 1993nmgyZ g¨òWoÁ`m H$m_H$mOmg áÌ`j gwêdmVPmbs.

g¨òWoÁ`m H$m_H$mOmMo òdë$namÂ` _amR>s [dH$mg g¨òWm hs

emgZnwaòH¦$V òdm`Ïm g¨òWm AgyZ [Z`m_H$_¨S>imÁ`m gìì`mZwgma g¨òWoMo H$m_H$mOMmbVo. EHy$U 30 gXò`m¨Á`m [Z`m_H$_¨S>imV 10 gXò` ho nX[gÖ gXò` AgyZVo emgZmMo á[V[ZYs AgVmV Am[U 20

gXò` ho AemgH$s` gXò` AgVmV. amÂ`mMo_w¼`_¨Ís ho g¨òWoMo nX[gÖ AÝ`j Va embo`[ejU_¨Ís ho g¨òWoMo nX[gÖ CnmÝ`jAgVmV. AemgH$s` gXò` ho [d[dY[df`m¨Vsb VÂk AgVmV. g¨òWoMo g¨MmbH$ hog¨òWoMo áemgH$s` á_wI d _w¼` H$m`ªH$marA[YH$mar AmhoV.

g¨òWoMo CnH¬$_ d áH$ìn_amR>sÁ`m _wimjam¨VyZ gmH$mabobo PmS> ho

g¨òWoMo ~moY[MÞh Amho. Ì`mbm AZwgë$Zg¨òWoZo [d[dY CnH¬$_ Am[U áH$ìnòWmnZonmgyZ AmOda am~dbo AmhoV. Ì`mV[d[dY [df`m¨darb áH$meZo, H$m`ªemim,gd}jUo AmXtMm g_mdoe hmoVmo.

X[bV-J¬m_sU gm[hÌ`-eäXH$moeX[bV d J¬m_sU gm[hÌ`mV dmnabobo

[d[eïQ> áXoemVsb dm ~mobtVsb eäX, g¨km,g¨H$ìnZm, æhUs, dmŠ`á`moJ BÌ`mXtMmZo_H$m AWª XoUmé`m eäXH$moemÁ`m [Z[_ªVsMoH$m_ g¨òWm H$aV Amho. `m eäXH$moemMm áW_I¨S> (A Vo K) 27 \o$~¬wdmar 2012 amoOs_amR>s ^mfm [XZs _w¼`_¨Ís `m¨Á`m hòVoáH$m[eV H$aË`mV Ambm. `m H$moemV [d[dYgm[hÌ`H¦$Vt_YyZ [ZdS>bobo eäX Am[U Ì`m¨MoAWª, VgoM eäX Â`mV dmnaË`mV Ambo Vo_yi dmŠ`hs g¨X^mªgmR>s Ì`m Ì`m Zm|Xs_ÝòM[Xbobo Amho. gm[hÌ`H¦$VtMo dmMZ H$ë$ZÌ`mVsb An[a[MV eäXm¨Á`m Zm|Xs H$aUo VgoMVÂkm¨Ümao eäXm¨Ms AWª[Z{îMVs H$aUo hs H$m_o

S>m±. AemoH$ gmobZH$a

‘amR>r ^mfoMr A{^d¦Ör‘

[d[dY joÍm¨V hmoUmam _amR>sMm dmna A[YH$m[YH$ JwUdÏmmnyUª hmoV Omdm `mgmR>s á`ÌZesb amhmdo d_amR>s ^mfoÁ`m A[^d¦ÖsMs á[H¬$`m [Z`moOZnydªH$ J[V_mZ H$amds hs amÂ` ‘amR>r {dH$mg g¨òWoÁ`m

òWmnZo_mJsb _w¼` C[ÕïQo> AmhoV. Ì`mZwgma [d[dY òVamda _amR>sMm [dH$mg gmYË`mgmR>s g¨òWm {d{dYCnH¬$_ am~dVo. ^mfm d g¨òH¦$Vs `m joÍm¨V _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m A[^d¦ÖsgmR>s H$m_ H$aUmé`m emgH$s` VgoM

AemgH$s` g¨òWm¨_Ýò g_Þd` amIyZ Ì`m g¨òWm¨Á`m gmhmç`mZohs H$mhs áH$ìn g¨òWm am~dV AgVo.

32 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

g¨òWoV Mmbbs AmhoV.dô[Z[_ªVr _m[hVsH$moe

dô[Z[_ªVsVsb [d[dY á[H¬$`m¨Ms _m[hVsXoUmam dô[Z[_ªVr-_m[hVsH$moe V`maH$aË`mMo H$m_ BMbH$aÖs òWsb XÏmmOsamdH$X_ Vm¨[ÍH$ [ejU g¨òWm `m¨Á`m ghH$m`mªZog¨òWoV Mmbbo Amho. g¨H${ìnV AmR> I¨S>m¨n¢H$sVsZ I¨S> áH$m[eV Pmbo AmhoV.

[dkmZ g¨H$ìnZm H$moe embo` [dÛmÐ`m«Zm nXmWª[dkmZ,

agm`Z[dkmZ d Osd[dkmZ `m [df`m¨Vsbg¨km, g¨H$ìnZm `m gmoà`m _amR>sV g_OmdyZXoUmam hm H$moe _amR>s [dkmZ-n[afXoÁ`mghH$m`mªZo g¨òWoZo áH$m[eV Ho$bm Amho.

\$mgu-_amR>s-í`wÌn[ÏmH$moe_Ý``wJsZ d dVª_mZH$mbsZ _amR>s_Ýò

Ag¨¼` Aa~s, VwH$u, \$mags eäX AmhoV. 14í`m eVH$mnmgyZ `m eäXm¨Mm _amR>sV g_mdoePmbm. `m eäXm¨Mo _yi XmIdyZ XoUmam \$mgu-_amR>s-í`wÌn[ÏmH$moe g¨òWoZo áH$m[eV Ho$bmAmho. _amR>s d \$mguMo ÂòïR> Aå`mgH$ S>m±.`y. _. nR>mU `m¨Zs `m í`wÌnÏmsH$moemMo H$m_Ho$bo Amho.

g¨òWoMo gy[MH$m`ª : [d[dY g¨X^m«Ms _m[hVsXoUmar gyMs ho Aå`mgH$m¨Á`m ÒïQ>sZo Cn`w»$gmYZ AgVo. AmOda g¨òWoZo `m joÍmV_m¢[bH$ Ago H$m`ª Ho$bo Amho.

_amR>s J¬¨WgyMs_mbm (1951-2000)H¢$. e¨. J. XmVo `m¨Zs 1950 n`«VÁ`m

_amR>s J¬¨Wm¨Ms gyMs XmoZ I¨S>m¨V V`ma Ho$bshmoVs. [VMo gQ>sn nwZ_wªÑU g¨òWoZo `mnyduHo$bo Amho. 1951 Vo 2000 `m H$mbI¨S>mV_amR>s_Ýò áH$m[eV Pmboì`m J¬¨Wm¨Ms[df`dma J¬¨WgyMs V`ma H$aË`mgmR>s g¨òWoZo_amR>s J¬¨WgyMs_mbm hm áH$ìn hmVs KoVbmAmho. `m áH$ìnm¨VJªV AmOda 1951 Vo1978 `m H$mbI¨S>mVsb J¬¨Wm¨Á`m gyMsMo 3I¨S> (_amR>s J¬¨WgyMs I¨S> 3, 4, 5) áH$m[eVPmbo AmhoV. J¬¨WgyMsÁ`m 6 í`m I¨S>mMo

(1979 Vo 1985) ámW[_H$ hòV[b[IVV`ma AgyZ Ì`mdë$Z g¨JUH$s` áV H$ë$Z_wÑUáV V`ma H$aË`mMo H$m_ g¨òWoV MmbboAmho.

hòV[b[IVm¨Á`m gyMs[Íd|Ñ_, _Ñmg, VÖmdya òWsb J¬¨Wmbò d

A[^boImJmao `m¨Vsb _amR>s hòV[b[IVm¨Á`mgyMshs g¨òWoZo áH$m[eV Ho$ì`m AmhoV.

~mobs^mfm¨Mm g_mO^mfmd¢km[ZH$ Aå`mgg¨òWoZo gmoZmon¨V Xm¨So>H$a _hm[dÛmb`,

nmbKa `m¨Á`m ghH$m`mªZo _w¨~BªOdisbnmbKa VmbwŠ`m_Ýò ~mobì`m OmUmé`mAZoH$ ~mobtMm g_mO^mfmd¢km[ZH$ Aå`mgH$ë$Z Ì`m ~mobt[df`sMm g¨X^ªJ¬¨W V`maHo$bm Amho. Am[Xdmgs, AmJar, Hw$U~s `m~mobs d Ì`m¨Mo BVa [^ÞZ áH$ma ~mobVAgboì`m g_mOm¨[df`sMs g[dòVa VgoM `mg_mOmMs AmS>Zmdo, gU, eoVs, [eH$marMsnÖV, OsdZe¢bs, g¨òH$ma, JsVo, eäX-dmŠò-æhUs, g_OwVs, AŸlÖm, Jmd,n[aga BÌ`mXs AZoH$ [df`m¨Ms _m[hVs `mJ¬¨WmV [Xbs Amho.

emgH$s` áH$meZm¨Mo áXeªZ g¨òWoZo 2002 gmbs Am¨VaamïQμ>s`

nwòVH$-dfmªÁ`m [Z[_ÏmmZo n[hì`m¨XmemgH$s` [d^mJm¨Zs d emgZnwaòH¦$Vg¨òWm¨Zs á[gÖ Ho$boì`m nwòVH$m¨Mo áXeªZ_w¨~BªV Am`mo[OV Ho$bo. Ì`mZ¨Va AemáH$maMs AmUIs áXeªZo Am`mo[OV H$aË`mVAmbs. `m áXeªZm¨Zm bmoH$m¨Mm CÏm_ á[VgmX[_iV Agì`mZo _hmamïQμ>mVsb AZoH$[R>H$mUs Aes áXeªZo g¨òWm Am`mo[OV H$aVAgVo.

[dYr d Þ`m` í`dhmamV _amR>sMm dmna[Zd¦Ïm Þ`m`_yVu M¨ÑeoIa Y_mª[YH$mar

`m¨Á`m AÝ`jVoImbs òWmnZ Ho$boì`m [dYr-AZwdmX d n[a^mfm g„mJma g[_VsMogXò`Ìd g¨òWobm XoË`mV Ambo Amho. `m gdªH$m_m_Ýò ^m[fH$ÒïQ>èm JwUdÏmm [Z_mªU íhmds`mgmR>s g¨òWm g[_Vsbm ghH$m`ª H$aVo.

H$m`ªemimg¨òWoZo AmOda [d[dY H$m`ªemim

Am`mo[OV Ho$ì`m AmhoV. Ì`m¨n¢H$s H$mhsnwT>sbá_mUo AmhoV.

1. áemgZmV _amR>sMm JwUdÏmmnyUª dmnaíhmdm `mgmR>s _hmZJanm[bHo$Á`mH$_ªMmé`m¨gmR>s ghm _[hÞ`m¨Mm á[ejUdJª.(1994)

2. B¨J¬Os _mÝ`_mVsb emim¨_YyZ _amR>sMoAÝ`mnZ H$aUmé`m [ejH$m¨gmR>s H$m`ªemim.(2 gàQ|>~a 1994)

3. [edmOs [dÛmnsR>, H$moìhmnya òWsb[ejHo$Va (áemgH$s`) H$_ªMmé`m¨Zmáemg[ZH$ boIZmg¨~ŸmV _mJªXeªZH$aË`mgmR>s H$m`ªemim. (14 Vo 16Am±ŠQ>mo~a 1997)

4. "bmoH$d¢ÛH$' `m áH$ìnmImbs d¢ÛH$í`dgm`tZm _amR>sVyZ H$m_H$mO H$aË`mÁ`mX¦ïQ>sZo _mJªXeªZ H$aË`mgmR>s [d[dYH$m`ªemim.

5. gOªZ-AmZ¨X [ejU H|$Ñ, H$moìhmnya`m¨Á`m ghH$m`mªZo ámW[_H$ emioVsb[dÛmÐ`m«gmR>s boIZ H$m¢eì` H¦$VrgÍ. (5\o$~¬wdmar 2006)

gd}jUog¨òWoZo _amR>ses g¨~¨[YV H$mhs gd}jUo

_amR>sVsb dUªH¬$_ [Z{îMV H$aË`mgmR>s g¨òWoZo A[Ib ^maVs` _amR>s-gm[hÌ`-_hm_¨S>imÁ`m ghH$m`mªZo ^mfmVÂk d g¨JUH$VÂkmës MMmª Ho$br.Ì`mda AmYm[aV dUª_mbm Am[U dUª[bns[df`H$ emgZ [ZUª` 6 Zmoíh|~a2009 `m [Xdes emgZmZo á[gÖ Ho$bm.

33’o$~¬wdmar 2013

Ho$bobs AmhoV. CXm. E[áb 1994 _ÝòA_amR>s emim¨Vsb _amR>sMo AÝ`mnZ `m[df`mda _w¨~BªVsb emim¨_YyZ Va \o$~¬wdmar1996 _Ýò _amR>sÁ`m g¨X^mªVsbáîZm¨[df`s EH$ áîZmdbs V`ma H$ë$Z Ì`mAmYmao _amR>s gm[hÌ` g¨_obZmÁ`m [Z[_ÏmmZoAmi¨Xs òWo gd}jU H$aË`mV Ambo.

_hmamïQμ>mVsb [d[dY ~mobtMm nam_eªKoD$Z amÂ`mMm ^m[fH$ ZH$mem [gÖH$aË`mMm áH$ìn g¨òWoZo hmVs KoVbm Amho.Ì`mMs nydªV`mar æhUyZ _hmamïQμ>mVsb H$mhsehao d Jmdo [ZdSy>Z OyZ 1995 _ÝòMmMUs gd}jU H$aË`mV Ambo.

Zdo CnH¬$‘_amR>s [d^mJmÁ`m A[YnÌ`mImbs g¨òWoZo

AZoH$ Zdo CnH¬$_ hmVs KoVbobo AmhoV.Am±[S>Amo H±$goQ> / gsS>sO³ (Talk Books)

`m áH$ìnm¨VJªV _amR>sVsb nwaòH$maámânwòVHo$ [ZdSy>Z Ì`m¨Á`m Am±[S>Amo H±$goQ> /gsS>sO³ ( Talk Books ) V`ma H$aË`mVòV AmhoV. Ì`m¨V H$[dd`ª Hw$gw_mJ¬m¨Mo"ádmgs njs' Am[U "ag`mÍm' hoH$mí`g¨J¬h VgoM [d©Xm H$a¨XsH$a `m¨Mo"Am[X_m`m' Am[U "g¨[hVm' ho H$mí`g¨J¬hlmí` ë$nmV ë$nm¨V[aV H$aË`mV AmboAmhoV.

g¨Vgm[hÌ`mMo lmí` _mÝ`_mV ë$nm¨Va_amR>sVsb g¨Vgm[hÌ`mVsb _hÏdmÁ`m

gm[hÌ`mMo lmí` _mÝ`_mV ë$nm¨Va H$ë$Z Vo[dZm_yì` CnbäY H$ë$Z XoË`mMm áH$ìn_w¼`_¨Î`m¨Á`m gyMZoZwgma amÂ` _amR>s[dH$mg g¨òWoÁ`m dVsZo am~dË`mV òV Amho.Ì`mV _amR>sVsb Zm_d¨V H$bmd¨Vm¨Mmgh^mJ Amho. n[hì`m Q>àà`mV g_Wª am_Xmg`m¨Á`m Xmg~moYmMo lmí` ë$nm¨Va H$aË`mVAmbo Amho. ho lmí` òdë$nmVsb gm[hÌ`g¨òWoÁ`m g¨Ho$VòWimdë$Z CnbäY H$ë$ZXoË`mV òUma Amho. g¨V VwH$mam_ `m¨Á`mgm[hÌ`mMo lmí` ë$nm¨Va H$aË`mMo H$m_ g¨òWmbdH$aM hmVs KoV AgyZ Vohs CnbäY H$ë$ZXoË`mV òBªb.

Zds áH$meZo Am[U áH$meZm¨Mo nwZ_wªÑUX[bV-J¬m_sU gm[hÌ` eäXH$moe `m

áH$ìnm¨VJªV X[bV J¬m_sU gm[hÌ` : ë$T>s,áWm, na¨nam, [d[YH$moe `m H$moemMo H$m_ nyUªPmbo Amho.

[dkmZ[df`H$ nwòVH$m¨Mo AZwdmX_amR>s [dkmZ n[afX Am[U amÂ` _amR>s

[dH$mg g¨òWm `m¨Á`m g¨`w»$ [dÛ_mZo [dkmZágma `m g¨òWoZo áH$m[eV Ho$boì`m[dkmZ[df`H$ nmM nwòVH$m¨Ms ^mfm¨VaoH$aË`mV Ambs AmhoV._mZí`[dÛm[df`H$ nmR>ènwòVH$m¨Mo AZwdmX

EZ. gs. Bª. Ama. Q>s. `m g¨òWoZo V`maHo$boì`m gm_m[OH$ emôo `m [df`mÁ`m 6nmR>ènwòVH$m¨Mm _amR>sV AZwdmX H$aË`mVAmbm Amho.

_amR>s g¨Ho$VòWim¨Ms ònYmªAbsH$So> g¨JUH$mda _amR>sVyZ _m[hVsMs

XodmUKodmU H$aË`mMo á_mU dmT>bo Amho.emgZmVsb [d[dY [d^mJm¨H$So> AgUmar_m[hVs bmoH$m¨Zm ghO CnbäY íhmds`mgmR>s á`ÌZ hmoV AmhoV. H$bm, H¬$sS>m,g¨òH¦$Vs, [dkmZ, AWªí`dhma Aem

[df`m¨darb _m[hVs _amR>sVyZ g¨JUH$mdaCnbäY hmoD$ bmJbs Amho. `m í`dhmambmámoÌgmhZ XoË`mÁ`m hoVyZo amÂ` _amR>s[dH$mg g¨òWo‘m’ª$V _amR>s g¨Ho$VòWim¨MsònYmª Am`mo[OV H$aË`mV òV Amho. `mònYm«Zm CÏm_ á[VgmXhs bm^bm Amho.

kmZXod _amR>s ZmJar `moOZm_amR>s mfoMm dmna emgZ í`dhmamV Am[U

bmoH$í`dhmamV dmT>mdm `m hoVyZo Amnì`mH$m_H$mOmV Am[U H$m`ªjoÍmV _amR>sMmA[YH$m[YH$ dmna H$aUmé`m J¬m_n¨Mm`V/[Oìhm n[afX/ ZJa n[afX/ ZJanm[bH$m/_hmZJanm[bH$m/ [d^mJ (dm±Sª>) `m¨ZmnwaòH$ma XoË`mMs hs `moOZm AgyZ hs `moOZmbdH$aM H$m`mª{ÞdV hmoUma Amho.

èd¨Vamd MíhmU OÞ_eVmäXs_hmamïQμ> amÂ`mMo n[hbo _w¼`_¨Ís

èd¨Vamd MíhmU `m¨Á`m OÞ_eVmäXs dfmªVg¨òWoZo Ì`m¨Á`m "H¦$ïUmH$m¨R>,' "F$UmZw~Ÿ,'"eäXm¨Mo gm_Ð`ª' `m nwòVH$m¨Á`m VgoM"èd¨Vamd: amïQμ>s` í`{»$_Ïd' `mÌ`m¨Á`mdarb nwòVH$mÁ`m lmí` gsS>sH$mT>Ë`mMm CnH¬$_ hmVs KoVbm Amho. VgoMÌ`m¨Á`m í`{»$_ÏdmMm doY KoUmam a¨J_¨Ms`H$m`ªH¬$_ Am`mo[OV H$aË`mMm CnH¬$_hs hmVsKoVbm Amho. g¨òWoZo `m XmoZ CnH¬$_m¨gmR>sEH$ VÂk g[_Vs Zo_bs AgyZ [VÁ`mÜmao `mCnH¬$_m¨Ms AmIUs H$aË`mV òV Amho.

g¨nHª$ … 9850858720rr

_amR>sgmR>s `w[ZH$moS> AmYm[aV [H$_mZ 4 Vo 5 Mm¨Jbo, XoIUo VgoM2009 _Ysb dUª_mbm Am[U dUªH¬$_[df`H$ emgZ [ZUª`mVsbgyMZm¨Zwgma Q¨>H$ V`ma H$ë$Z KoD$Z Vo bmoH$m¨Zm _w»$ (\¬$s A±ËS> AmonZ gmogª) nadmÞ`mgh CnbäY H$ë$Z XoË`mMm áH$ìn g¨òWoZo hmVsKoVbm Amho.

34 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

foÁ`m X¦[ïQ>H$moZmVyZ [dMmaHo$ì`mg ^maVs` ^mfm `mg¨òH¦$VnmgyZ [dH$[gV Pmì`m

Agm g_O hmoVm. VWm[n, áòVwV [gÖmÞVAmVm H$mb~mù Pmbm AgyZ g¨òH¦$V[edm`áÌòH$ ^yáXoemMs òdV:Ms Aes EH$ ~mobs,EH$ ^mfm hmoVs. Aem áH$maÁ`m ~mobsÁ`m ^mfmÌ`m ámXo[eH$ Zm_mdë$Z AmoiIì`m OmVhmoÌ`m. Ogo _JYMs _mJYs, eyagoZmMsgm¢agoZs, d¬O^y_r áXoemMs d¬Os ~mobs.Ì`mMá_mUo _hmamïQµ>mMs _hmamïQµ>s dJ¢ao.... `mgdª ámXo[eH$ æhUOoM ámH¦$V ^mfm hmoV.H$mbm¢KmV `m_Ýò AZoH$ ~mobtMo ádmhgm_sb hmoD$Z An^¬ë ^mfoMm CX` Pmbm.An^¬ë ^mfoÁ`m áXsKª áMbZmZ¨Va

B.g.nydu gmYmaU nmMí`m/ghmí`m eVH$mVAn^¬ë, _amR>s, H$mZS>s, VobwJw AmXs^mfm^[JZtMm CX` Pmbm Ago _mZbo OmVo.^maVs` ^mfm H$mo[d©XmZs _hmamïQµ> Am[U_hmamïQµ>s ámH¦$V VWm _amR>s `m EH$mMZmË`mÁ`m XmoZ ~mOy Agì`mMo R>m_nUo æhQ>boAmho. æhUyZM _hmamïQµ>mbm _amR>sMo _mhoaæhUyZ Jm¢a[dbo OmVo. VWm[n, hm ádmgH$aË`mg AZoH$ eVH$m¨Mm H$mbmdYs OmdmbmJbm ho [Z{îMV. gdªgm_mÞ`V: B.g.nydª[Vgé`m eVH$mnmgyZ _hmamïQµ>sÁ`m (ámH¦$V-An^¬ë - _amR>sÁ`m) doJionUmMo A{òVÌdg_H$mbsZ ^mfm, [ebmboI, ZmUs,bmoH$gm[hÌ` d bmoH$g¨òH¦$Vs `m_YyZ OmUdybmJbo hmoVo. `mnyduÁ`m H$mbI¨S>mda áH$me

Q>mH$Ë`mgmR>s _hmamïQµ>mV AZoH$ [R>H$mUsCÌIZZo H$aË`mV Ambs. Ì`m_YyZg_H$mbsZ ^m¢[VH$ g¨òH¦$Vsda ~amMgmáH$me nS>Ë`mg _XV Pmbs. VWm[n, Ì`mg_mOmÁ`m ^mfm d _Zmoí`mnma `mda æhUmdmVgm áH$me nS>bm Zmhs. Omon`«V EImÛmg_mOmMm _Zmoí`mnma ^mfoÁ`m _mÝ`_mVyZg_Oy eH$V Zmhs, Vmon`«V Ì`m g_mOmMogm¨òH¦$[VH$ doJionU æhUmdo Vgo OmUdVZmhs._hmamïQµ>s ^mfm hs Ho$di bmoH$^mfm ZgyZ

amO^mfmhs hmoVs. _hmamïQµ>mMo AmÛ amOKamUoæhUOo em[bdmhZ (gmVdmhZ) KamUo hmo`.AmOMo n¢R>U (á[VïR>mZ) hs Ì`m¨Ms AmÛamOYmZs hmoVs. `m KamË`mZo gdªgm_mÞ`V:450 df} amÂ` Ho$ì`mMo _mZbo OmVo. Ì`m¨Á`mgm_¬mÂ`m¨V Z_ªXonmgyZ OdiOdi gdª

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Amnbs ZmUs, Amnbo [ebmboI, AmnboamOXa~mar í`dhma VWm [eïQ>mMma _hmamïQµ>s^mfoVyZM Ho$ì`mMo kmV Amho. Ì`m_wio_hmamïQµ>s ^mfoMm ^maVâ, OJâ ágmahmoË`mg _XV Pmbs. amO_mVm Jm¢V_s~blsMm Zm[eH$ òWsb [ebmboI ho `mMo

CÏm_ CXmhaU hmo`.`m KamË`mVsb "hmb' gmVdmhZmMs

"JmWmgÏmgBª' hm H$mí`g¨J¬h B.g.ZmÁ`mn[hì`m eVH$mV [Z_mªU Pmì`mMo _mZboOmVo. hm _hmamïQµ>s ámH¦$V ^mfo_Ysb AmÛJ¬¨Whmo`. `mdë$Z Agm [ZïH$fª [ZKVmo H$s,gm[hÌ`mMs ^mfm æhUyZ _hmamïQµ>s- ámH¦$V`mnydu AZoH$ eVHo$ bmoH$_ZmV êObobshmoVs. Vo "JmWmgÏmgBª'_Ysb ^mfm Am[UCnamo»$ [ebmboIm_Ysb ^mfodë$Z ònïQ>hmoVo. gmVí`m eVH$mV hmoD$Z Joboì`m "X¨S>s'

`m g¨òH¦$V H$dsZo _hmamïQµ>s ámH¦$V ^mfo~ÕbJm¢admoX³Jma H$mT>bo AmhoV. `mZ¨Va Pmboì`m

Xaæ`mZÁ`m H$ds Am[U gm[h{Ì`H$m¨ZsAn^¬ë ^mfoMm dmna Ho$ì`mZo ámH¦$V ^mfoMm[dH$mg hmoË`mg _XV Pmbs. `m gdªOS>UKS>UsMo H|$Ñ á[VïR>mZ æhUOo AmOMon¢R>U hmoVo. n¢R>Us g¨òH¦$VsÁ`m dMªòdmImbsòUmam ^yáXoe æhUOo AmOMm gdª _hmamïQµ>Am[U X[jUoH$S>sb H$mhs ^y^mJ hmo`. `m gdªdmQ>MmbsMo n¢R>U á_wI H|$Ñ hmoVo. æhUyZ `mH$r[VªòV¨^mH$So>, Y_ªòV¨^mH$So> AmnU nmhyeH$Vmo. n[agamVsb gdª amOKamË`m¨ZsAml` [Xboì`m g¨òH¦$VsMo ho áVsH$ hmo`.áòVwV òV¨^ nydª `mXdH$mbsZ AgyZ `m_Ýòg_H$mbsZ H$boMo á[V[~©~ nmhmd`mg [_iVo.AmO `mbm VsWªIm¨~ æhUVmV. `m [df`sÁ`meoH$S>mo X¨VH$Wm n¢R>U n[agamV AmOhs_moR>èm MdsZo gm¨[JVì`m OmVmV. `mòV¨^m_wioM n¢R>Ubm X[jUH$mes _mZboOmVo. òdJª, _¦Ì`y, nmVmi hs g¨H$ìnZm `mòV¨^mÜmao Xeª[dË`mV Ambs Amho. _hmamïQµ>s^mfoÁ`m [dH$mgmMo Am[U JVH$mbsZá[VïR>mZÁ`m d¢^dmMo ho EH$_od áVsH$. _m`_amR>sMm AmJ¬hmZo nwaòH$ma H$aUmaoá[VïR>mZsMo Mm¨JXod amD$i, ls MH¬$Ya,A_¦VmVohs n¢Om [O©H$Umé`m ls kmZXodm¨Á`mnXònemªZo Am[U _mPs ámH¦$V H$m`MmoamnmgyZ Pmbs Ago æhUUmé`m em¨Vs~¬øEH$ZmWm¨Á`m dmòVí`mZo hm n[aga nmdZPmbm Amho. Ì`mMm hm EH$_od gmjsXma hmo`.

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‘amR>rÁ`m ‘mhoar VrWªòV¨^

35’o$~¬wdmar 2013

hmamïQμ >mÁ`m amOH$r`^m¢Jmo[bH$, gm¨òH¦$[VH$,Ym[_ªH$, í`mnma-C[X_ Aem

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n¢R>UÁ`m X[jU ^mJmV æhUOoMZmJKmQ>mÁ`m n[agamV ámMrZ á[VïR>mZÁ`m"nmbWr ZJar'Mm ^y^mJ Amho. ámMrZá[VïR>mZ ZJarMo eoH$S>m o Adeof`m[R>H$mUr BVaÍ [dIwabobo [XgVmV.AJXr Ì`m "nmbWr ZJar'Á`m n[agamVM"VrWªIm¨~' C^m Amho.

"VrWªIm¨~m'Á`m C^maUrMm H$mi`m "VrWªIm¨~m' Á`m g¨X^mªV AZoH$

Am¼`m[`H$m gm¨[JVì`m OmVmV. X[jU^maVmV B.g. nydª 230 Vo B.g. 230 `mH$mbI¨S>mV gmVdmhZ KamË`mMr gÏmmhmoVr. Ì`m H$mimV á[VïR>mZ ho amOYmZrMo[R>H$mU hmoVo Am[U æhUyZ `m amOdQ>rÁ`mB[VhmgmMm g¨X^ª XoV"VrWªIm¨~m'[df`rÁ`m AZoH$ X¨VH$Wm[Z_mªU Pmì`m.

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"VrWªIm¨~m'Vrb [eìnH$bmdoë$iÁ`m H¢$bmgboUrMm [eìnH$ma

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Z¨VaÁ`m _moJb, _amR>m H$mimVrb dmQ>VmV.òV¨^mÁ`m ViÁ`m VwH$S>èmda _mV¦H$m _¨S>iAm[U ^¢ad CÏm_ nÖVrZo H$moaË`mV AmboAmhoV. ^¢admÁ`m Jú`mVrb _w¨S>_mi,Ì`mVyZ JiUmao a»$ d a»$ MmQ>Umam Hw$Ím hogmaoM ~maH$mdo [eìnH$mamZo AMyH$ [Q>nboAmhoV. _mV¦H$m _¨S>imgmo~V JUoe Z¦Ì`hr[MVmabo Amho. _Yì`m VwH$S>èmV _H$a _wImMoAïQ>H$moZr nÆ>rXma dVwªi AgyZ darbA¨Jmg gw¨Xa K¨Q>m dVwªimH¦$Vr nÆ>rV~g[dì`m AmhoV. Ì`mdarb nQ>mV "_¢WyZ[eìno' H$moabr AmhoV Aer [eìno doë$iÁ`mboË`mV AmT>iVmV.

AIoaÁ`m VwH$S>èmV EHy$U ~mam ImZoAgyZ gâ_mV¦H$m, Z¦Ì` H$aUmam JUnVr -lrXodr, [ed Am[U B¨Ñ XmI[dbm Amho.`mdaÁ`m ^mJmda O¢Z [d_mZ Amho.

JmoXmdar ZXrbm _hmnya òD$Z áb` Pmbm Am[U VrWªIm¨~mÁ`m Q>moH$mda ~gyZ Ì`m _hmnwamMo H$mdú`mZo nmUr à`m`bo VaOJ~wS>r hmoUma Aer hr H$mhr bmoH$m¨Mr

YmaUm Amho.gmVdmhZmÁ`m namH¬$_mMr gmj XoUmam

hm VrWªIm¨~ hm n¢R>UÁ`m ^m[fH$ d¢^dmMohrÛmoVH$ R>aVmo. n¢R>U hr [dÜmZ [dám¨Mr,n¨[S>Vm¨Mr ZJar Am[U æhUyZ [VWog¨òH¦$VMo ám~ì`, VarnU n¢R>UÁ`mB[VhmgmZo _amR>r ^mfoMm Ho$bobm Jm¢ad `mVrWªIm¨~mZo AZw^dbm`. gmVdmhZamOdQ>rVì`m gmVH$UrªÁ`m Xa~mamVbmn¨[S>V JwUmT>èmZo "~¦hÌH$Wm' hm J¬¨W[b[hbm. nwTo> n¢R>UÁ`m B[VhmgmMm g¨X^ªAgbobm "JmWmgÏmgBª' hm amOm hbmZo[b[hbobm J¬¨W ^mfoMr AmoiI H$ë$Z XoVmo.nwTo > ~mamí`m eVH$mV lrMH¬$Yam¨Zr_amR>rMm òdrH$ma H$ë$Z [Vbm XoddmUrMmXOmª [Xbm Am[U VmoM YmJm nH$Sy>Z nyTo>_hmZw^md J¬¨WH$mam¨Zr _amR>rV [dnyb J¬¨W[Z[_ªVr Ho$br. Vmo lrMH¬$Ya MaUm¨[H$Vn[aga VrWªIm¨~mÁ`m AJXr OdiM Amho.æhUOoM _amR>r gm[hÌ`mÁ`m AmX`ÌdmÁ`mJ¬¨W [Z[_ªVrMm EH$mAWmªZo VrWªIm¨~gmjrXmaM R>aV Zmhr H$m`?

_amR>r ^mfoV A_¦Vmbm [O¨H$Ë`mMogm_Ð`ª Agì`mMr ImÍr nQ>boì`m g¨VkmZoîdam¨Zr aoS>èm_wIr doX ~mobdì`mMo(doXmMo gmdª[ÍH$rH$aU Ho$ì`mMo) [R>H$mUZmJKmQ>mda æhUOoM VrWªIm¨~mÁ`mn[agamVM Amho. kmZXodm¨Á`m ^mfm[dòVmaUrH$aUmÁ`m `m KQ>ZoMmhr Vmo EH$_yH$ gmjrXma R>aVmo.

VrWªIm¨~mÁ`m g¨X^mªVì`m AZoH$Am¼`m[`H$m, X¨VH$Wm h`m n¢R>UÁ`mbmoH$dmL³>‘`mMo A[d^mÂ` A¨J ~Zì`mAmhoV. nwTo> g¨V EH$ZmWm¨Á`m H$mimV^më$S>mÁ`m ë$nmZo n¢R>UÁ`m bmoH$dmL³>‘`mMon`mª`mZo _amR>r ^mfoMo EH$ AZmoIo XeªZg¨nyUª _hmamïQμ>mbm Pmbo.

hm VrWªIm¨~ AmOhr `wJm-`wJmMoCÞhmio-nmdgmio (Z¢g[JªH$, amOH$r`,gm¨òH¦$[VH$, Ym[_ªH$ g¨KfmªMo `m AWmªZo)PobV VodT>èmÁ`m A[^_mZmZo C^m Amho ho_mÍ [Z{îMV...

g¨nHª$ … 7588429228r r

S>m±. h¨gamO OmYd-dOraJm¨dH$a

gmjrXma d¢^dmMm‘

36 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

[hÌ`[Z[_ªVsÁ`m g¨X^mªV í`»$shs [ZIi í`ŠVr amhmVMZmhs; Va Vs g_ïQ>s[ZïR> hmoVo.

æhUyZM í`ŠVrÁ`m g_ïQ>s[ZïR> AZw^dmMoòdë$n Ì`mÁ`m AÞ` AZw^dm¨nojm doJioAgVo. X[bV gm[hÌ`mMs {òWVs AesM Amho.Aem áH$maÁ`m gm[hÌ`mMs [Z[_ªVs gm_m[OH$òdë$nmÁ`m {òWÌ`¨VamMs AgVo. g_mOm_ÝòKS>Umé`m n[adVªZmMm á^md An[ahm`ªnUogm[hÌ`[Z[_ªVsda hmoVmo. æhUyZM gm[hÌ` hog_mO[ZïR> AgVo.

X[bV gm[hÌ`mVsb _amR>s ^mfoMm [dMmaH$aVmZm EH$ ~m~ ònïQ> Ho$bs nm[hOo H$s,gm[hÌ`[Z[_ªVs Ho$di á_mU ^mfoVMAgm`bm hds `m nma¨n[aH$ g_Ombm X[bV

gm[hÌ`[Z[_ªVsZo No>X [Xbm Amho. `m g¨X^mªVX[bV H$[dVoVsb ^mfoMm ámYmÞ`mZo [dMmaH$aVm òBªb. X[bV H$[dVoV nwamU í`dòWm,dUªdmX, [df_Vm, emofU `m[dêÖ [ZfoYí`»$ H$aUmar ^mfm áVsV hmoVo. AWmªVM_mZds _yì`m¨Mm, n[adVªZmMm, H¬$m¨VsMm Jm¢adH$aUmar ^mfm A[^í`»$ hmoVo. [ZfoYmÌ_H$VmAm[dïH¦$V hmoVmZm nwïH$iXm [ZfoYmMm MT>m

gyahs AgVmo. Aemdois Ho$di [Z©XmÌ_H$VmAm[U [edaminUmMm Adb¨~hs hmoVmo.Ho$di eäXm¨Ms _moS>VmoS> [H©$dm AmeèyÞ`^mfm g_WªZs` Zmhs. H$mhs X[bV H$[dVoVAgo X¦¾JmoMa hmoVo. nU ~arMes X[bVH$[dVm [ZfoYmÌ_H$Vm í`»$ H$aVmZmCnamo[YH$ ^mfoMm Aml` KoVo, ho CìboIZsÀmho. ~é`mMem X[bV H$[dVoVsbAm¢namo[YH$Vm YmaXma AgVo. AmíhmZmònX^mfm, H$[dVm_yì` hadyZ ~gVo. H$mhs X[bVH$[dVoVsb eäX~¨~minUmgwÖm AmdmOs dAmdoes AgVmo ho ZmH$maVm òUma Zmhs.na¨Vw ámYmÞ`mZo X[bV H$[dVoVsbájmo^mbm Am¢namo[YH$Vobm, ghómdYsdfm«Á`m gm_m[OH$ d gm¨òH¦$[VH$ Xw:ImMmg¨X^ª Amho. eVH$mZweVHo$ ^moJboì`memofUmMm, AÞ`m`mMm, N>imMm,Ad_mZmMm, ZmH$mabobm _Zwï`ÌdmMm g¨X^ªAmho. æhUyZ X[bV H$[dVoVsb ájmo^,XmhH$Vm, dm¨P Zmhs. `m g¨X^mªMs OmUAgì`m[edm` X[bV H$[dVoVsb[ZfoYmÌ_H$ ^mfm AmH$bZ hmoUma Zmhs.

H$ds Ho$ed _olm_ `m¨Á`m "CnXoe_¨Í" `mH$[dVoVsb H$mhs AmoisV Vsd¬ ^mfm AgbsVar [VMo gm¨òH¦$[VH$ d gm_m[OH$ g¨X^ªXwbª[jVm òUma ZmhsV. Vo æhUVmV.

Omo H$moUs `m XoemV OmV Z [dMmarbÌ`mMm ~mn f¨T> JUbm OmBªb._mZbs OmBªb Ì`mMs AmBª í`[^Mmar_yi Ì`mMo [R>gyi R>aob, JmoÍ R>aob Hw$Î`mMonmoao hmoVs Ì`m¨Ms IwOs, nmoar hmoVs

b¨JS>èmbwú`mH$go~go O_ob b¾Z, dYw Agob g_¨Ji,

dm¨PmoQ>shsOmdBª [_iVsb XwamMaUs, H$Xm[MV

N>¹o$~wiohsæhUyZ Vwæhs bjmV Ro>dm- òVm OmVm!MVwamBªMo ~mob Ý`mZs Yam.......g¨dmXmÌ_H$ ^mfm hs X[bV

gm[hÌ`[Z[_ªVsM¨ AmUIs EH$ [deof.òdÁN¨>VmdmXmMm nwaòH$ma H$aVmZm, Zoh_sMH$bmd¨VmÁ`m ^md{òWVsÁ`m ë$nmMm g¨X^ªbjmV À`mdm bmJVmo. H$bmd¨V

S>m±. J¨JmYa nmZVmdUo

gm X[bV gm[hÌ`mMs [Z[_ªVs Ho$di dmL³>_`sZ joÍmVsb EH$ KQ>Zm ZgyZVs gm_m[OH$ d gm¨òH¦$[VH$ joÍmVsb _m¢[bH$ KQ>Zm Amho. X[bV boIH$[Z[_ªVsÁ`m g¨X^mªV Ho$di EH$ í`»$r CaV Zmhs, Va Ì`mÁ`m AZw^dmVg_mOmÁ`m A¨V:ádmhmMo AmoK g_yVª Pmbobo AgVmV. Ì`mÁ`mA[^í`»$sVyZ ájmo^ g¨H¬$[_V hmoV AgVmo. æhUOo Vmo AZw^d Z¨Vaí`{»$[ZïR> amhmV Zmhs, Va Vmo g_ïQ>sMm AZw^d hmoVmo. X[bVoVadmL³>_`mÁ`m g¨X^mªV Ago æhUVm òUma Zmhs. X[bVoVa boIH$mÁ`m[Z[_ªVsV Ì`mMo í`[ŠV_Ïd gVV í`»$ hmoV AgVo. æhUyZM OsdZmMm,g_mOmMm H$bmH¦$Vses g¨~Ÿ ZgVmo Agm AmH¦$VsdmXs g_sjH$m¨MmAmJ¬h AgVmo. gm_m[OH$-gm¨òH¦$[VH$ g¨X^ª Ì`m¨Zm A[^áoV ZgVmo.X[bV gm[hÌ`[Z[_ªVsÁ`m g¨X^mªV AmH¦$VsdmX Ho$di AáòVwV Amho.æhUyZM X[bV gm[hÌ`mMm [dMma g_sjm, ^mfm, AZw^dg¦ïQ>sM¨doJionU Aem [d[dY A¨Jm¨Zs H$amdm bmJVmo. X[bV gm[hÌ`mMo `m gdªjoÍmV _moRo> `moJXmZ Amho. _amR>s ^mfobm X[bV gm[hÌ`mZo g_¦Ö Ho$boAmho.

X[bV gm{hÌ`‘amR>r ^mfoMo ^yfU

37’o$~¬wdmar 2013

PnmQ>bonUmVyZ [Z[_ªVs H$aVmo, H$[dVmæhUOo "ònmoÞQ±>[Z`g Amoíhaãbmo Am±\$nm±da\y$b [\$qb¾O" Agohs æhQ>bo OmVo.X[bV gm[hÌ`mbm _mÍ á`moOZ_yì` Amho.X[bV gm[h{Ì`H$ EH$ OsdZÒïQ>s KoD$ZM[b[hV AgVmo. S>m±. ~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oS>H$a `m¨MoH¬$m¨[VH$mar VÏdkmZ hsM Ì`mMs D$Omª^y_sAgVo. æhUyZ òdÁN¨>XVmdmX [H©$dmH$ìnZmaÖZmMs Anojm X[bV gm[hÌ`mH$Sy>Zdm gm[h{Ì`H$mH$Sy>Z J¢a Amho. AmÌ_[dbmons dAmÌ_aVsd¦Ïms X[bV gm[hÌ`mbm _mÞ`Zgì`mZo AmÌ_JwÖZ [H©$dm AmÌ_g¨dmXmbmòWo òWmZ Zmhs. X[bV gm[h{Ì`H$ gVVg¨dmX H$arV AgVmo. Vmo òdV:Á`m g_mOmesVar ~mobVmo [H©$dm òdoVa g_mOmes g¨dmXH$aVmo. Ì`mMs g¨dmX^mfm AH¦$[Í_ Am[UAmH$bZgwb^ AgVo. Ì`mMm lmoVm A_yVªZgVmo Va Vmo g_yVª AgVmo. `m g¨X^mªVdm_Z [Z©~miH$a `m¨Á`m H$mhs Amois CX³Y¦VH$aVm òVsb.

`m JmdHw$gm~mhoMm H$mimoI _mdiUma AmhoAm_Á`m AmoR>mVsb áH$meJsVmMo òdaXmhs [Xem¨Zm Yw¨X H$aUma AmhoAgo gmao EH$[ÍV `mhmVmV hmV KmbyZ áH$memMo JsV Jm..X[bV gm[hÌ`mV [d[dY ámXo[eH$ ~mobs,

^mfm X¦¾JmoMa hmoVmV. Ì`m_wio EHy$UM _amR>s^mfobm EH$ AmJim Am`m_ ámâ Pmbm Amho,ho [Z:gë`! X[bV gm[hÌ`mÁ`m gdªMádmhmVsb boIZmV Â`m ~mobs ^mfm òVmVÌ`m Amnì`m g_doV, ámXo[eH$ _mVsÁ`mJŸm~amo~aM eäX d dmŠàMZm, e¢bs Am[UA[^í`»$sMs bH$~ KoD$Z òVmV; Am{UÌ`m¨Mm ~mOhr J¬m_sU dm ZmJar AgVmo.

_hmamïQμ>mbJV AÞ` ^mfs gs_m AmhoV.Ì`m Ì`m ^mfoVsb AZoH$ eäX d dmŠáMma`m¨Mm á^md gs_mdVu X[bV gm[hÌ`mV \$maZmhs, nU OmUdVmo. [deofV: X[bVAmÌ_H$WZmV Ì`mMm á`ÌZ hmoVmo. [h©Xs,VobwJw, H$mZS>s ^mfoVsb eäXm¨Mm dmna BVŠ`mghOVoZo H$mhs X[bV boIH$m¨Zs Ho$bm AmhoH$s Ì`mMo ë$n _amR>s_`M Pmbo Amho. S>m±.

^s_amd JwêOs (~oaS>), Ho$ed _olm_(hH$sH$V d OQ>m`w, CÌIZZ), dg¨V _yZ(dòVs), á. Bª. gmoZH$m¨~io (AmR>dUtMonjs), eaUHw$_ma [b©~mio (A¹$a_mes),êòVw_ AMbIm¨~ (JmdH$s) `m dmL³>_`sZH¦$Vs¨VyZ Ì`mMm AmT>i hmoVmo.

ghO æhUyZ [dMma H$ë$ OmVm X[bVmVsV[^ÞZ [^ÞZ OmVtMohs eäX[deof Am[U^mfm[deofhs AmT>iVmV. oWo EH$m eäXmMmC„oI H$aVmo. _m¨g (_Q>Z) `m eäXmMs [H$Vs[d[dY ë$no AmhoV~Km. gmJwVs, MmË`m(dmiV KmVbobo_m¨gmMo VwH$So>),~a~mQ> (_m¨gmMmaògm), CaHw¨$Xm(N>mVsMo _m¨g),JwS>gm (_m¨gbmJbobs Zis),Im¨S>é`m (dmiboì`m_m¨gmMo VwH$So>), Ho$Z(dOS>s), S>bs(_m¨gmMm VwH$S>m),[OOs (_Q>Z),JoidU (_m¨g) ho.`mgmaIo EH$mMdòVyes [ZJ[S>VAgUmao eäX, _amR>s ^mfoMo gm¢ïR>d Zího H$m`?X[bV dmL³>_`sZ H¦$VsV oUmao AZoH$ eäXòdV:Ms Zds _wÑm XoUmao AmhoV. á_mU ^mfoMmí`Wª AmJ¬h YaUmé`m Aå`mgH$m¨Zs, X[bVeäXm¨Ms òdV¨Í á[V_m d _wÑm bjmV KoUoAmdî`H$ Amho. ho eäX AÞ`Í AmT>iV ZmhsVnU Vo _amR>s AmhoV. `m eäXm¨Mm Vm|S>dim Am[UáH¦$Vs òdV¨Í Amho. _amR>s ^mfoMo Vo yfUMhmo`. _amR>dmS>s, déhmS>s, ImZXoes(A[hamUs), H$moH$Us, `m ~mobs ^mfm¨Vsb H$mhseäXm¨Mm [ZX}e H$aVmo. æhUOo _amR>s ^mfoMo hod¢ d, _amR>s mfoMo [dï` AŸmamV Amho, AesAmoaS> H$aUmé`m¨Zm [Xbmgm XoD$ eHo$b. eäX dÌ`m¨Mo AWª oUoá_mUo -

~|S>dm (IwamS>), \$moH$ZmS> (Wmn),\$moH$ZmS>èm (WmnmS>èm), [hamoVs (bmb

[VIQ>), BMH$B¨X (_moS>VmoS>), JmJam (Yyi),AJmoes (ê_mb), AmâmZ (nmoVamOmMma¨Js~oa¨Js KmJam), H$mi[Oå`m (AneHw$Zs),AmaXH$m¨S>s (nmo»$), BJmoS> ([dMH$m),Pw¨~aKmBª (H$bH$bmQ>), doQ>mi (_moh„m),BòVmar (nÍmdmi), C~waJw~ya (CKS>CKS>),Am^miUs (C¨M), Iwbdar (H$_mBª), KZKmd(_O~yV), H$m|S>ma (JwamT>moam¨Zm ~gË`mMsOmJm), K_S>èm (bmMma), CH$sa (CH$abobm_mVsMm T>sJ), [H$Vmb ([T>Jmam), [VV¨~m

(Jm|Yi), Cbm (MwbsMm EH$ ^mJ),AmiyMbmds (_ZH$dS>s), I¨Jmob (PwnH$m),Kw_mi (gw¨Xa) CXmhaUo æhUyZ `m X[bVgm[hÌ`mV òUmé`m `m WmoS>èmM eäXm¨Mm [ZX}eHo$bm. _amR>s ^mfoVsbM ho eäX AmhoV. `meäXmÏoarO Z_wZm æhUyZ H$mhs dmŠáMmam¨Mmd æhUtMm C„oI H$aVm òBªb. CXm : EH$Jmd gyZm Va Xg Jmd nyZm (EH$mdaMAdb¨~yZ Z amhmUo), Jar~ Jm` AmZ³S>m¨¾`mVb¨ H$Usg Im` (daH$aUs gmYm nUAmVyZ ~oaH$s), KmoS>èmdë$Z nS>md¨ AmZ³[e©JamM¨ H$mZ _moS>md¨ (EH$mMs H$aUs,Xwgé`mg [ejm), AmS>mV JwidUs, AmZ³PmS>mbm H$mZdbs (A[Ve`mo»$s H$aUo).

Voíhm X[bV gm[hÌ`[Z[_ªVsZo _amR>s^mfobm AZoH$ Zdo AWªnyUª eäX, dmŠáMma,æhUs [Xì`m AmhoV. _amR>s ^mfm æhUOo Ho$diá_mU ^mfm hm g_O Xya H$ë$Z X[bVgm[hÌ`mZo _amR>s ^mfobm d¢^d [Xbo Amho `mVe¨H$m Zmhs.

g¨nHª$ … 9422205187rr

X[bV gm[hÌ`H¦$VsVsb AZoH$ eäX, dmŠáMma, æhUs _amR>s ^mfobmAn[a[MV AmhoV. _amR>s ^mfobm Vo \$ma _moRo> `moJXmZ Amho. doJdoJú`m^m¢Jmo[bH$ áXoem¨V EH$mM eäXmMo [^ÞZ [^ÞZ AWªhs hmoVmV. ho d¢[dÝ`bjUs` Amho. Ì`mVyZ g¨òH¦$VsMo doJio Am[dïH$mahs áVsV hmoVmV.

38

nbr ^mfm Amnì`m OrdZmÁ`mgdª joÍm¨V H$m`ª H$arV AgVo.CXm. í`dhma, emô, H$bm.

Ym{‘ªH$ joÍmV H$‘ªH$m¨S>mMr ^mfm AgVo,H¦${fjoÍmMr ^mfm AgVo, {Za{Zamú`mí`dgm`m¨Mr ^mfm AgVo, áÌòH$M ^mfmAmnì`m narZo òd`¨nyUª AgVo. dfmªZwdf}AZoH$ {nT>èm¨Mo í`dhma Ì`m ^mfoÁ`m AmYmaoMmbbobo AgVmV. Xÿgé`m g‘mOmer, Xÿgé`mg¨òH¦$Vrer g¨nHª$ hmoVmo Voíhm ^mfoV â nS>VAgVo. {~¬{Q>e amOdQ>rV aoìdo, nmoòQ>,Q>o{bJ¬m‘$, AH$mC¨Q>³g BÌ`mXr joÍmVbr ^mfm

Ambr. OrdZmV Zdr

joÍo {Z‘mªU hmoVmV Voíhm Amnì`m ^mfoVhrn[adVªZ KS>V AgVo. H$mb Am{U n[apòWVr`m¨Zwgma ^mfoV ~Xb hmoVmV.

`mXdH$mbrZ, {edH$mbrZ, noedoH$mbrZ,Aídb B¨J¬OrVrb ^mfoV ~Xb hmoV AmOMr,AmVmMr ^mfm V`ma Pmbobr Amho. ámH¦$V,g¨òH¦$V, n{eª`Z, Aao{~H$, B¨J¬Or, nmoVwªJrOBÌ`mXr ^mfm¨Mo g¨òH$ma Pmbo. AmVmÁ`m ^mfoVH$m±æà`wQ>a, B¨Q>aZoQ>, ‘mo~mBb ’$moZ Aem Zí`mJmoð>r Amboì`m AmhoV. Zí`m kmZemImAmboì`m AmhoV. H$bm, dm{UÂ`, {dkmZ,V¨ÍkmZ `m joÍm¨‘Ýò Zdo {dMma AmboboAmhoV, Zí`m g¨H$ìnZm Amboì`m AmhoV.

í`dhmamÁ`m Am{U kmZmÁ`m ZdZí`m

joÍm¨‘Ýò Amnì`m ^mfoZo g¨MmaHo$bm nm{hOo Ago Amnì`mbm

dmQ>V AgVo. Ì`mgmR>rZdr eäXë$no KS>dbrOmUo Amdî`H$ R>aVo.

^mfm g‘¦Ö hmoV AgVo.‘amR>r ^mfoMm {dMma H$aVmZm

Amnì`mbm ‘amR>r ~mobtMm {dMma H$amdmbmJVmo. ‘amR>rÁ`m AZoH$ ~mobr AmhoV.doJdoJú`m ^mJm¨Vì`m OZOrdZmVrbí`dhmam¨Á`m Ì`m dmhH$ AmhoV. Ì`m amoOÁ`mg¨^mfUmVì`m AmhoV, VemM Ì`m b¾ZmXr{dYrV dmnaì`m OmUmé`m AmhoV, Ì`m~mobr¨‘Ýò Ioi, òd`¨nmH$mMo nXmWª,{^ÞZ{^ÞZ dZònVr `m¨gmR>rXoIrbeäX^m¨S>ma Amho. áÌòH$ g‘mO JQ>mMr òdV:MrAer ~mobr AgVo. EH$ ‘Ý`dVu ^mfm Agmdr,kmZmÁ`m-{dMmamÁ`m joÍmV gdm«Zm Vr

dmnaVm `mdr `mgmR>rá‘mU ^mfoMm AmJ¬h

Yabm OmVmo. á‘mU ^mfm ho ^mfoMo EH$gdª‘mÞ` Ago ë$n AgVo. Vo AZoH$ dfm«VyZKS>V Ambobo AgVo. á‘mU ^mfm hr H$moUÌ`mhrEH$m ^y^mJmVì`m, H$moUÌ`m EH$m JQ>mMr ^mfmZgVo. ^mfoMm amOH$maUmgmR>r Cn`moJH$aVmZm H$mhr doim Agm Ang‘O V`maHo$bm OmVmo. H$moUÌ`mhr EH$m ^mfH$ JQ>mMr Vr^mfm ZgyZhr gdªM ^mfH$ JQ>m¨Mr Vr ^mfmAgVo. Ì`mM~amo~a ~mobr hr AkmZr, {ZajabmoH$m¨Mr ^mfm AgVo hmhr J¢ag‘OM Amho.~mobt‘Ýò AZoH$ {nT>èm¨Á`m kmZmMm Am{UehmUnUmMm gmR>m AgVmo.

~mobt‘wio á‘mU ^mfm g‘¦Ö hmoV AgVo.Ì`m‘wio ~mobr Zð> hmoVm H$m‘m Zò Ago^mfoÁ`m {hVqMVH$m¨Zm dmQ>V AgVo. eoVr‘Ýò`mdfuÁ`m {nH$m¨‘YyZ nwT>Á`m dfmªVnoaË`mgmR>r ~r{~`mUo {ZKy ZòV Aer {~`mUrAmbobr AmhoV. na¨naoZo MmbV Ambobr CÌH¦$ð>{~`mUr Ì`m‘wio Zð> Pmbobr AmhoV. ~mobrAemM Zð> Pmì`m Va Amnbr á‘mU ^mfm{Z:gÏd hmoBªb. {ejUjoÍmV ^mfm VrZ áH$maoòVo. ^mfoMo {ejU, gm{hÌ`mMo {ejU Am{U{df`m¨Mo ‘mÝ`‘. {df`mMo ‘mÝ`‘ æhUyZEImÛm ^mfoMm òdrH$ma H$aVmZm ‘w¼` AS>MUnm[a^m{fH$ g¨km¨Mr AgVo. AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVgdªM {df`m¨Vrb kmZmMm ómoV `wamon dA‘o[aH$m òWrb kmZmMm gmR>m hm Amho.`wamon‘Ýò doJdoJú`m ^mfm AmhoV. Ì`mVbokmZ B¨J¬Or ^mfoV òV AgVo. Amnì`mgmR>rB¨J¬Or hmM Iam ómoV Amho. B¨J¬Or {dÛmæhUOo B¨J¬Or ^mfoVrb {dÛm. B¨J¬Or ^mfmAm{U gm{hÌ` hm doJim kmZ{df` Amho.

doJdoJú`m kmZemIm¨‘Ybo kmZB¨J¬OrVyZ ‘amR>rV AmUVmZm nm[a^m{fH$g¨km KS>dmí`m bmJVmV. gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZoAgmoV H$s ^m¢{VH$ {dkmZo, gdªM {df`m¨VZdZí`m kmZmMr â nS>V AgVo. ho kmZ

dg¨V Am~mOr S>hmHo$

Am

^mfm Am{U Apò‘Vm

doJdoJú`m kmZemIm¨‘Ybo kmZ B¨J¬OrVyZ‘amR>rV AmUVmZm nm[a^m{fH$ g¨km KS>dmí`mbmJVmV. gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZo AgmoV H$s ^m¢{VH${dkmZo, gdªM {df`m¨V ZdZí`m kmZmMr â nS>VAgVo. ho kmZ B¨J¬Or ^mfoV Â`m doJmZo,gj‘VoZo Am{U g‘WªnUo òVo Vmo doJ, Vrgj‘Vm, Vr g‘WªVm ho kmZ ‘amR>rV AmUË`mÁ`mÒð>rZo {XgV Zmhr.

39

B¨J¬Or ^mfoV Â`m doJmZo, gj‘VoZo Am{Ug‘WªnUo òVo Vmo doJ, Vr gj‘Vm, Vrg‘WªVm ho kmZ ‘amR>rV AmUË`mÁ`m Òð>rZo{XgV Zmhr. `m g¨X^mªV H$mhr CnH¬$‘ gwë$Ho$bo hmoVo. nwT>o Vo ‘¨X Pmbo, AWdm ~¨X nS>bo.gdª {df`m¨gmR>r ‘amR>r ‘mÝ`‘mMm AmJ¬hAdî` H$amdm, Ì`mMdoir Vmo {df` ‘amR>rVyZ{eH$Ë`mgmR>r Mm¨Jbr nmR>ènwòVHo$ Agbrnm{hOoV, BVa nyaH$ gm{hÌ` ‘amR>rVyZ Agbonm{hOo Am{U A{YH$ nwT>Mo kmZ XoUmarnwòVHo$hr ‘amR>rVyZ Agbr nm{hOoV `mMmhrAmJ¬h Yabm nm{hOo. AÞ`Wm nwòVHo$ ZmhrVæhUyZ ‘mÝ`‘mMm {dMma H$aVm òV Zmhr AerpòWVr H$m`‘M AgUma.

^mfoÁ`m g¨X^mªV gm{hÌ`mMo {ejU hmhrEH$ ‘hÏdmMm ^mJ Amho. Voamí`m eVH$mnmgyZAmOVmJm`V ‘amR>r gm{hÌ` {b{hbo OmVAmho. ‘amR>r gm{hÌ`mMr A{Ve` g‘¦Ö na¨namAmho. hm dmagm Amnì`mbm bm^bobm Amho`mMr OmUrd ‘amR>r ^mfH$m¨Zm íhmdr, `mgm{hÌ`mMm Ì`m¨Zr gyû‘ Aå`mg H$amdm`mgmR>r {ejUmV gm{hÌ`mMm A¨V^mªd

H$aË`mV òVmo.H${dVm, H$Wm,

b{bV boI,EH$m¨{H$H$m, H$mX¨~ar,

ZmQ>H$, {Z~Ÿ ho ë$n~Ÿ H$go{dH$[gV hmoV Jobo, Voamí`meVH$mnmgyZ AmOn`«V ^mfo‘ÝòH$gH$go ~Xb hmoV Jobo, Om{Udm¨ModoJdoJio ádmh H$go Ambo,Am{dïH$mamMo doJdoJio á`moJ H$go

Pmbo ho Aå`mgH$m¨Zmg‘Omdo hm gm{hÌ`mÁ`m

{ejUm‘mJMm CÕoe AgVmo.Ì`mMá‘mUo gm{hÌ`mVyZí`»$ hmoUmé`m

OrdZ^mZmMm, ‘yì`m¨Mmg¨òH$ma íhmdm hohr C{Õð> AgVo.gm{hÌ`m‘wio ^mfoMo g¨òH$mahmoVmV, eäXg¨nÏmr dmT>Vo,A{^í`»$sÁ`m {Za{Zamú`marVr H$iVmV. Ì`m‘wio ^mfm

{eH$dm`Mr Va Ì`mgmR>r H${dVm, H$Wm, b{bVJÛ BÌ`mXr áH$mam¨Vrb doÁ`m¨MmnmR>ènwòVH$mV g‘mdoe Ho$bm nm{hOoAer g‘OyV Amho. ‘amR>r {df`mMrnmR>ènwòVHo$ `mMm AWª {Za{Zamú`mboIH$m¨Á`m doÁ`m¨Mm g¨J¬h Agog‘rH$aU Pmbobo Amho. ‘mÍ B`Ïmm~mamdrn`«VM ^mfoMo-gm{hÌ`mMo ho{ejU gmdª{ÍH$ òdë$nmMo AgVo.Ì`mZ¨Va Ho$di ~rEbm OmUmé`m{dÛmÐ`m«Zm Vo Iwbo AgVo. dm{UÂ`,{dkmZ, A{^`m¨{ÍH$s, d¢ÛH${dÛm,í`dòWmnZ{dÛm BÌ`mXrkmZemIm¨H$S>o OmUmé`m¨Zmgm{hÌ`{ejUmnmgyZ d¨{MV R>odboOmVo.

~rEbm OmUmao {dÛmWugm{hÌ`mMm "gm{hÌ` : EH$ H$bm' `mÒð>rZo Aå`mg H$aVmV Ago ‘mZboVa Vo ~mamdrn`«V ^mfm {eH$V hmoVoH$s gm{hÌ` {eH$V hmoVo H$sgm{hÌ`H¦$VtÁ`m ‘mÝ`‘mVyZ ^mfm{eH$V hmoVo? Agm áîZ CnpòWV

hmoVmo. Ì`mMá‘mUo OrdZ^mZ, ‘yì`g¨òH$maBÌ`mXr Jmoð>r ~mamdrn`«V R>rH$ AmhoV, nwT>oÌ`m¨Mr H$mhr JaO Zmhr, {deofV: dm{UÂ`,{dkmZ, A{^`m¨{ÍH$s, d¢ÛH${dÛm,í`dòWmnZ{dÛm BÌ`mXr kmZemIm¨H$S>oOmUmé`m¨Zm Va H$mhr JaOM Zmhr Agog‘Om`Mo H$m`?

^mfoMo {ejU hm EH$ ‘hÏdmMm ‘wÕm Amho.òd^mfoMo {ejU Am{U na^mfoMo {ejU AgoXmoZ {df` AmhoV. òd^mfoMo, CXm. ‘amR>rMo. hr^mfm ‘wbm¨Zm AdJV AgVo. ‘wbo ~mobVAgVmV. {b{hUo {eH$m`Mo AgVo. Ì`mMá‘mUoQ>àà`mQ>àà`mZo OrdZmÁ`m {d{dY joÍm¨Vdmnabr OmUmar ^mfm {eH$m`Mr AgVo.òd^mfoMo {ejU KoV AgVmZmM òd^mfoÁ`m~mobtMrhr AmoiI íhm`bm hdr. IaoVa {d{dY~mobr ~mobUmar ‘wbo á‘mU ^mfm {eH$m`bmAmbobr AgVmV. á‘mU ^mfm Am{U ~mobr`m¨V Cƒ-ZrMVoMm ôX^md Z H$aVm Ì`mXmoÞht‘Ýò gmŸm OmoS>bm nm{hOo.

g¨nHª$ … 9890362703rr

^mfoMo {ejU æhUOo H${dVm¨Mo, H$Wm¨Mo {ejU Zího. í`dhmamV ^mfmH$er dmnabr OmV AgVo, emôr` boIZmV ^mfoMo ë$n H$go AgVo,

{d{dY í`dgm`m¨V ^mfm H$er dmnabr OmVo, gm{hÌ`H¦$Vt‘Ýò^mfoMr A{^í`»$s H$er AgVo ho H¬$‘mH¬$‘mZo {eH$m`Mo

’o$~¬wdmar 2013

40 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

Â`H$Ì`m«Ms Os ^mfm AgVo VsÌ`m áXoemVbs áOmòdsH$mam`Mm á`ÌZ H$aVo, hm

OJâmMm B[Vhmg Amho. _mUyg _mUgmbmH$iË`mgmR>s ^mfm Cn`moJs Agbs Var,nmoQ>mbm AÞZ XoU¨ hmhs ^mfoMm EH$ Cn`moJAgVmo, Am[U amÂ`H$Ì`m«_Ýò nmoQ>mbm XoË`mMsVmH$X Agì`mZ¨, Ì`m¨Ms ^mfm áOoH$Sy>ZòdsH$mabs OmU¨ ho gmh[OH$ Amho.

Xwgé`m ~mOybm amÂ`H$Ì`m«Zmhs áOoMsJaO AgVoM. Ì`m_wi¨ OJâÁ`m [H$ÌòH$[R>H$mUs amÂ`H$V} Am[U áOm `m¨Á`m ^mfm¨Mog¨H$a Pmì`mM¨hs [XgyZ òV¨. g¨H$[aV ^mfm¨MmAgm B[Vhmg Va ^maVmV Xm¨S>Jm Amho.

^maV hm ~hw^m[fH$ Xoe Amho. AJXsWmoS>èm WmoS>èm A¨VamgmR>s EHo$H$ òdV¨Í ^mfmAg¨ AmOM¨ [MÍ Amho. hs ~hw^m[fH$Vm H$es[Z_mªU Pmbs, H$es [dH$[gV Pmbs `mMmdmòVd Am[U XsKª B[Vhmg _mÃ`m dmMZmVVar Ambm Zmhs. [H$_mZ dsg Vo Mmisg hOma

dfm«Mm hm ^maVs` ^mfm KS>UsMm B[VhmgAgmdm Ag¨ _bm _mZd dëemômÁ`m Am[U_mZds òWbm¨Vam¨Á`m AmYmamda dmQ>V¨. EH$òdV¨Í Am[U gVV H$m`ªaV AgUmam Aå`mgJQ> [Z_mªU H$ë$Z `m B[VhmgmM¨ í`d{òWVCÌIZZ íhm`bm hd¨. `m ^mfm B[Vhmg

gëmoYZmVbm _moR>m AS>Wim R>aob Vmo - Am[UAmOhs R>aVmo Amho Vmo- g¨òH¦$V hs gdª^maVs` ^mfm¨Ms OZZs Amho, ho [dYmZ.AJXs da da nm[hb¨ Var `m [dYmZmbmH$mhshs AWª Zmhs, Ag¨ bjmV òV¨. Am[U^maVmVì`m gdª ^mfm g¨òH¦$V_YyZ H$emOÞ_mbm Amì`m `mMs [b[IV _m¨S>Ushs Hw$R¨>CnbäY hmoV Zmhs. `m [dYmZmÁ`m gÌ`VoMmH$m~ybnmgyZ H$mo[hæ`mn`«VMm Am[UH$mî_ranmgyZ Ho$ain`«VMm B[Vhmg Hw$UsVar_m¨S>m`bm hdm Ag¨ _bm Zoh_s dmQ>V¨.

AmOÁ`m `m gdª ^maVs` ^mfm EH$_oH$tMmg¨H$a AmhoV EdT¨> _mÍ [Z{îMV dmQ>V¨. g¨òH¦$Vhs `m XoemVì`m H$moUÌ`mhs amÂ`H$Ì`m«Ms^mfm ZíhVs Am[U áOoMs Va Vs ZíhVsMH$Ys. gdª Am`m«ZmgwÖm g¨òH¦$V ^mfmdmnaË`mMm A[YH$ma ZíhVm, Am`m«_Yì`m\$»$ CƒdUu`m¨Zm Am{U Ì`mVhr Ho$dinwêfm¨ZmM Vs ^mfm dmnaË`mMm A[YH$ma Amho-Ag¨ Ì`m ^mfo~ÕbM¨ [dYmZ Amho, Am[U VogÌ` Agob Va - Vs ^mfm amÂ`H$Ì`m«Ms,amÂ`H$ma^mamMs Am[U áOoÁ`m dmnamMs AgUëŠ` Zmhs Am[U Vg¨ Agob Va gdª ^maVs`^mfm g¨òH¦$V_YyZ OÞ_mbm Amì`m `m[dYmZmbm H$mhs AWª Zmhs. H$maU H$mhs[d[eïQ> Am[U _moOHo$ bmoH$ g¨òH¦$V dmnaVhmoVo, Voíhm g_mOmVbo ~hwg¨¼` bmoH$^mfo[edm` _wHo$ amhV hmoVo, H$mhs [d[eïQ>_moOHo$ bmoH$ EH$_oH$mës g¨òH¦$V_Ýò ~mobVhmoVo, Voíhm ~mH$sMo ~hwg¨¼` bmoH$ Ì`m¨ZmEH$_oH$mës ~mobm`bm ^mfmM Zgì`mZ¨ _wHo$OJV hmoVo, H$maU Vo g¨òH¦$V_YyZ Amnmnì`m^mfm OÞ_mbm òË`mMs dmQ> nmhV hmoVo, Agm`mMm AWª hmoBªb Am[U Vmo gdªWm MwH$sMm Amho.

AmO OJmVbs EH$hs ^mfm òdV¨Í ZmhsAm[U OÞ_mbm Amì`mnmgyZÁ`m ewÖòdë$nmV CnbäY Amho Ag¨hs Zmhs. _wimV^mfoM¨ òdë$n ewÖ-AewÖ AgU¨ Ag¨ eŠ`Zmhs. [d[dY ^m[fH$ _mUgm¨Mm g¨~Ÿ [OW¨[OW¨ òV amhUma, [VW¨ [VW¨ ^mfm¨MsEH$_oH$m¨V [_giU hmoV amhUma. hm IoiOwZmM Amho Am[U AmOhs MmbyM Amho Am[UOJmVì`m gdªM ^mfm¨~Õb Vmo gÌ` Amho.EH$_oH$tÁ`m g¨nH$mªV òUmé`m ^mfm EH$_oH$tMog¨òH$ma KoUmaM. Ì`m [Z`_mZ¨ _amR>s ^mfmAmnbm AmH$ma KoV Jobs Am[U nwT¨>hs VsAmH$ma KoV amhUmaM.

‘amR>rbm {‘imbm AmH$maJoì`m Mma-nmM hOma dfm«V _amR>s ^mfobm

Omo AmH$ma Ambm, Ì`mV Vwiy, nmbs,AYª_mJYs, Aa~s, \$mags `m ^mfm¨Mm _moR>mdmQ>m Amho Ag¨ _bm dmQ>V¨. (^maVmVì`mAmOÁ`m BVa ^mfm¨Mm B[Vhmghs AgmMAgUma.) OZm¨Á`m-áOoÁ`m EH$_oH$m¨Á`mg¨gJmªZ¨ Va hs ^mfm AmH$mambm AmbsM, nUamÂ`H$Ì`m«Mm á^mdhs `m ^mfm¨Á`m AmH$mamV

amOZ ImZ

am

g¨H¬$‘UmVrb ‘amR>r ^mfm

_amR>s g_mOmVì`m gm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>s `m joÍmZ¨ OodT>èm Vi_isZ¨ XsKª H$mi_amR>s ^mfoÁ`m [M©VoMm _wÕm bmdyZ Yabm`, VodT>èm Vi_isZ¨ _amR>sg_mOmVì`m BVa joÍm¨Zs, KQ>H$m¨Zs Vmo _wÕm bmdyZ Yabobm [XgV Zmhs.CÛmoJ, Amamo¾`, eoVs, [ejU, Þ`m`, amOH$maU, í`mnma BÌ`mXs Os _amR>sg_mOmMs BVa gdª joÍ¨ AmhoV, Ì`m¨Ms _amR>s ^mfo~ÕbMs `mÁ`m _mJÁ`mH$mimV H$m` ^y[_H$m hmoVs [Z AmO H$m` Amho? Va Vs ^y[_H$m gmVÌ`mZÄZmòWoMs Am[U XwbªjmMsM am[hbobs. ^mfm OJdU¨, [Q>H$dU¨, [VMs d¦ÖsH$aU¨ ho H$mhs \$»$ gm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>sM¨ H$m_ ZgV¨, Va EH$mM dois gdªM joÍm¨Zsùm [df`mV nyUª AmòWoZ¨ gh^mJ Ûm`Mm AgVmo.

41’o$~¬wdmar 2013

am[hbm. Aa~s-\$magsMm _amR>sVbm á^md hmHo$di amÂ`H$Ì`m«_wi¨ am[hbm Ag¨ _bm dmQ>VZmhs, Va Aa~s-\$mags ^m[fH$ amÂ`H$V}^maVmV òË`mAmYsnmgyZ òWbm¨Va¨, í`mnma`m [Z[_ÏmmZ¨ òUmao Aa~s-\$mags ^m[fH$bmoH$, ^m[fH$ g¨gJmªV _w¼` am[hbo Ag¨dmQ>V¨. hm áH$ma VsZ Vo nmM hOma df« OwZmAgmdm. Aa~s-\$mags ^mfm `m _w{òb_m¨Á`mAmhoV Agm EH$ J¢ag_O Amnì`mH$S¨> Amho.Bòbm_Ms òWmnZm hmoD$Z \$»$ nŸameo df«Pmbs, Aa~s-\$mags `m ^mfmÌ`mAmYsnmgyZÁ`m AmhoV. OJmVì`mH$moUÌ`mhs ^mfm H$Ys Hw$Ë`m Y_mªÁ`m-OmVsÁ`m_mbH$sÁ`m ZíhÌ`m. AndmX g¨òH¦$V._wgb_mZ amÂ`H$V} ^maVmV òË`mAmYsnmgyZAa~s-\$mags ^m[fH$ amÂ`H$V} ^maVmVZm¨Xì`mMm B[Vhmg Amho. nwT¨> Aa~s-\$mags^m[fH$ amÂ`H$V} Am[U ^maVs` ^mfm `m¨Á`mg¨H$amVyZ CXyª hs ^mfm OÞ_mbm Ambs.

_amR>s ^m[fH$ ám¨Vmda amÂ` Ho$boì`mamÂ`H$Ì`m«Zs _amR>s ^mfoMm dmna Ho$ì`mMsCXmhaU¨ \$ma ZmhsV. Am[Xbemhs, ZJaMs[ZOm_emhs Am[U [edmOs _hmamOm¨ZsAa~s-\$mags~amo~a XIZs Am[U _amR>s^mfoMm dmna Ho$ì`mMo C„oI AmT>iVmV.

B¨J¬O òBªn`«V ^maVmV ámXo[eH$ ^mfmAm[U amÂ`H$Ì`m«Ms ^mfm `m¨Á`m [_giUsMmIoi MmbV am[hbm. B¨J¬Om¨Zs amÂ` Vmä`mVKoVmZm \$mags-CXyªMm AmYma KoVbobm [XgVmo.nU nwT¨> amÂ` nyUªnUo Vmä`mV Amì`mdaÌ`m¨Zs BVa gdª ^mfm¨Zm S>ƒy XoD$Z Ho$diB¨J¬Os ^mfm bmXm`bm gwêdmV Ho$bs. Ho$diVsM EH$_od amÂ`H$ma^mamMs ^mfm Ro>dbs.Z¨Va Vo Jobo, nU OmVmZm BWì`m bmoH$emhsamÂ`H$Ì`m«Zm B¨J¬Os hs AmÌ_s` ^mfm dmQo>b`mMs í`dòWm H$ë$Z Jobo.

^mfmdma ám¨VaMZmòdmV¨Î`mZ¨Va ^mfmdma ám¨VaMZm A¨_bmV

Ambs, nU ám¨Vm¨Ms gaH$ma¨ Am[U H|$Ñ gaH$ma`m¨Zm OmoS>Umar ^mfm AZ[YH¦$V æhUV æhUVA[YH¦$VnUo B¨J¬OsM am[hbs. 1947 gmbsgs_m¨Ms [Z{îMVs Pmbobm AmH$ma~Ö AgmEH$ Xoe, ^maV `m ZmdmZ¨ Amnì`mbm[_imbm, nU Am¼¼`m Xoembm, XoemVì`máÌòH$ ZmJ[aH$mbm EH$_oH$mës OmoSy>Z KoBªb,Aes EH$hs Xoes ^mfm Amnì`mbm [_imbsZmhs. AmnU gJú`mës [_iyZ Ves EH$hs^mfm amïQμ>s` hmoUma Zmhs, `mMs VOdsOH$aË`mVM Amnb¨ òdmV¨Î` Kmbdb¨.n[aUm_V: B¨J¬Os hs ^mfm amÂ`H$ma^mamMs

Pmbs. ^maVs` ^mfm¨Zm ámXo[eH$ S>~Š`m¨M¨òdë$n Amb¨ Am[U amïQμ>s` nmVisdagwÖmEH$mhs amÂ`s` [H©$dm ámXo[eH$ ^mfobm _hÏdòUma Zmhs `mMs í`dòWm Ho$bs.

^maV ~hw[dY g¨òH¦$VtZs ZQ>bobm,~hw^m[fH$ Xoe Agì`mM¨ ~é`mMXm A[^_mZmZ¨~mobb¨ OmV¨. nU hm A[^_mZ _bm d¦Wm Am[U[ZaWªH$ dmQ>Vmo. Am¼¼`m amïQμ>mbm òdV:MsAes H$moUVshs EH$ ^mfm ZgU¨ ho _bm hoamïQμ>, "amïQμ>' æhUyZ AI¨S> C^¨ am[hb¨Zgì`mM¨ bjU dmQ>V¨. amÂ`H$Ì`m«ZsH$ma^mamgmR>s B¨J¬OsMm dmna H$aU¨, hoámXo[eH$ [H©$dm Xoes ^mfm¨Zs S>moH$s da H$mTy>ZòV æhUyZ Ho$bobs í`dòWm dmQ>Vo.

AmVm Va OmJ[VH$sH$aUmMm H$mi AmhoAm[U Ì`mMs A[YH¦$V g¨nHª$ ^mfm B¨J¬OsMAmho. OmJ[VH$sH$aUmV amÂ`H$V} Va AmoT>boJobobo AmhoVM, nU Ì`m¨Á`m nmR>monmR> g_mOhs

AmoT>bm OmUma ho [Z{îMV Amho. VoM AmVmÁ`m`m OmJ[VH$sH$aUmM¨ _moR¨> d¢[eïQ>è Amho. `mOmJ[VH$sH$aUmMs ^mfm CKS>nUo B¨J¬OsAgì`mZo g_mOhs AmVm `m ^mfoÁ`mN>ÍN>mòV AmoT>bm OmUma hohs An[ahm`ª Amho.

amïQμ> ZmdmMs g¨H$ìnZm OÞ_mbmòË`mAmYs- XsS>eoXmoZeo dfm«nydu _mUgm¨MsòWbm¨Va¨, í`mnma, amÂ` H$am`bm OmU¨, áXoebwQ>m`bm OmU¨ Aem ë$nm¨_YbsOmJ[VH$sH$aU¨ n¦Ðdsâ H$m`_M Mmby hmoVsAm[U Ì`mV ^mfm¨Á`m g¨H$amMo Ioihs H$m`_MMmby hmoVo. nU Ì`m OmJ[VH$sH$aUm_ÝòH$moUÌ`mhs EH$m ^mfoM¨ dMªòd ZíhV¨. AmVmÁ`m`m OmJ[VH$sH$aUmM¨ _mÍ Vg¨ Zmhs. `m

OmJ[VH$sH$aUmMs ^mfm Joì`m XmoZVsZeodfm«Vì`m B¨J¬Om¨Á`m gdªXya nmohmoMË`m_wiÄmnmoAmn B¨J¬Os R>ë$Z Jobs AgyZ VsOJâÁ`m áÌòH$ ámXo[eH$ ^mfobm _mJ¨hQ>dyZ Amnb¨ òWmZ ~iH$Q> H$aV [ZKmbsAmho. òdV:Mm ^m[fH$ A[^_mZ Am[U A{ò_VmAgbobo Oo áXoe AmhoV. CXm. \¬$mÞg,O_ªZs, MsZ, BQ>bs, ònoZ, nmoVwªJmb, Aa~amïQμ>¨, OnmZ BÌ`mXs, Vohs AmVm B¨J¬Osg_moaJwS>Ko Qo>H$VmZm [Xgy bmJbo AmhoV. X[jUA_o[aH$m, Am[\¬$H$m Am[U Am[e`m_Yb¨ Oo[dH$gZesb amïQμ>m¨M¨ [Vga¨ OJ Amho, Ì`mbm^m[fH$ A{ò_Vm- [H$_mZ OmJ[VH$nmVisdaMs - H$YsM ZíhVs. `m [Vgé`mOJmVì`m [H$ÌòH$ amïQμ>m¨Zm òdV:Á`m ^mfmhmoÌ`mM, nU B¨J¬Os, òn±[Ze, \¬o¨$M ^mfmAmH¬$_U H$am`bm Amì`m Voíhm Ì`m¨Zs Ì`mhsòdsH$maì`m. [Vgé`m OJmVì`m amïQμ>m¨Zm _mÍ

òdV:Ms EH$M ^mfm H$YsM ZíhVs. `mXoemVì`m N>moQ>èm N>moQ>èm áXoem¨Zm òdV:Á`m^mfm Am[U Ì`m¨Á`m A{ò_Vm hmoÌ`m, nU AI¨S>amïQμ>s` nmVisda [H©$dm gdª amïQμ> [_iyZ EH$m^mfoMs A{ò_Vm AgË`mMs AdòWm H$YsMZíhVs. Ì`m_wi¨ B¨J¬Os ^mfoMs á^md á[H¬$`m^maVmV AJXs ghOM Pmbs. XoemMs~hw^m[fH$Vm Am[U ^m[fH$ A{ò_Vm¨Ms[dI¨[S>V, [dòH$isV AdòWm B¨J¬OsÁ`m[eaH$mdmbm gmo`sòH$a R>abs.OmJ[VH$sH$aUmVì`m B¨J¬Os ^mfogmR>s ^maVhm OUy AmYsnmgyZ Am`VmM nm`KS>èmA¨Wë$Z ~gbobm hmoVm.

AmVmÁ`m `m OmJ[VH$sH$aUmMs á[H¬$`m

42 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

I¨[S>V hmoV Zmhs [H©$dm OJ Amnmnì`mamïQμ>m¨_Ýò nwÞhm AmH$gV Zmhs, Vmoda, [H©$dmòÌ`m nÞZmg-gmR> dfm«V OJmMs _w¼` ^mfmB¨J¬Os hmoUma, ho [Z{îMV Amho. hs AdòWmHw$Um amÂ`H$Ì`m«Á`m ^mfoZ¨, g_mOmÁ`m ^mfoV[_giË`mMs Zmhs, Va Joì`m XmoZVsZeodfm«V OJâ Oo òdV:M¨ amÂ` B¨J¬Os ^mfoZ¨[Z_mªU Ho$bob¨ Amho, Ì`mMs n[aUVs æhUyZ,í`mnmar Am[U nmoQ>mWu OJmMs g¨nH$mªMsAn[ahm`ª JaO æhUyZ B¨J¬OsMm á^md òÌ`mH$mimda Am[U OJmda amhUma Amho.

‘amR>rM¨ H$m` hmoUma?AemV Amnì`m _amR>s ^mfoM¨ H$m` hmoUma,

Agm áîZ Amho. Iyn bmoH$ æhUVmV, Am[UAg¨ dmQ>V¨ H$s, Iyn bmoH$m¨Mm AmdS>Vm gyaAmho H$s, _amR>s ^mfm _aUmgÞZ Amho, Vs_aUma Amho. H$mhs WmoSo> bmoH$ Jw_uZ¨ æhUVmVH$s, H$mhs hmoV Zmhs _amR>s ^mfobm, Vs _aUmaZmhs. (eha¨ _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m ~m~VsV [~KS>bsAgbs Var _amR>s IoS>èm¨_Ýò [Od¨V AmhoAm[U IoS>sM Vs ^mfm OJdVsb Ag¨hsÌ`mVbo H$mhs bmoH$ æhUVmV, AmYw[ZH$gw[dYm¨Ms Os ^mfm AgVo Am[U Os ^mfmnmoQ>mbm XoVo, Vs ^mfm [Q>Hy$Z amhVo, hm [Z`_bmdbm Va, IoS>èm¨_Ýò nmohmoMboì`m AmYw[ZH$gmYZm¨Ms ^mfm B¨J¬Os Amho Am[U IoS>s AmVmAm[WªH$ÒïQ>èm Xw~ªi Pmbs`¨V Am[U [VW¨hsB¨J¬Os [ejUmMs AmoT> dmT>bs`, hs JmoïQ> VobmoH$ [dgaVmV.)

‘amR>rMr qMVmJoì`m e¨â-gídmeo dfm«V OodT>s A[Ib

^maVs` _amR>s gm[hÌ` g¨_obZ¨ PmbsV, Ì`mgdm«Á`m AÝ`jm¨Ms ^mfU¨ dmMì`mda EH$ _wÕmbjmV òVmo H$s, ùm gdm«Zs _amR>s ^mfoÁ`mA{òVÌdmMs H$miOs Am[U d¦ÖsMs Anojmí`»$ Ho$bobs Amho. æhUOo _amR>s ^mfm [Od¨VRo>dË`mMs [M©Vm hs Jobo eo-gídmeo df«gm[hÌ` dVwªimVì`m bmoH$m¨H$Sy>Z Ho$bs OmVo`.

nU EImXm g_mO æhUVmZm, Ì`mVbsHo$di gm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>s æhUOo Vmo g_mO ZgVmo.áÌòH$ g_mOmMs doJdoJis joÍ¨, doJdoJioKQ>H$ Am[U [d^mJ AgVmV. _amR>sg_mOmVì`m gm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>s `m joÍmZ¨ OodT>èmVi_isZ¨ XsKª H$mi _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m [M©VoMm_wÕm bmdyZ Yabm`, VodT>èm Vi_isZ¨ _amR>sg_mOmVì`m BVa joÍm¨Zs, KQ>H$m¨Zs Vmo _wÕmbmdyZ Yabobm [XgV Zmhs. CÛmoJ, Amamo¾`,eoVs, [ejU, Þ`m`, amOH$maU, í`mnmaBÌ`mXs Os _amR>s g_mOmMs BVa gdª joÍÄmhoV, Ì`m¨Ms _amR>s ^mfo~ÕbMs `mÁ`m

_mJÁ`m H$mimV H$m` ^y[_H$m hmoVs Z³ AmOH$m` Amho? Va Vs ^y[_H$m gmVÌ`mZÄZmòWoMs Am[U XwbªjmMsM am[hbobs. ^mfmOJdU¨, [Q>H$dU¨, [VMs d¦Ös H$aU¨ ho H$mhs\$»$ gm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>sM¨ H$m_ ZgV¨, Va EH$mMdois gdªM joÍm¨Zs ùm [df`mV nyUª AmòWoZ¨gh^mJ Ûm`Mm AgVmo. BVa joÍm¨Ms H$mhs^mfoMs O~m~Xmar Zmhs. Os ^mfm í`dgm`XoBªb, n¢gm XoBªb, nmoQ>mbm XoBªb, Vs ^mfmòdsH$mam`Ms Ì`m¨Ms V`mar. nU gdm«Zs [_iyZAmnbsM ^mfm í`dgm`mMs, n¢emMs, nmoQ>mMsH$amds Agm _mÍ gdª [_iyZ á`ÌZ Zmhs.^mfo~Õb gm_y[hH$ A{ò_Vm Zmhs.

{ejU joÍmMr O~m~XmarH$moUÌ`mhs ám¨VmVì`m ^mfoMs O~m~Xmar

[ejU joÍ gj_nUo KoD$ eH$V¨. nUÌ`mgmR>s g¨nyUª [ejUí`dòWm Ì`m ám¨VmÁ`m^mfoV, æhUOoM EH$ ^m[fH$ Agmds bmJVo.Am[U [ejU í`dòWoVyZ nma hmoUmé`m _mZds[nT>èm¨Zm OJdË`mMs O~m~Xmar Ì`m ^mfoZ¨À`mds bmJVo. _amR>s ám¨VmVì`m [ejUí`dòWoV ^mfoMs {òWVs Zoh_s Jm|YimMs

am[hbs. EH$Q>èm _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m [Odmda _mUgÖJVsb Aes AdòWm _amR>s ám¨VmV H$YsMZíhVs. _mUgm¨Zm _amR>s ^mfoVyZ nmoQ>mbm[_iob `mMs n[anyUª h_s XoË`mMm H$mi H$YsMZíhVm. Oo bmoH$ [ejU í`dòWoV òV ZmhsV,AS>mUs æhUdbo OmVmV, [Zaja AgVmV,Ì`mM bmoH$m¨H$S¨> na¨naoZ¨ MmbV Ambobs _amR>s^mfm [Q>Hy$Z amhVo. Oo bmoH$ [ejU á[H¬$òV[eaVmV, Ì`m¨Mm _mÍ ^mfoMm AdmT>í` Jm|YiCS>Vmo. Ì`m¨Á`mda bhmZ d`mV EH$mM dois_amR>s, qhXs, g¨òH¦$V, CXyª, B¨J¬Os AemAZoH$ ^mfm¨Mm X~md AmUbm OmVmo. Ì`m^mfm¨Ms kmZ Am[U nmoQ> `m¨Á`m ~mOyZ¨

Cn`mo[JVm-[Zên`mo[JVm nm[hbs OmV Zmhs.H$moUÌ`m Var EH$mM ^mfoV _mUyg KS>dbmnm[hOo, Ì`mM¨ OJU¨ KS>db¨ ho Z¢g[JªH$ Am[Uí`dhmar gÌ` nm[hb¨ OmV Zmhs. EH$mM doisAZoH$ ^mfm [eH$Ë`mZ¨ ~m¢[ÖH$ VmU dmT>VmoAm[U ~wÖsMm doi dm`m OmVmo hohs nm[hbÖmV Zmhs. [ejU í`dòWoVì`m `m ^m[fH$[IMS>sZ¨ AmO Aes AdòWm Ho$bs Amho H$s,_amR>s ám¨VmVì`m [ejU í`dòWoÁ`m ZmXsbmJUmé`m _mUgmbm H$moUVshs EH$ ^mfmn[anyUª òV Zmhs. Ì`mbm òdV:Ms _amR>s^mfmhs n[anyUª òV Zmhs. [ejUmV ^mfmAgyZhs ^m[fH$ AS>mUs [H©$dm AYªdQ> _mUg¨KS>dU¨ hoM AmOdaÁ`m _amR>s [ejUí`dòWoZ¨ Ho$bob¨ H$m_ Amho. AmO _amR>sám¨VmVbs [ejU í`dòWm _mUgm¨ZmH$moUÌ`mhs EH$m ^mfoM¨ n[anyUª kmZ XoË`mÁ`m~mOyZ¨ Aj_ Amho.

ágma‘mÝ`‘m¨Mr O~m~Xmar^mfoÁ`m g_¦ÖsV ágma_mÝ`_m¨Mshs

_hÏdmMs ^y[_H$m AgVo. nU Amnbs Vs^y[_H$m AgVo, `mM¨ ^mZ AmOÁ`m _amR>s

ágma‘mÝ`‘m¨Zm Amho Ag¨ [XgV Zmhs. Zí`mH$mimÁ`m ZmdmImbs Ì`m¨Zs g¨[_l [H©$dm[IMS>s ^mfm¨M¨ YmoaU òdsH$mab¨ Amho. (_amR>sgm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>shs Ì`mM [IMS>s YmoaUmÁ`mdiUmda òD$ Ro>nbs Amho. Vshságma_mÝ`_m¨M¨M EH$ A¨J AgVo.)ágma_mÝ`_m¨Ms O~m~Xmar hs g_mOmÁ`m^m[fH$-~m¢[ÖH$ ZoV¦ÌdmMs AgVo, hoM AmOMságma_mÝ`_¨ [dgabs AmhoV. Ì`m¨Zs Amnb¨ZoV¦Ìd g_mOmH$S¨> gmondb¨ Amho. Am[U g_mOVa ^m[fH$-~m¢[ÖH$ g¨H¬$_UmV Amho,Jm|Yibobm Amho. Aem Jm|Yiboì`mZoV¦ÌdmÁ`m gmdbsV ágma_mÝ`_m¨Mmhs

43’o$~¬wdmar 2013

^m[fH$-~m¢[ÖH$ Jm|Yi Mmby Amho. Ia¨Vaágma_mÝ`_¨- Ì`mV dVª_mZnÍ, [MÍdmUs,H$bm, gm[hÌ`, [MÍnQ> Ago gJio KQ>H$òVmV- AJXs R>m_ amhyZ ^m[fH$-~m¢[ÖH$nmVisda g_mOmMs KS>U H$ë$ eH$VmV.g_mO Ì`m¨Á`mH$Sy>Z AmXeª KoVmo. nU VsMOoíhm g_mOmbm hd¨ VoM Amæhs XoUma, Vg¨MdmJUma Aes [_©Ys, í`mdgm[`H$ ^y[_H$mKoVmV, Voíhm gm_m[OH$ [dH$mgmMm _mJªMIw¨Q>Vmo. BVa gdªM ~m~VsV AmO Vo Ia¨ Amho,nU ^m[fH$ ~m~VsVhs OmòV Ia¨ Amho.ágma_mÝ`_¨ Oa ^m[fH$ ~m~VsV AmJ¬hs, R>m_am[hbs Var g_mOmVì`m ^mfoMm [dH$mg, d¦ÖsAm[U [Q>H$mD$nUm [XgyZ òBªb. (g_mOmÁ`m_mJ¨ \$a\$Q>V OmU¨ ho ágma_mÝ`_m¨Á`mòdV:Á`m [dH$mgmbmhs ZwH$gmZH$maH$ Amho.H$maU ágma_mÝ`_m¨H$S¨> g_mO _mJªXeªH$mÁ`mÒïQ>sZ¨ nmhV AgVmo. òdV:Á`m gdª áH$maÁ`mJm|Yimbm ágma_mÝ`_¨ CÏma¨ [_idyZ XoBªbAg¨ g_mOmbm dmQ>V¨. nU ágma_mÝ`_¨òdV:M Jm|Yibobs AmhoV [H©$dm Jm|YiKmbVm`¨V Ag¨ bjmV Amb¨ Va- Am[U VoH$Ys Zm H$Ys òV¨M- g_mOmMságma_mÝ`_m¨daMs lÖm, AmòWm T>iVo Am[Uágma_mÝ`_m¨Zm í`dgm`mÁ`m, [düdmgmhªVoÁ`m~m~VsV Vo hm{ZH$maH$M R>aV¨. EHy$UM gdª_amR>s ágma_mÝ`_m¨M¨ ^mfoÁ`m ~m~VsV VoMPmbob¨ Amho.)

g¨H¬$‘UmVbo á`ÌZ_J _amR>s ^mfm OJdË`mMo, dmT>Ë`mMo,

[Q>H$dË`mMo á`ÌZ Mmby ZmhsV H$m? Va VoMmby AmhoV, nU Vo á`ÌZhs g¨H¬$_UmVAmhoV, Jm|Yibobo AmhoV Ag¨M gÝ`mM¨ [MÍAmho. _hmamïQμ>mV _w¼`V: gm[hÌ`g¦ïQ>sVbmWmoS>m ^mJ (gdª Zmhs.), [ejU joÍmVbmWmoS>m ^mJ (gdª Zmhs.), amOH$s` joÍmVbmWmoS>m ^mJ (gdª Zmhs.) _amR>s ^mfoÁ`mA{òVÌdmgmR>s PJS>VmZm [XgVmo Amho. nU`m PJS>èmM¨ ~hwVmë òdë$n ho "gaH$mar'Amho, gm_m[OH$ Zmhs. `m joÍm¨_YbsPJS>Umar _¨S>is ^mfogmR>s gaH$ma H$m`H$aV¨`, gaH$maZ¨ H$mhsVar H$amd¨, gaH$mará`ÌZ `m YmaUoda OJUmar Am[UAmYmabobs AmhoV. (_amR>s ^mfm OJdU¨-dmT>dU¨ ho A¨[V_V: gaH$maM¨, gaH$mar H$m_Amho Agm EH$ g_O gdªXya nmohmoMbobmgÝ`mÁ`m dmVmdaUmV ònïQ> [XgVmo; Am[UhsM _amR>s ^mfoÁ`m [dH$mgmbm gdm«V _moR>sKmVH$ JmoïQ> Amho.) `m g_Om_wi¨ ^mfogmR>sAmnUhs H$mhsVar H$am`M¨ AgV¨ Aes [ZïR>m

g_mOmV Am[U g_mOmÁ`m [d[dY joÍm¨_Ýò[Z_mªU íhm`Ms amhyZ OmVo. (_hmamïQμ> amÂ`[Z_mªU Pmì`mZ¨Va Ves ^m[fH$ [ZïR>m gdª_amR>s g_mOmV [Z_mªUM Pmbobs Zmhs. VemáH$maMo á`ÌZM Pmbobo ZmhsV. amÂ`mVbsBVa gdª joÍ¨ Va Ì`m~m~VsV ^m[fH$ R>m_ZíhVsM, nU amÂ`H$ma^mamM¨ Oo joÍ Amho,Vohs Zoh_s _amR>s-[h©Xs-B¨J¬Os `m VsZ^mfm¨_Ýò [ÍI¨[S>V am[hb¨ Am[U Ì`mVhsB¨J¬Os `m ^mfobm OmòV á[VïR>m [Xbs Jobs,db` [Xb¨ Job¨ Am[U amÂ`H$Ì`m«H$S¨> ~KyZOJm`Ms gd` Agbobm g_mO _amR>s H$sB¨J¬Os `m Vú`mV_ú`mV H$m`_ AS>Hy$Zam[hbm Am[U Ì`mMs ^m[fH$ [ZïR>m OÞ_mbm`m`Ms amhyZ Jobs.)

amÂ`mVbs Os Os joÍ¨ _amR>sMm dmnaH$aVmV, _amR>sgmR>s am~VmV, Vs Vs joÍ¨ hoAmnU gaH$magmR>s H$aVmo` Ag¨M g_OyZdmJVmV. Þ`m`í`dòWm Agob, gmdªO[ZH$í`dòWoMs H$m`mªb`¨ AgVsb, gaH$marAZwXmZm¨da Adb¨~yZ Agbobs ^m[fH$_¨S>i¨, [Z`VH$m[bH¨$ AgVsb, _amR>s[eH$dUmé`m [ejU g¨òWm AgVsb, Ì`mgdm«Mm ^md, AmnU ho gaH$mar H$m_ æhUyZH$aVmo` AgmM AgVmo. ho H$m_ Amnì`mòdV:gmR>s Amho, Amnì`m g_mOmgmR>s Amho,Aem AmòWoMm gdªÍ A^md Amho. WmoS>Š`mV

gaH$mada CnH$ma æhUyZ _amR>s ^mfoM¨ H$m_Ag¨ gÝ`mM¨ òdë$n Amho Am[U ho gm_m[OH$H$m_ Amho, `m Om[UdoMm XwïH$mi ho gÝ`mM¨gÌ` Amho. gdª g_mOmbm _amR>s ^mfoÁ`mH$doV KoBªb, Ag¨ EH$hs gm_m[OH$ H$m_Hw$R¨>hs Mmby Zmhs. gaH$ma[edm` _amR>s ^mfoM¨H$m_ AmOH$mb hmoVM Zmhs, ho [dXmaH$ Amho.

Â`m¨Zm B¨J¬Os òV Zmhs, Ì`m¨Á`m_wi¨ gÝ`m_amR>s ^mfm [Od¨V Amho. Ooíhm gmjmV B¨J¬OBW¨ hmoVo, Voíhm _amR>s H$bm, gm[hÌ`,g¨òH¦$VsVì`m B¨J¬Os ^mfoÁ`m [_gisM¨ á_mUAÌ`ìn hmoV¨, nU Vo BWyZ Jobo Am[UÌ`mZ¨Va B¨J¬Os ^mfoÁ`m AmH$fªUmbm _amR>sám¨VmV (Am[U Am¼¼`m XoemVM.) D$V Ambm.òdmV¨Î` [_imì`mZ¨Va gJú`m Xoembm Am[U_hmamïQμ>mbmhs Amnmnì`m ^mfm gj_, ~iH$Q>H$aË`mMs gŸs Ambs hmoVs, nU Ì`mgmR>sMogdª á`ÌZ Mm¢H$Q>sV AS>Hy$Z am[hbo,"gm_m[OH$' Pmbo ZmhsV. Am[U AmVm VaB¨J¬Os ^mfoÁ`m OmJ[VH$sH$aUmMm H$mi Amho.Ì`m_wi¨ _amR>s _mUgmÁ`m B¨J¬Os ^mfoÁ`mAmH$fªUmbm Pimis Ambobs Amho. hsPimis òÌ`m H$mimV H$_s hmoBªb Ag¨ [MÍZmhs, Va Vs dmT>VM OmBªb. H$mhs H$mimZ¨VaB¨J¬Os ^mfmM _amR>s g_mOmÁ`m H|$ÑòWmZsAgob ho A[Ve` ònïQ> Amho.

Â`m _amR>s ^m[fH$m¨Zm B¨J¬OsMm g¨gJªhmoVmo, Vo bmoH$ OodTo> O_Vsb VodTo> B¨J¬OseäX _amR>sV noë$Z dmnam`bm gwêdmVH$aVmV. AmîM`ª æhUOo `mbm EH$hs _amR>s_mUyg Am[U EH$hs _amR>s joÍ AndmX amhVZmhs, Am[U AmnU H$mhs MwH$sM¨ H$aVmoÀg¨hs g¨~¨[YVm¨Zm dmQ>V Zmhs. Amnì`mbmAòI[bV _amR>s Amb¨ nm[hOo, ôgi ZH$aVm Amnbs ^mfm dmnaVm Ambs nm[hOo,`mMs AmM Hw$UmH$S¨> am[hbs Zmhs. emim¨_Ýò_amR>s eäXm¨Mo AWª gm¨JË`mgmR>s B¨J¬Osn`mª`s eäX gm¨[JVbo OmVmV. _amR>s ^mfoV[b[hUmao gamªg B¨J¬Os eäX [b[hVmV,

N>mnVmV, EdT¨>M Zmhs, Va amo_Z [bnsV_amR>s [bImUmV B¨J¬Os eäX dmnaVmV.

eoVs, Amamo¾`, CÛmoJ `m Am[U BVajoÍm¨_Ýò Va B¨J¬Os [eab¨M Amho.

_amR>s ^mfoM¨ gmoS>ì`mg ~mH$sM¨ gdª Cƒ[ejU _amR>s g_mOmgmR>s \$»$ B¨J¬OsVyZCnbäY Amho. g_mOmÁ`m áÌòH$ A¨Jmn`«VAm[U VimJmimn`«V gdª ~mOy¨Zs B¨J¬OseäX, gdª _mÝ`_m¨VyZ B¨J¬Os eäX òD$ZnmohmoMË`mMs í`dòWm Amho. [nT>s Xa [nT>sEHo$H$ H$aV B¨J¬Os eäX (nmZ 51 da)

44 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

e qH$dm H$mof æhUOo I{OZm.áòVwV coImÁ`m g¨X^mªV H$moe`mMm gmYm gai AWª kmZmMm

I{OZm Agm Amho. cjUoZo hm eäXkmZg¨J¬h `m AWmªZo `moOcm OmVmo. _m{hVrdm kmZ XoË`mÁ`m CÕoemZo hoVwV: Ho$cocraMZm hr g¨H$ìnZm H$moe `m g¨ko_mJo Amho.g_mOmÁ`m ^m{fH$ d OrdZí`dhmamÁ`mdoJdoJú`m A¨Jm¨g¨~ŸrMo kmZ gdm«ZmCncäY H$ë$Z XoË`mÁ`m hoVyZo H$moem¨Mr aMZmHo$cr OmVo. OZgm_mÞ`m¨Zm g_Ooc AemáH$mao ^mfoVrc eäXg¨J¬h d kmZg¨J¬hg¨H${cV H$ë$Z H$moe {Z_mªU Ho$co OmVmV.^mfoMm d kmZmMm {dH$mg OgOgm KS>VmoVgVgm H$moe{Z{_ªVrMm á`ÌZ dmT>rg cmJVmoAgo H$moedmL>³_`mÁ`m B{Vhmgmdë$Z AmT>iVo.

^maVr` H$moedmL>³_`mMm B{Vhmg doXm¨BVH$mámMrZ Amho. doXm¨Vì`m eäXm¨Mm g¨J¬h H$aUmamH$î`nH¦$V "{ZK¨Qy>' ZmdmMm H$moe gwá{gÖAmho. {ZK¨Qy>Z¨VaMm OwÞ`mVcm OwZm H$moeæhUOo "A_aH$moe'. _amR>rVrc H$moem¨Mrna¨nam Ama¨^r g¨òH¦$V_Yrc H$moem¨ZmAZwgë$Z Pmcr. AmO H$moem¨Mo OodT>o æhUyZáH$ma AmhoV Ì`m¨n¢H$s ~hÿVoH$ gdª áH$ma_amR>rV AmhoV. doJdoJú`m ^maVr` ^mfm¨V

Pmcocr H$moeaMZm nmhmVm _amR>rVH$moedmL>³_`mZo _macocr _Oc IamoIarA{^_mZmònX æhUVm òBªc. _amR>rVrcEH¨$Xa H$moem¨Mr g¨¼`m AmR>eo Vo gmS>oAmR>eo

Amho. kmZH$moe/{dœH$moe, eäXH$moe,M[aÍH$moe, {VWrH$moe, g¨¼`mg¨Ho$V H$moe,gw{dMma H$moe, J¬¨WgyMr, O¨Ír Am{UeH$mdcr, {ZXoe nwòVHo$, {ZX}{eH$m, dm{fªHo$d n¨Mm¨Jo, ^m¢Jmo{cH$ H$moe-J¬m_gyMr,J±Po{Q>`gª Ago H$moem¨Mo {Za{Zamio áH$ma_amR>rV AmT>iVmV. _amR>rVrc {ZídieäXH$moem¨Mr g¨¼`m 390 Á`m KamV OmBªc.`mV doJdoJio CnáH$ma gm_mdco AmhoV._amR>rVrc J¬¨WgyMtMr g¨¼`mhr ~arM _moR>rAmho. Ì`m¨Vhr Xhm áH$ma AmhoV. `m gdm«Mm{ZX}e áòVwV coI_`mªXoV H$aUo AJXrAeŠ` Amho. dmZJrXmIc doMH$ H$moem¨MmC„oI VodT>m òWo Ho$cm Amho.

n{hbm H$moe_amR>r-_amR>r Agm n{hcm H$moe 1831

_Ýò {gÖ Pmcm. OJÞZmWemôr H¬$_d¨VAm{U AÞ` H$moeH$mam¨Zr "_hmamðμ> ^mfoMmH$moe' ^mJ 1 d 2 Aem òdë$nmV hm V`maHo$cm. `m H$moemg {c{hcoì`m ámòVm{dH$mVH$moem¨Mr Amdî`H$Vm, H$moem¨Mo òdë$n`mg¨~Ÿr _hÏdnyUª {ddoMZ Ho$co Amho. `mH$moemMr aMZm H$aVmZm nwUo ho á_mU^mfoMoH|$Ñ _mZco Amho. Ì`mIoarO n¨T>anyaÁ`mAmgnmgMm ^mJ, H$moH$U, amOmnya dgmd¨VdmS>r `m ^mJm¨Vrc eäX Ì`mV AmhoV.OwÞ`m _amR>r H$mí`mVrc Xw~m}Y eäXm¨MmCcJS>m `m H$moemV Ho$cocm AmT>iVmo.^maVmV {~¬{Q>em¨Mr gÏmm Amì`mZ¨VaH$moe{Z{_ªVrcm {deof MmcZm {_imcr.H$maU {~¬{Q>em¨Zm Amncr gÏmm {Q>H${dË`mÁ`mX¦ð>rZo òWrc ^mfm d ^yáXoe `m¨Mo A{YH$m{YH$kmZ H$ë$Z KoUo AÌ`mdî`H$ dmQ>V hmoVo. Ì`mX¦ð>rZo Ì`m¨Zr H$moedmL>³_`{Z{_ªVrcm CÏmoOZd ámYmÞ` {Xco. `mM~amo~a Ì`m¨Zr amðμ>r`nmVirdarc Am{U ám¨V d {OìhmnmVirdarc Or J±Po{Q>`gª V`ma H$ë$ZKoVcr Ì`m¨Ümam òWrc ^yáXoemMr g¨òH¦$Vr,cmoH$OrdZ BÌ`mXrg¨~ŸrMr ânya _m{hVrCncäY Pmcr. _moìòdWª, H²$S>r `m¨Zr B¨J¬Or-_amR>r d _amR>r-B¨J¬Or H$moe V`ma Ho$co.

n{hbm eäXH$moeg¨¼òZo gdmª{YH$, CnáH$mam¨V gdmª{YH$

Am{U gdm«Á`m n[aM`mMm H$moeáH$ma æhUOoeäXH$moe hm hmo`. _amR>rVrc n{hcm eäXH$moe

{dcmg Imoco

H$mo

g¨nÞZ H$moedmL>³_`

g_mOmÁ`m ^m{fH$ d OrdZí`dhmamÁ`m doJdoJú`m A¨Jm¨g¨~ŸrMo kmZgdm«Zm CncäY H$ë$Z XoË`mÁ`m hoVyZo H$moem¨Mr aMZm Ho$cr OmVo.OZgm_mÞ`m¨Zm g_Ooc Aem áH$mao ^mfoVrc eäXg¨J¬h d kmZg¨J¬hg¨H${cV H$ë$Z H$moe {Z_mªU Ho$co OmVmV. ^mfoMm d kmZmMm {dH$mgOgOgm KS>Vmo VgVgm H$moe{Z{_ªVrMm á`ÌZ dmT>rg cmJVmo AgoH$moedmL>³_`mÁ`m B{Vhmgmdë$Z AmT>iVo. ^maVr` H$moedmL>³_`mMm B{VhmgdoXm¨BVH$m ámMrZ Amho.

45’o$~¬wdmar 2013

æhUOo {dì`_ H±$ao `m¨Zr 1810 _ÝòáH$m{eV Ho$cocm "_amR>r-B¨J¬Or H$moe' (A{S>ŠeZar Am±\$ Xr _éhmQ>m c²¾doO). hm~¨Jmc_Ýò goam_nya òWrc {½òVr {_eZar_¨S>imH$[aVm {dì`_ H±$ao `mZo N>mnyZ á{gÖHo$cm. hm H$moe n¨{S>V {dÛmZmW (d¢OZmWe_mª) `m¨Á`m _XVrZo V`ma Ho$ì`mMoáòVmdZoV æhQ>co Amho. d¢OZmW e_mª hmH$cH$Ï`mÁ`m \$moQ>ª {dì`_ H$m±coO_Yrc_amR>rMm á_wI n¨{S>V hmoVm. `m H$moemMrn¦ñ>g¨¼`m 652 AgyZ `mV _amR>r eäX _moS>r{cnrV d AWª B¨{¾ce ^mfoV {Xcm Amho.Xwgam H$moe co. H$. íhmÞg Ho$ZoS>r `mcïH$amVrc gmho~mZo _w¨~Bª òWo B. g. 1824_Ýò á{gÖ Ho$cm. `m H$moemMo XmoZ ^mJAgyZ n{hì`m ^mJmV _amR>r eäXm¨Zm B¨p¾ceá{VeäX XoD$Z Xwgé`m ^mJmV B¨p¾ce eäXm¨Mo_amR>r AWª {Xcoco AmhoV. H$moemVrceäXg¨¼`m AmR> hOman`«V Amho. ""EH$m"B¨Q>o{cO¨Q>' ~¬møUmZo A_aH$moe _amR>rVCVë$Z {Xcm d d {_òVa ApòHª$Z `m{dÜmZmZo V`ma H$a{dcoco XmoZ B¨J¬Or-_amR>rhòV{c{IV H$moe d H±$àQ>Z H$m±H$ `mOdircqhXwòWmZr _amR>r hòV{c{IV H$moe Ì`mg{_imco. Ì`m¨Mo Ì`mg \$ma gmhmç` hmoD$ZÌ`mZo hr J¬¨W{gÖr Ho$cr.'' (_amR>r JÛmMmB¨J¬Or AdVma, {ÜVr` Amd¦Ïmr, n¦. 36)

_hmamðμ> ^mfoMm H$moe`mM gw_mamg "~m±æ~o Zo{Q>d EÂ`wHo$eZ

gmogm`Q>r'Zo _hmamðμ> ^mfoÁ`m H$moemMr aMZmH$aË`mgmR>r ~miemôr KJdo, J¨JmYaemôr\$S>Ho$, gImam_ Omoer, XmOremôr ewŠcAm{U naewam_n¨V JmoS>~moco Ago nmM n¨{S>VZo_co. Ì`m¨Zr ~é`mM á`mgmZo B. g. 1829_Ýò "_hmamðμ> ^mfoMm H$moe' á{gÖ Ho$cm. hmH$moe AÌ`¨V {dòV¦V AgyZ Ì`mV _hmamðμ>mÁ`mgdª ^mJmV áM{cV Agcoco A{YH$m{YH$eäX g_m{dð> Ho$co AmhoV. B. g. 1831 _ÝòOJßmWemôr H¬$_d¨V `m¨Á`m g¨nmXH$ÌdmZoÌ`mcm nwadUrI¨S> OmoS>Ë`mV Amcm. ho gdªn¨{S>V _moìgdWª Am{U H²$S>r `m¨Á`m_mJªXeªZmá_mUo H$m_ H$arV hmoVo AgmC„oI _moìgdWªZo Amnì`m _amR>r-B¨J¬OrH$moemÁ`m Xwgé`m Amd¦ÏmrÁ`m áòVmdZoV Ho$cmAmho. `m n¨{S>Vr H$moem~amo~aM _moìgdWª-H²$S>r

`m¨Mm _amR>r-B¨J¬Or eäXH$moe B. g. 1831_ÝòM ~m±æ~o EÂ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r (_w¨~Bª{ejm _¨S>ir) Á`m _m\ª$V áH$m{eV Pmcm. Ì`mdoir `m H$moemVrc eäXm¨Mr g¨¼`m MmirghOmamn`«V hmoVr. H$moemMr Xwgar Amd¦Ïmr1857 _Ýò Ooíhm á{gÖ Pmcr VoíhmVr_Yrc eäXg¨¼`m gmR> hOmam¨n`«V Jocr._ a m R > r - B ¨ J ¬ O rH$moem~amo~aM B¨J¬Or-_amR>r H$moe H$aË`mMrH$ìnZm _moìgdWªÁ`m_ZmV hmoVr. Ì`mMm Vmog¨H$ìn Ì`mMm ghH$marH²$S>r `mZo 1840 Vo1847 `m H$mimV nwamHo$cm. Ì`mZoOm±ÞgZMm B¨J¬OrH$moe AmYmamcm KoD$ZB¨J¬Or eäXm¨Mo{Za{Zamio AWªB¨J¬Or_Ýò áW_ XoD$ZÌ`m Ì`m AWmªg g_mZmWªH$ _amR>r eäX Z¨Va{Xco. H²$S>rMm hm H$moe hr _amR>rH$moedmL>³_`mÁ`m AZwf¨JmZo PmcocròdmJVmhª H$m_{Jar _mZcr OmVo.

_amR>r ^mfoV òdmV¨Î`nydª H$mimV 134 VaòdmV¨Î`moÏma H$mimV 250 nojm A{YH$eäXH$moe {Z_mªU Pmco. `m¨Mr {d^mJUrEH$^m{fH$, {Ü^m{fH$ Am{U ~hÿ^m{fH$ AerH$aVm òVo. "{Ü^m{fH$ eäXH$moem'V _amR>r-B¨J¬Or, _amR>r-H$ÞZS>, _amR>r-JwOamVr,_amR>r-O_ªZ, _amR>r-V_ri, _amR>r-nmoVwªJrO, _amR>r-qgYr, _amR>r-g¨òH¦$V,_amR>r-qhXr, _amR>r-qhXwòWmZr Aer {d{dYVmAmT>iVo. "{Ü^m{fH$ eäXH$moem'Mm AÞ` ^mfmd _amR>r Agm CnáH$ma Ho$cm OmVmo. Ì`mVB¨J¬Or-_amR>r, CXªy-_amR>r, H$ÞZS>-_amR>r,JwOamVr-_amR>r, OnmZr-_amR>r, V_ri-_amR>r, VocwJy-_amR>r, \$maer-_amR>r,~¨Jmcr-_amR>r, qgYr-_amR>r, g¨òH¦$V-_amR>r,qhXr-_amR>r, qhXwòWmZr-_amR>r Ago Voam áH$manmhmd`mg {_iVmV. _mYdamd nQ>dYªZ `m¨Zr1925 _Ýò aMcocm "\$meu-_amR>r H$moe'gwá{gÖ Amho. Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$mJXnÍm¨Mo dmMZH$aË`mgmR>r Cn`w»$ R>amdm Aer `m

H$moe{Z{_ªVr_mJrc X¦ð>r hmoVr. `m H$moemVAa~r, \$meu, VwH$sª eäXm¨Mo AWª {XcocoAmhoV. `m H$moemg CnmoX³KmV OmoS>cocm AgyZÌ`mV í`wÌn{Ïm{dMma, \$meuVyZ _amR>rVAmcoco í`mH$aU{deof, eäX{gÖrBÌ`mXt{df`rMo {ddoMZ AmT>iVo.

^mfm n¨{S>V qH$dm gmoim ^mfm¨Mm H$moe1927 gmcr X. Jmo.

gS>oH$a `m¨Zr "^mfm n¨{S>VqH$dm gmoim ^mfm¨Mm H$moe'hm ~hÿ^m{fH$ H$moe áH$m{eVHo$cm. Ì`mV Z¨X^mfm,{_Vmjar, H$an„dr`m¨Mmhr A¨V^mªd Pmcm Amho.`. Z. Ho$iH$am¨Mm"Eo{Vhm{gH$ eäXH$moe'(1962) _amR>rVrcEo{Vhm{gH$ JÛ-nÛdmL>³_`mÁ`m AmH$cZmgmR>rAÌ`¨V Cn`w»$ Amho. _hmamðμ>amÂ` gm{hÌ` Am{U g¨òH¦$Vr

_¨S>imZo eäXH$moemÁ`m g¨X^mªV Ho$coco H$m`ªC„oIZr` Amho. JwOamVr-_amR>r (^mD$Y_mª{YH$mar), CXyª-_amR>r (lrnmX Omoer, EZ.Eg. JmoaoH$a), H$ÞZS>-_amR>r (nw¨S>{cH$OrH$mVJS>o), V_ri-_amR>r (a_m~mBª Omoer, nw.{X. Omoer), _amR>r-H$ÞZS> (JwêZmW{XdoH$a), _amR>r-qgYr (cN>_Z hXªdmUr),_amR>r-JwOamVr (^mD$ Y_mª{YH$mar), nmcr-_amR>r (~m~m ^maVr) `m¨gmaIo H$moe _¨S>imZoáH$m{eV Ho$co AmhoV.

_amR>r eäXaÌZmH$admgwXod JmoqdX AmnQ>o `m¨Zr 1922 _Ýò

"_amR>r eäXaÌZmH$a' hm _amR>r eäXm¨Mm_amR>rV AWª XoUmam H$moe aMcm. `m H$moemÁ`máòVmdZoV Ì`m¨Zr VÌnydu Pmcoì`m AR>ameäXH$moem¨Mr _m{hVr {Xcr Amho. 1930 _Ýò{dÛmYa dm_Z {^S>o `m¨Zr _amR>r ^mfoMm"gaòdVr H$moe' V`ma Ho$cm. _amR>rVrcgdm«V Aídc XOmªMm H$moe æhUOo `. am.XmVo, qM. J. H$d}, Am~m Mm¨XmoaH$a, qM. e¨.XmVma `m g¨nmXH$_¨S>imZo V`ma Ho$cocm _amR>r^mfoMm gdªg_mdoeH$ H$moe. `mMo Zmd "‘hmamðμ>eäXH$moe'. `mMm n{hcm {d^mJ 1932 _ÝòVa gmVdm {d^mJ 1938 _Ýò á{gÖ Pmcm.

h¨gH$moeB. g. 1863 gmcr

aKwZmW ^mòH$a JmoS>~moco`m¨Zr "h¨gH$moe' ZmdmMmEH$ EH$^m{fH$ H$moe V`maHo$cm. hm ~mocrMm qH$dmí`dhmamVrc ^mfoMm H$moeZíhVm, Va _hmamðμ>^mfoVrcH${dVm¨_Yrc {ZdS>H$ dH$R>rU eäXm¨Mm H$moe hmoVm.`mMr N>nmBª {eimN>mnmMrhmoVr.

_amR>rVrc EH¨$Xa H$moem¨Mr g¨¼`m AmR>eo Vo gmS>oAmR>eo Va eäXH$moem¨Mr g¨¼`m 390 Á`m Amgnmg Amho.

46 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

gmV I¨S>m¨Á`m `m H$moemV EH$ cmImh�Z A{YH$eäXm¨Mo Vnercdma AWª {ddoMZmgh {XcoAmhoV. 1950 _Ýò `m H$moemMm nwadUr{d^mJ á{gÖ Pmcm. á. Z. Omoer `m¨Mm"AmXeª _amR>r eäXH$moe' B. g. 1970 _ÝòáH$m{eV Pmcm. AmH$mamZo _moR>èm AgUmé`m`m H$moemV "AmXeª' `m {deofUmg ZemoÛmé`m H$mhr ÍwQ>r AmT>iVmV.

A{^Zd _amR>r-_amR>r eäXH$moe1983 Vo 1985 `m H$mcmV X. h.

Ap¾ZhmoÍr `m¨Mm n¨MI¨S>mÌ_H$ "A{^Zd_amR>r-_amR>r eäXH$moe' V`ma Pmcm. 2850n¦ñ>m¨Á`m `m H$moemÁ`m n{hì`m ^mJmV AmXeª_amR>r eäXH$moemg¨~ŸrMr ^y{_H$m, _amR>reäXm¨Mo á_m{UV Cƒma, _amR>rÁ`m á_wI ~mocrd Ì`m¨Mr Cƒmad¢{eïQ>èo BÌ`mXrg¨~ŸrMo {Z~ŸAmhoV. e¨. Jmo. Vwinwio d A±Z \o$ìS>hm±g`m¨Zr aMcocm "{S>ŠeZar Am±\$ AmoìS> _amR>r'(1999) hm eäXH$moe AmR>í`m eVH$mnmgyZMm¢Xmí`m eVH$mn`«VÁ`m _amR>r eäXm¨Mm H$moeAmho. `m eäXH$moemV _amR>r d B¨{¾ce ^mfm¨VeäXmWª {Xco AmhoV.

_mo. {d. ^mQ>dS>oH$a{Z{_ªV "amOh¨gí`mdhm[aH$ _amR>r eäXmWª H$moe' (2007) hr_amR>rVrc eäXH$moeg¨^mamV nS>cocr_hÏdmMr â æhUVm òBªc. Joì`m eVH$mV_amR>r ^mfH$m¨Á`m OrdZgaUrV Oo AZoH$~Xc Pmco, X¢Z¨{XZ í`dhmamMr g¨nHª$^mfmæhUyZ _amR>rV Â`m ZdZí`m eäXm¨Mr {Z{_ªVrPmcr/â nS>cr Vr {dMmamV KoD$Z hm H$moeV`ma Ho$cm Amho.

kmZH$moelrYa í`¨H$Q>oe Ho$VH$a `m¨Zr {gÖ Ho$cocm

"kmZH$moe' hr _amR>r H$moedmL>³_`mVrcAÌ`¨V _hÏdmMr, Eo{Vhm{gH$ òdë$nmMrH$m_{Jar æhUVm òBªc. kmZH$moe `mMm AWªgdª {dÛmemIm¨Vrc _m{hVrMm nÖVeranUmZoHo$cocm g¨J¬h. gdªg¨J¬mhH$Ìd hm `mMm _w¼`{deof. "_hmamðμ>r` kmZH$moe' (1920-29)hm lr. í`¨. Ho$VH$a `m¨Mm _amR>rVrc n{hcmkmZH$moe. Ho$VH$am¨Á`m AmYr am_mOr

Ho$edamd gm¨~mao `m¨Mm "{dÛmH$ìnVë$'(1870) Am{U OZmXªZ har AmR>ìò `m¨Mm"{dÛm_mcm' (1878) ho H$moe aMË`mMrgwêdmV Pmcr hmoVr. ho XmoÞhr H$moe_m{gH$ë$nmV áH$m{eV hmoV hmoVo. VWm{n, hoH$moe AnyUªM am{hco. Ì`m_wio AmÛkmZH$moeH$ma R>aË`mMm _mZ Ho$VH$am¨H$S>oOmVmo. A_amdVrÁ`m ZJa dmMZmc`mV"EÞgm`Šcmonr{S>`m {~¬Q>m{ZH$m' nmhVmZm_hmamðμ>r` kmZH$moe H$aË`mMr H$ìnZmHo$VH$am¨Zm gwMcr. H$moeaMZoV H$moUÌ`mhráH$maMr VS>OmoS> Z H$aVm Ho$VH$am¨Zr A{Ve`H$ð>nydªH$ AmXeª Agm kmZH$moe {Z_mªUHo$cm. Ì`m_wio H$moe`wJmÁ`m ádVªH$mMm _mZÌ`m¨Zm {Xcm OmVmo. Ho$VH$am¨Mm kmZH$moe_w¼`Ìdo Aå`mgH$, gëmoYH$, í`mg¨Jr dmMH$`m¨Zm {deof Cn`moJr R>acm. gdªgm_mÞ`m¨Á`mAmH$cZH$joV òUmao {df` KoD$Z gmoà`m^mfoV kmZH$moe aMË`mMr H$ìnZm Ì`m_wioMnwT>o Amcr Am{U `. am. XmVo d qM. J. H$d}`m¨Zr ghm ^mJm¨V (1949 Vo 1951 `mH$mimV) "gwc^ {dœH$moem'Mr {Z{_ªVrHo$cr. JUoe a¨Jmo {^S>o `m¨Zr 1935 Vo1940 `m H$mcmdYrV "í`mdhm[aH$kmZH$moem'Mr n¨MI¨S>mÌ_H$ aMZm Ho$cr._amR>rVrc kmZH$moem¨Mr g¨¼`m AmVm e¨âÁ`mKamV Jocr Amho. VrV _wcm¨Mo kmZH$moe,gdªg¨J¬mhH$ H$moe, {df`kmZH$moe Aerânya {d{dYVm Amho.

^maVr` g¨òH¦${VH$moe{dœH$m oemBVH$sM

_amR>rVrc _hÏdmMrH$moe{Z{_ªVr æhUyZ_hmXodemôr Omoer`m¨Zr 1962 Vo 1979`m H$mimV {gÖHo$cocm Xhm I¨S>m¨Mm

"^maVr` g¨òH¦${VH$moe' AÌ`¨V C„oIZrÀmho. g¨òH¦$VrMo {d{dY KQ>H$ cjmV KoD$ZHo$coì`m gw_mao ~mam hOma Zm|Xr `m H$moemVAmhoV. `m H$moemá_mUoM XmoZ hOma n¦ñ>m¨Mm,

Mma I¨S>m¨Vrc _wcm¨Mm g¨òH¦${VH$moehr_hmXodemôtZr {Z_mªU Ho$cm.g¨òH¦${VH$moemIoarO AÞ` {df`m¨Mo òdV¨ÍH$moehr _amR>rV AZoH$ AmhoV. XodrXmgXÏmmÍ` dmS>oH$a `m¨Mm {ÍI¨S>mÌ_H$ "_amR>rVÏdkmZ _hmH$moe', h. lr. eoUmocrH$a `m¨Mm"_amR>r g¨V-VÏdkmZ g¨km H$moe' (1993-94) `m Xmohm|_YyZ VÏdkmZg¨~Ö ~hÿ{dYVnerc gwònð>nUo Amcm Amho. g. _m. JJ}`m¨Zr g¨nm{XV Ho$coì`m "^maVr`g_mO{dkmZ H$moem'Á`m ghm I¨S>m¨Vg_mOemô, AWªemô, amÂèmô ho VrZ{df` d Ì`m {df`mg nyaH$ Aem Zm|Xr Amì`mAmhoV. amO|Ñ íhmoam d gwhmg nierH$a `m¨Zr{Z{_ªcocm "amÂèmô H$moe' amÂèmômVrcg¨km-g¨H$ìnZm¨Mm, _V_Vm¨Vam¨Mm damÂèmômÁ`m áJV Aå`mgmMm n[aM` H$ë$ZXoVmo. ^maVmVrc amOH$s` {dMma, Ì`m_mJrcVÏdkmZ d _yìò, emgZg¨òWm, Am¨Vaamðμ>r`g¨~Ÿ `m¨Mm CcJS>m H$aË`mMmhr á`ÌZ `mH$moem¨VyZ Pmcm Amho. e¨H$a Aå`¨H$a `m¨Mmn¨MI¨S>mÌ_H$ "^{»$H$moe', A_a|ÑJmS>Jria{MV "lram_H$moe', "hZw_mZH$moe', "JUoe H$moe', "am_mÙ òWcXeªZH$moe', á. Z. Omoer `m¨Mo "lr XÏmmÍo`kmZH$moe' d "lr {edX¢dV H$moe', {earfAmÌ_mam_ H$dS>o{Z{_ªV "lrZ¦qghH$moe',áìhmX H¦$ïU á^wXogmBª `m¨Mm "lr Xodr H$moe'`m¨gmaIo XodXoodVm{df`H$ H$moehr `m g¨X^mªVgm¨JË`mOmoJo AmhoV.

e¢j{UH$ g¨X^ªH$moee¨. ^m. Jm|YioH$a `m¨Mm "e¢j{UH$

g¨X^ªH$moe' (1959), c. ~. hamocrH$a d nm¨.~. nmZgo `m¨Mm "e¢j{UH$ g¨X^ªH$moe'(1970), e¨. H¦$. gmohmoZr `m¨Mm "e¢j{UH$Q>rnmH$moe' (1992) ho {ejUemômÁ`mAZwf¨JmZo {Z_mªU Pmcoco H$moe Z_yXH$amd`mg hdoV. Xw. H$m. g¨V `m¨Zr"emoY{dkmZH$moe : gmYZ d g¨X^ªJ¬¨W'(1985) `mMr aMZm H$ë$Z gëmoYZmÁ`m{dÛmÐ`m«g gëmoYZnÖVrÁ`m _ycVÏdm¨Mm

gm{hÌ` Am{U g¨òH¦$Vr _¨S>i g¨H$pìnV "_amR>r eäXH$moemMr' Zm. Jmo. H$mcocH$a, {d. am. H$a¨XrH$a, `. e¨. H$m{ZQ>H$a Aem áH$mao hòVm¨V[aV hmoV Amcocrd áXrKª H$mi a|Jmicocr `moOZm AIoarg _¨S>imMo {dÛ_mZ AÝ`j _Yy _¨JoeH${UªH$ `m¨Zr _mJu cmdcr Amho. Ì`m¨Zr ho H$m_ am_Xmg S>m¨Jo `m¨Á`m ghH$m`mªZo nwaoH$aV AmUco Amho. am_Xmg S>m¨Jo `m¨Zr "_amR>r eäXH$moem'Mo Mma I¨S> (2009-2011) á{gÖ Ho$co AmhoV Am{U Cdª[aV I¨S> áH$meZmÁ`m _mJmªda AmhoV.

47

n[aM` H$ë$Z {Xcm Amho. X. ~m. Xoenm¨S>o `m¨MmH$m`ÛmMm H$moe (1984) Am{U dg¨V qeXo`m¨Mm "H$m`XmH$moe' (1997) ho H$moedmMH$m¨g H$m`ÛmMr AmoiI H$ë$Z XoUmaoAmhoV. O`¨V ZmairH$a d lram_ JrV `m¨Mm"g¦{ð>{dkmZJmWm' Ÿ(1994), c. dm. JwOªa`m¨Mm "J{UV kmZH$moe' (1995), _mohZAmnQ>oH¦$V "eVH$ emoYm¨Mo', _mêVr{MV_n„r `m¨Mm "njrH$moe', gwaoeM¨ÑdmaKS>o `m¨Mm "^maVr` dÞ` ámUrH$moe'BÌ`mXr H$moem¨_wio _amR>rVrc H$moedmL>³_`mMod¢{dÝ` AYmoao{IV hmoVo. H$moe{Z{_ªVrÁ`m~m~VrV H¬$sS>m d H$cm hr XmoÞhr joÍohrCno{jV am{hcocr ZmhrV. 1936 Vo 1949`m H$mcmdYrV XÏmmÍo` qMVm_U _wOw_Xma`m¨Zr Xhm I¨S>mV nmM hOma n¦ñ>m¨Mm H¬$sS>mH$moeaMcm. AcrH$S>rc H$mimV gwaoeM¨Ñ ZmS>H$Uu`m¨Zr "H¬$sS>m kmZH$moem'Mr aMZm (1981)Ho$cr. `mMr Xwgar gwYm[aV Amd¦Ïmr 1999_Ýò á{gÖ Pmcr. adtÑ nmQ>H$a `m¨Zr 1996_Ýò "{H¬$Ho$Q>Mm kmZH$moe' V`ma Ho$cm. `mMmAWª EHo$H$m Ioimg dm{hcoì`m H$moem¨Mr{Z{_ªVrhr AmVm hmoD$ cmJcr Amho.

ZmQ>èH$moeB. g. 2000 _Ýò {d. ^m. Xoenm¨S>o `m¨Zr

_amR>rVrc ZmQ>èdmL>³_`mcm dm{hcocm"ZmQ>èH$moe' á{gÖ Ho$cm. AmH$mamZo áM¨S>Agcoì`m `m H$moemV _amR>r ZmQ>H$, a¨J^y_r,ZQ>, {X¾XeªH$, ZmQ>H$_¨S>ú`m, doJdoJioa¨JH$_u, ZmQ>èá`moJ BÌ`mXt{df`rMr _m{hVr{Xcocr Amho. H$moemV amh�Z Jocoì`m AZoH$MwH$m¨Mr XwêòVr H$ë$Z gwYm[aV òdë$nmV `mH$moemMr Zdr Amd¦Ïmr ZOrH$Á`m ^{dï`mV gdª

ZmQ>èa{gH$m¨Á`m hmVr nS>Uma Amho. dg¨V_mYd Im{S>cH$a `m¨Mm "lr JŸdª doX - Jm`ZZ¦ÌèmômMm kmZH$moe' (1982), gÌ`dmZVoQ>m~o `m¨Zr aMcoco "{gZoZmQ>è g¨X^ªH$moe'(1988), a¨J^y_r {MÍnQ>H$moe (1994)Ago VrZhr H$moe g¨~¨{YV joÍm¨{df`rMmVnerc nwa{dUmao AmhoV.

^maVdfu` Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$moe^maVr` ^mfm¨V n{hì`m¨Xm

M[aÍH$moe{Z{_ªVr H$aË`mMm _mZ _amR>r ^mfoZo{_i{dcm Amho. `m Òð>rZo aKwZmW ^mòH$aJmoS>~moco `m¨Zr 1876 _Ýò aMcocm"^maVdfu` Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$moe' _hÏdmMm Amho.J¨. Xo. ImZmocH$aa{MV "AdmªMrZ _amR>rdmL>³_` godH$' (^mJ 1 Vo 7) Am{U{gÖoœaemôr {MÍmd `m¨Mm "^maVdfu`ámMrZ, _Ý``wJrZ d AdmªMrZ M[aÍH$moe'I¨S> 1, 2 d 3 `m H$moem¨Mm òWo Jm¢adnydªH$C„oI H$amd`mg hdm. AcrH$S>rc H$mimVlram_ nm¨Sw>a¨J H$m_V `m¨Zr"{dœM[aÍH$moem'Mr ghm I¨S>m¨V aMZm Ho$crAmho. AÞ` H$moUÌ`mhr ^maVr` ^mfm¨V AÛmn{dœM[aÍH$moe {Z_mªU Pmcocm Zmhr. `mH$moemV _mZdr g¨òH¦$VrÁ`m Ama¨^H$mimnmgyZ{dgmí`m eVH$mÁ`m AIoarn`«VÁ`m H$mimVrc{d{dY Xoem¨Vrc, {d{dY joÍm¨Vrcnm`mâUrMo H$m`ª H$aUmé`m Odinmg ~mamhOma í`»$tÁ`m M[aÍm¨Mr Zm|X Ho$cr Amho. á.Z. Omoer `m¨Zr ámMrZ H$mimnmgyZA¨Vami`wJmn`«VÁ`m gw_mao 2000 á_wIemôkm¨Mm, V¨Íkm¨Mm, gëmoYH$m¨Mm ZoQ>H$mn[aM` H$ë$Z XoUmam OmJ{VH$ emôkH$moe{Z_mªU Ho$cm Amho. ~m. X. gmVmoòH$aa{MV

"Jmo_¨VH$s` _amR>r gm{hÌ`mMo AmYw{ZH${eìnH$ma' `m H$moemMo XmoZ I¨S> _m{hVrnyUªAmhoV. gwhmg Hw$iH$Uu d {_qcX M¨nmZoaH$a`m¨Mm "`m¨Zr KS>{dco ghóH$' (2009) Am{UAZ¨V Omoer `m¨Mm {ÜI¨S>mÌ_H$ "_amR>rgmaòdV' ho H$moehr _wÕm_ {ZX}e H$aË`mOmoJoAmhoV. {ddoH$ gmâm{hH$mÁ`m dVrZo "AmYw{ZH$_hmamðμ>mMr OS>UKS>U : {eìnH$ma M[aÍH$moe'Zm_H$ ~mam I¨S>m¨Mr `moOZm AmIcr JocrAgyZ Ì`m¨n¢H$s B{Vhmg, gm{hÌ`, {dkmZ-V¨ÍkmZ- {ejU, Þ`m`nm{cH$m-áemgZ-gäjU, H¦$fr-ghH$ma Ago nmM I¨S> áH$m{eVPmco AmhoV.

gw{dMma H$moegw{dMma H$moem¨Mr {Z{_ªVr hr _amR>rVrc

H$moedmL>³_`mMo d¢{eïQ>è R>amdo Aem òdë$nmMrAmho. d. {d. Hw$cH$Uu `m¨Zr "nmM hOmaAmXeª gw{dMma H$moe' (2000) `mMr aMZmHo$cr Amho. `m AZwf¨JmZo 1929 _ÝòXm_moXa gmdimam_ `¨Xo `m¨Zr aMcocm "gmWªgw^m{fV g¨J¬h', c. Jmo. qdPo `m¨Mm "g¨òH¦$V_amR>r gw^m{fV H$moe', ^mD$ Y_mª{YH$mar `m¨Mm"_amR>r ^mfoMr g¨òH¦$V coUr', eaX JmoJQ>o`m¨Mm "doMH$ {dMma' hm cmoH$moÏma í`»$tÁ`m

_hmamðμ> emgZmZo cû_Uemôr Omoer `m¨Á`m ZoV¦ÌdmImcr _amR>r {dœH$moemMr{Z{_ªVr gwë$ Ho$cr. 1976 _Ýò {dœH$moemMm n{hcm I¨S> á{gÖ Pmcm. VX³Z¨VaemôrOtÁ`m g¨nmXH$ÌdmImcr nŸam I¨S>m¨Mr {Z{_ªVr Pmcr. _o. nw¨. aoJo `m¨Zrgmoimí`m I¨S>mMr {Z{_ªVr Ho$cr. H$mcm¨VamZo {dœH$moemÁ`m g¨nmXH$ Pmcoì`m{dO`m dmS> `m¨Zr {dœH$moemMo gVam, AR>am d EH$moUrg Ago VrZ I¨S> áH$m{eVHo$co Am{U {dœH$moemÁ`m áH$meZmMr JVr dmT>cr. EH¨$Xa drg I¨S>m¨Mr `moOZmAgUmé`m {dœH$moemMo EH$moUrg I¨S> AmVm V`ma Pmco AmhoV. gw_mao dfªâmV{dgmdm I¨S>hr nyUª hmoD$Z {dœH$moemMr _yi `moOZm _mJu cmJoc. {dœH$moemÁ`mAZwf¨JmZoM {dœH$moe {Z{_ªVr _¨S>imZo "Hw$_ma {dœH$moem'Mrhr `moOZm AmIcrhmoVr. Hw$_ma {dœH$moemMm "n[aM` I¨S>' _o. nw¨. aoJo `m¨Zr V`ma Ho$cm. Hw$_maH$moem¨VJªV "Ordg¦ð>r Am{U n`mªdaU' `m {df`mg dm{hcoì`m I¨S>mMm n{hcm ^mJ B. g. 2012 _Ýò á{gÖ PmcmAmho. Ì`mÁ`m g¨nmXH$hr {dO`m dmS> AmhoV. {dœH$moe Ho$di J¬¨Wë$nmVM amh� Zò, dVª_mZ`wJmMr JaO æhUyZ Vmo_hmOmcH$mdahr Omdm, `mÒð>rZo dmS> `m¨Zr AÌ`¨V á`ÌZnydªH$ {dœH$moemMo gmoim I¨S> gdª OJmg CncäY H$ë$Z{Xco AmhoV. nmýmÏ` H$moem¨Vrc kmZ Â`má_mUo OJmÁ`m H$mZmH$moné`mV CncäY hmoD$ eH$Vo VgmM hm CnH¬$_ Amho.

A. nm¨. Xoenm¨S>o d~mi \$m|S>Ho$ `m¨Zr V`ma

Ho$cocm "{dkmZ Am{U V¨ÍkmZH$moe' gm{hÌ` Am{U g¨òH¦$Vr

_¨S>imZo áH$m{eV Ho$cmAmho.

’o$~¬wdmar 2013

48 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

AdVaUm¨Mm H$moe, e{eH$cm Jmoao Am{Udmg¨Vr ^monQ>H$a `m¨Mm "H$mí`-AdVaU H$moe'Aem nydªa{MV H$moem¨Mrhr Zm|X H$amd`mg hdr.h. A. ^mdo `m¨Zr B¨{¾ce d _amR>r AemáÌòH$s nmMeo gw{dMmam¨Mm EH$ ^mJ `má_mUoVrg ^mJm¨V "A ~ÞM Am±\$ JwS> Wm±Q>³g' aMcmAmho. B. g. 2011 _Ýò am. e¨. ZJaH$a`m¨Zr kmZoœa, Zm_Xod, EH$ZmW, VwH$mam_ dam_Xmg `m nmM g¨Vm¨Á`m gm{hÌ`mVrc dMZo{ZdSy>Z "g¨V gw^m{fV H$moe' V`ma Ho$cmAmho. `m H$moemV _amR>r dmL>³_`mcm dg¨òH¦$Vrcm g_¦Ö H$aUmar nmM hOma g¨VdMZog¨H${cV Ho$cr AmhoV.

eäXaÌZmdcrg_mZmWu, {dêÖmWu d n`mª` ({Wgm±ag)

eäXH$moem¨V òdmV¨Î`nydª H$mimV Pmcocm"eäXaÌZmdcr' (hoìn Qy> òQw>S>¨Q>³g A±ËS>Am±Wgª) hm nX³>‘ZOr~m~m¨Mm eäXH$moe {deofC„oIZr` Amho. {eimN>mnmV N>mncoì`m `meäXH$moemMo EH${ÍV òdë$nmV XmoZ ^mJAmhoV. n{hì`m ^mJmV _yi eäX 358 dÌ`m¨Mo AWª qH$dm {dòVmaáXeªH$ eäX 4853AmhoV. Xwgé`m ^mJmV _yi eäX 265 d Ì`m¨MoCneäX d ^mfUg¨áXm{`H$ eäX 6582AmhoV. am±OoÁ`m {Wgm±agÁ`m nÖVrMr `mH$moemMr _m¨S>Ur Amho. CXm. "^m¨S>r' `meäXmImcr 68-69 ^m¨S>èm¨Mr Zmdo {XcrAmhoV. {dgmí`m eVH$mÁ`m AIoarg _mo. {d.^mQ>dS>oH$a `m¨Mm "_amR>r n`mª`r eäXm¨Mm H$moe'Am{U {d. e¨. R>H$ma `m¨Mm "A{^Zd _amR>r-_amR>r B¨J¬Or eäXH$moe : g_nªH$ eäXm¨MmH$moe' ho XmoZ H$moe {deof _hÏdnyUª AmhoV.gÏdercm gm_¨V `m¨Zr 2007 _Ýò"eäXmZ¨X' `m H$moemMr {Z{_ªVr Ho$cr Amho._yi gÏmmdrg hOma B¨p¾ce eäX Am{U Ì`m¨Mo_amR>r d qhXr `m ^mfm¨Vrc áÌòH$s Vrg

hOmam¨da á{VeäX, Agm hm H$moe^mfm¨VaH$mam¨Zm Cn`w»$ R>aUmam Amho.

_amR>r coIZ-H$moeewÖcoIZ ho {_eZ _mZUmé`m AêU

\$S>Ho$ `m¨Zr aMcocm "_amR>r coIZ-H$moe'(2001) {deof C„oIZr` æhUmdm AgmAmho. `m H$moemÁ`m AZoH$ Amd¦Ï`m {ZKmì`mAgyZ áÌòH$ Amd¦ÏmrV Amdî`H$ R>acocoH$mhr ~Xc \$S>Ho$ `m¨Zr Ho$co AmhoV. `mMnÖVrMm "_amR>r eäXcoIZH$moe' (2007)`mpò_Z eoI `m¨Zrhr aMcm Amho.

"\w$Sw>ªH$ dhr' (1842) hm {eimN>mnmVN>mncocm _amR>r æhUtMm n{hcm H$moe. B. g.1858 _Ýò gXm{ed {dœZmW `m¨Zr"Xoem¨Vrc {ZdS>H$ æhUr' (Mma hOmam¨da) `mH$moemMr {Z{_ªVr Ho$cr. `m H$moemV B¨J¬OrdUmªZwH¬$_mZo æhUr {Xì`m AmhoV. {dÛmYadm_Z {^S>o `m¨Zr aMcocm "_amR>r ^mfoModmŠáMma, æhUr BÌ`mXr' (1910) hm H$moeEHo$H$mir A{Ve` cmoH${á` hmoVm. dm. Jmo.AmnQ>oa{MV "_amR>r ^mfoMo g¨áXm` d æhUr'(1910), `. am. XmVo d qM. J. H$d} `m¨MmXmoZ {d^mJmVrc "_hmamðμ> dmŠg¨áXm`H$moe'(1942-47) ho H$moehr gwá{gÖ AmhoV.

_amR>rV J¬¨W d J¬¨WH$mam¨Zm dm{hcocoH$moehr AZoH$ {Z_mªU Pmco AmhoV. Î`¨~H$ZmamÙ AmÍo {c{IV "JmdJmS>m-'""_hmamðμ>mVì`m JmdR>mË`mMr Vnercdma_m{hVr, {dîbofU, J¬m_g_mOaMZm dgm_m{OH$ VÏdo'' {deX H$aUmam H$moe am. {d._amR>o `m¨Zr n[al_nydªH$ {gÖ Ho$cm Amho.

lrkmZoœar eäXmWª H$moe {edmOr Zaha ^mdo `m¨Zr V`ma Ho$cocm

"lrkmZoœar eäXmWª' H$moe gwá{gÖ Amho.Ì`m¨ZrM "lrkmZoœar nXH$moe'hr aMcm Amho."kmZoœarMo eäX^m¨S>ma' hm am_M¨Ñ ZmamÙ

doqcJH$a `m¨Mm H$moe doJdoJú`m n[a{eð>m¨Zr`wŠV$ Amho. _w. lr. H$mZS>o `m¨Mm "lr_VJ¬¨WamO Xmg~moY eäXmWª g¨X^ªH$moe' Am{U _w.lr. H$mZS>o d am. e¨. ZJaH$a `m¨Zr {_iyZV`ma Ho$cocm "lr VwH$mam_JmWm eäXmWªg¨X^ªH$moe' ho eäXH$moe g¨~¨{YV Aå`mgmgmR>rCn`wŠV R>aco AmhoV. {d. Zm. JmoR>moòH$a `m¨Zr"n{dÍemô eäXH$moem'Mr aMZm Ho$cr Amho.X. dm. OmoJ `m¨Á`m "doXm¨V n[a^mfmcKwH$moem'V Cn{ZfXmVrc nm[a^m{fH$eäXm¨Mm g_mdoe Amho.

PmS>r~mocr _amR>r eäXH$moe_amR>rV ~mocr^mfm¨Mo H$mhr H$moe aMco Joco

AmhoV. Eg. ~r. nQ>dYªZ Am{U E_. ~r.nQ>dYªZ `m¨Zr {_iyZ AZwH¬$_o Jm|S>r Am{U_m{S>`m ^mfoMm eäXH$moe 1981 _Ýò V`maHo$cm Amho. h[aý¨Ñ ~moaH$a `m¨Mm "PmS>r~mocr_amR>r eäXH$moe' PmS>r~mocrMr í`mâr {gÖH$aUmam Amho. "d¢Xû ~mocrMm eäXH$moe'XodrXmg gmoQ>o `m¨Zr 1974 _Ýò á{gÖ Ho$cmAmho. `mV ZmJnwar d d¢Xû `m XmoÞhr ~moctMmg¨{_l eäXg¨J¬h d æhUr Amì`m AmhoV. a_oegy`ªdër `m¨Zr "A{hamUr ^mfoVrc æhUr ddmŠáMmam¨Mm H$moe' 1997 _Ýò á{gÖ Ho$cmAmho. X. Vm. ^mogco `m¨Zr "J¬m_rU ~mocrMmeäXH$moe' 2003 _Ýò V`ma Ho$cm Amho.amÂ` _amR>r {dH$mg g¨òWogmR>r J¨JmYanmZVmdUo d Ì`m¨Mo ghH$mar `m¨Zr X{cVgm{hÌ`mVrc eäXm¨Á`m H$moemMm n{hcm I¨S>2012 _Ýò áH$m{eV Ho$cm Amho.

Aå`mgH$m¨gmR>r CnH$maH$ _amR>rVrc dmL>³_`H$moem¨Mo XmcZ Ogo

~hÿ{dY òdë$nmMo Amho VgoM Vo _amR>rgm{hÌ`mÁ`m Aå`mgH$m¨g A{Ve` CnH$maH$R>aco Amho. ZmJnya {dÛmnrR>mÁ`m _amR>r{d^mJmZo 1974 _Ýò _w¼` g¨nmXH$ A. Zm.

OrdZí`dhmamV ^mfoMm g_OyVXmanUo Cn`moJ Ho$cm Omdm `mgmR>r nm[a^m{fH$ eäXH$moem¨Mr {Z{_ªVr A{Ve`Cn`wŠV R>aVo. {deofV: _hmamðμ> amÂ`mMr {Z{_ªVr Pmì`mZ¨Va d _amR>rV gdª H$ma^ma gwë$ Pmì`mZ¨Va nm[a^m{fH$eäXH$moe hr EH$ An[ahm`ª JaO hmoD$Z ~gcr. _hmamðμ> emgZmZo òWmnZ Ho$coì`m ^mfmg¨MmcZmc`mZo g¨~¨{YV

{df`m¨Vrc {dÜmZm¨Mo gmhmç` KoD$Z AWªemô, YmVwemô,`¨ÍA{^`m¨{ÍH$s, {dÛwV A{^`m¨{ÍH$s, òWmnÌ` A{^`m¨{ÍH$s,Am¢fYemô, H¦${femô, J{UVemô, J¬¨Wmcèmô, Ordemô, VÏdkmZd VHª$emô, ^m¢{VH$emô, agm`Zemô, _mZgemô, amÂèmô,^yJmoc, cmoH$áemgZ, dm{UÂèmô, Þ`m`d¢ÛH$ d {dfemô, í`dgm`í`dòWmnZ, {ejUemô, g_mOemô, gm{hÌ`g_rjm, g¨¼`memôBÌ`mXr {df`m¨Zm dm{hcoco nm[a^m{fH$ g¨kmH$moe {Z_mªU Ho$co. `m H$moem¨VrcAZoH$ g¨km AmVm í`dhmamV áM{cV Pmì`m AmhoV.

49’o$~¬wdmar 2013

Xoenm¨S>o d AÞ` g¨nmXH$ {d. ~m. á^wXogmBª, _.e¨. dm~JmdH$a, X. {^. Hw$iH$Uu d _. am.Omoer Aem g¨nmXH$ _¨S>imZo _amR>r ^mfm ddmL>³_` `m¨Á`m Ama¨^mnmgyZ 1850 n`«VÁ`mdmL>³_`mg dm{hcocm n{hcm dmL>³_`H$moeV`ma Ho$cm. _hmamðμ> amÂ` gm{hÌ` Am{Ug¨òH¦$Vr _¨S>imZo Mma I¨S>m¨Mr, _amR>rdmL>³_`H$moemMr EH$ `moOZm AmIcr hmoVr. `m`moOZoA¨VJªV J¨. Xo. ImZmocH$a g¨nm{XV_amR>r dmL>³_`H$moemMm n{hcm I¨S> B. g.1050 Vo 1857 `m H$mimVrc _amR>rJ¬¨WH$mam¨Mm í`dpòWVnUo n[aM` H$ë$Z XoVmo.AÞ` g¨nmXH$m¨Zr g¨nm{Xboì`m Xwgé`m d{Vgé`m I¨S>m¨V _mÍ ImZmocH$am¨Á`mgëmoYZmÁ`m d coIZmÁ`m {eòVrMm A^mdAmT>iVmo. dmL>³_`H$moemMm Mm¢Wm I¨S> "g_rjmg¨km I¨S>' Amho. `mÁ`m g_Þd`H$ {dO`mamOmÝ`j AgyZ Ì`mV _amR>rg_rjmí`dhmamer g¨~¨{YV _hÏdmÁ`m g¨km¨MmZoQ>H$m n[aM` H$ë$Z XoË`mV Amcm Amho. Or.Ama. ^Q>H$i \$mC¨S>oeZ, _w¨~Bª `m g¨òWoZogXmZ¨X ^Q>H$i `m¨Á`m áoaUoZo "g¨{jâ _amR>rdmL>³_`H$moe' Zm_H$ XmoZ I¨S> á{gÖ Ho$co.Ama¨^mnmgyZ 1920 n`«VÁ`m dmL>³_`merg¨~¨{YV n{hcm I¨S> Am{U 1920 Vo 2003`m H$mcI¨S>mVrc gm{hpÌ`H$ d gm{hÌ``m¨Á`mer g¨~¨{YV Xwgam I¨S>. á^m JUmoaH$a,Cfm Q>mH$iH$a, dg¨V Am~mOr S>hmHo$, O`mXS>H$a, gXmZ¨X ^Q>H$i AmXr `m I¨S>m¨Mog¨nmXH$ AmhoV. `mM _m{cHo$Vrc {Vgam I¨S>"dmL>³_`rZ g¨km g¨H$ìnZm H$moe' Amho.gm{hÌ`í`dhmamVrc gdª _hÏdmMogm{hÌ`{gÖm¨V Am{U g_rjmí`dhmamVrc{ZdS>H$ g¨km Am{U g¨H$ìnZm `m I¨S>mVgwònð> Ho$ì`m AmhoV. `m {VÞhr I¨S>m¨Zm dg¨VAm~mOr S>hmHo$ `m¨Zr áXrKª áòVmdZm{c{hì`m AmhoV. `m áòVmdZm¨_wio _amR>r^mfoMm d dmL>³_`mMm B{Vhmg Am{U _amR>rg¨òH¦$VrMr doJdoJir A¨Jmonm¨Jo gwgyÍnUodmMH$m¨Á`m Ý`mZmV òVmV. VgoM H$moemVrcZm|XtZm {dòV¦V Aer n¦ñ>^y_r d n[aáoû` `m¨Mmcm^ KS>Vmo.

g¨H$ìnZm H$moe_amR>r H$moena¨naoVrc AmUIr EH$ _hÏdmMo

H$m`ª gwaoe nm¨Sw>a¨J dmKo `m¨Á`m "g¨H$ìnZmH$moem'_wio nma nS>co Amho. _amR>rV hm H$moeAZÞ` òdë$nmMm Amho. `m H$moemV _mZdr{dMmaí`mnmamVrc {d{dY g¨H$ìnZm g¨J¬{hVHo$ì`m AgyZ Ì`m g¨H$ìnZoer g¨~¨{YV

g_mZmWu eäX áW_ XoD$Z {VÁ`mer g¨~¨{YVZmdo, {deofUo, {H¬$`m{deofUo d {H¬$`mnXo{Xcr AmhoV. `m n¨MI¨S>mÌ_H$g¨H$ìnZmH$moemMo _mZdr OrdZí`dhmamerg¨~¨{YV Ago Y_ª, H$mc, {dœ, ámUr ddZònVr, _mZdr eara, Hw$Qw>¨~g¨òWm, ZmJ[aH$OrdZ, JwUmdJwU, _Z d òd^md Am{Uc{cV H$cm Ago Xhm {d^mJ AmhoV.

"g¨¼`m-g¨Ho$V H$moe' Aer d¢{eïQ>ènyUªH$moe{Z{_ªVrXoIrc _amR>r ^mfoV PmcocrAmho. Aem H$moem¨V g¨¼òZo gwë$ hmoUmé`meäXm¨Mo {ddaU Ho$coco AgVo. CXm. Zdag,XemdVma BÌ`mXr. aI_mOr XodOr _wio `m¨Zr1867 _Ýò "qhXwemômVrc g¨¼`mdmMH$Xw~m}Y eäXm¨Mm H$moe' aMcm. Ì`mZ¨Va Ì`mV{d{dY g¨Ho$V í`ŠV H$aUmé`m eäXm¨Mr âKmcyZ lr. em. hU_¨Vo `m¨Zr 1958 _Ýò"g¨Ho$V H$moe' V`ma Ho$cm. g¨¼`mdmMH$eäXm¨nwaVr _`mªXm Z R>odVm ë$T> í`dhma,g_mO, Y_ª, g¨áXm` emô `m¨Vrchr ë$T>g¨Ho$V òWo {Xco AmhoV. VgoM Mman[a{eð>m¨_YyZ H$Q>^`mXr g¨Ho$V, Z¨X^mfmg¨Ho$V, H${dg¨Ho$V d {d{dY g¨Ho$V {XcoAmhoV. aKwZmW cû_U CnmgZr `mZmJnyaÁ`m J¦hòWm¨Zr "_amR>r cmj{UH$eäXH$moe' ZmdmÁ`m H$moemMr aMZm Ho$crAmho.

{XZ{deof H$moegm_m{OH$, amOH$s`, dmL>³_`rZ,

gm¨òH¦${VH$ Aem joÍm¨Vrc KS>m_moS>tMr{VWrZwgma qH$dm {XZm¨H$mZwgma KS>coì`mC„oIZr` KQ>Zm¨Mr Zm|X H$aUmao {VWr-H$moehr _amR>rV AmhoV. `m H$moem¨VH$moeH$mamg _hÏdmÁ`m dmQ>Umé`m {d{dYjoÍm¨Vrc KQ>Zm¨Mm {ZX}e AmT>iVmo. á. Z.

Omoer `m¨Zr V`ma Ho$cocm "{XZ{deof(^maVr` B{VhmgmMo {VWrdma XeªZ') hmH$moe 1950 _Ýò áH$m{eV Pmcm AgyZ `mH$moemcm lr. _. _mQ>o `m¨Mr áòVmdZm Amho.nwT>rc H$mimV `m H$moemÁ`m gwYm[aV Amd¦Ï`m{ZKV am{hì`m. naewam_ har ~d} Am{UH$_cmH$a _hmXod naMwao `m¨Zr aMcocm"OJmMm B{Vhmg (d¢{œH$ KS>m_moS>tMmkmZH$moe') B. g. nydª 5000 Vo B. g.2001 n`«VÁ`m KQ>Zm¨Mr Zm|X H$aUmam Amho._mZdr g¨òH¦$VrÁ`m gwêdmVrnmgyZ `m {dœmVKSy>Z Amcoì`m M_ÌH¦${VOÞ` Z¢g{JªH$ d_mZd{Z{_ªV KQ>Zm¨Mm _mJmodm KoUmam H$moe eo.am. Hw$cH$Uu `m¨Zr "{dœkmZ-~moY' `mZmdmZo V`ma Ho$cm Amho. "_hmamðμ>mÁ`mH$mc_wÑm' (_YwH$a {dïUy gmodZr), "nwUoehamMm kmZH$moe' I¨S> 2 {XZ{deof (em¨. J._hmOZ) `m H$moemV AZwH¬$_o _hmamðμ> d nwUoeha `mVrc KQ>Zm¨Mr Zm|X Ho$cocr AmT>iVo._. lr. Xr{jV `m¨Zr "EH$mo{Ugmí`meVH$mVrc _hmamðμ> : EH$ X¦{ð>jon' (B. g.1801 Vo 1901 `m eVH$mVrc {d{dYKQ>Zm¨Mr gZdma Zm|X) `m òdë$nmMr EH$Zm|XnwpòVH$m V`ma Ho$cr Amho.

ámMrZ ^maVr` òWcH$moe_hmamðμ>m{df`r Eo{Vhm{gH$, ^m¢Jmo{cH$ d

gm¨òH¦${VH$ _m{hVr XoUmam d _hmamðμ>mÁ`máJVrMr ^mdr {Xem gwM{dUmam "_hmamðμ>n[aM` AWmªV g¨`wŠV _hmamðμ>mMm kmZH$moe'qM. J. H$d}, g. Am. OmoJioH$a d `. Jmo.Omoer `m¨Zr {Z_mªU Ho$cm Amho.{gÖoœaemôr {MÍmd `m¨Zr gëmoYZnydªH$"ámMrZ ^maVr` òWcH$moe' V`ma Ho$cmAgyZ `mV d¢{XH$ gm{hÌ`, H$m¢{Q>crÀWªemô, nm{UZr` í`mH$aU, dmpì_H$s

50 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

am_mÙ, _hm^maV, nwamUo, _Ý``wJrZ g¨òH¦$Vgm{hÌ` Am{U eäXH$moe VgoM J¬rH$ n{eª`Z,~m¢Ö, O¢Z, {MZr gm{hÌ` Am{U {ecmcoI`m¨{df`rMo Vnerc {Xco AmhoV. {Z{Xªð>^m¢Jmo{cH$ òWim¨Mr gmYma _m{hVr XoUmam hmH$moe ámMrZ ^maVr` ^yJmocmMm kmZH$moeæhUmdm Agm Amho.

"dm{fªH$' ho dfªâmVrc KS>m_moS>tMr _m{hVrXoUmao gmYZ Amho. Vo Â`m dfmªMr {Z{_ªVrAgoc Ì`mÁ`m AJmoXaÁ`m dfmªVrcKS>m_moS>tMr _m{hVr Ì`mV AgVo. òWyc_mZmZoVrZ áH$maMr dm{fªHo$ AgVmV. EH$,Am¨Vaamðμ>r`, amðμ>r` qH$dmamÂ` nmVidarc ^m¢Jmo{cH$joÍmJ{UH$ _m{hVr XoUmao;XmoZ, EImÛm {df`mgdm{hcoco dm{fªH$ Â`mVg¨~¨{YV {df`mV nS>cocrkmZmMr â, áH$m{eV J¬¨W,á{gÖ Pmcoco coI,{df`g¨~Ö n[afXm, MMmªgÍo,A{YdoeZo BÌ`mXtMo d¦Ïmm¨V;VrZ, kmZH$moe áH$m{eVPmì`mZ¨Va Ì`mVrc kmZmVdfªâmV nS>cocr âZm|X{dUmar nwadUr. _hmamðμ>emgZmZo "_hmamðμ>' `m ZmdmMo dm{fªH$ 1971_Ýò gwë$ Ho$co. emgZmÁ`m gdª `moOZm¨Mr,{d^mJr` H$m`mªMr, dfmªVrc A{YH¦$V _m{hVr{_iË`mMo ho EH$ _hÏdmMo gmYZ hmoVo. `mMmeodQ>Mm I¨S> 1974-75 `m dfu {ZKmcm.g¨Vmof XmòVmZo `m¨Zr gwë$ Ho$coco "_hmamðμ>'("dm{fªH$') 1989 nmgyZ {ZKVo Amho.`m{edm` Ì`m¨ZrM 1895 _Ýò "^maV - EH$nhmUr' ho dm{fªH$ 1995 _Ýò gwë$ Ho$co.JOmZZ jragmJa `m¨Zr gwë$ Ho$coco"áH$meZ dm{fªH$' H$mhr df} {ZKmco. `mdm{fªH$mV áH$meZí`dgm`, dfªâmVrcáH$m{eV J¬¨W, _amR>r coIH$m¨Mr nÏ`m¨gh{Xcocr `mXr `m¨gmaIm Cn`wŠV VnercAmT>iVmo. AcrH$S>o _mohZ dg¨V d¢Û,"áH$meZ{dœ' `m dm{fªH$mÜmao hoM H$m`ª H$arVAgVmV.

gyMr-dmL>³_`kmZH$moe, eäXH$moe, H$moegX¦e

J¬¨W{Z{_ªVr `m¨Á`mBVH$mM H$moedmL>³_`mMm_hÏdmMm KQ>H$ æhUOo "gyMr-dmL>³_`'.J¬¨WgyMr, J¬¨WH$ma gyMr, {Z`VH$m{cH$ gyMr`m¨gmaIo gyMrdmL>³_`mMo doJdoJio áH$ma

gm¨JVm òVrc. H$moUÌ`mhr gëmoYH$mcm,Aå`mgH$mcm Ì`mÁ`m Aå`mg{df`mV Ì`mÁ`mAmYr H$moUH$moUÌ`m áH$maMr H$m_o Pmcr AmhoVVo OmUyZ KoË`mgmR>r J¬¨WgyMr ho nm`m^yVg¨X^ªgmYZ R>aVo. _amR>rV Odinmg XmoZeoJ¬¨WgyMr AmhoV. `m gyMtV J¬¨WH$ma gyMr,{Z`VH$m{cH$m¨Á`m d {Z`VH$m{cH$mVrccoIm¨Á`m gyMr, hòV{c{IVm¨Á`m gyMr,{df`gyMr, g¨X^ªgmYZm¨Á`m gyMr, Eo{Vhm{gH$gmYZm¨Á`m gyMr, _amR>r {Z`VH$m{cH$m¨Á`mgyMr, _amR>r {Z`VH$m{cH$m¨Á`m coIgyMr,á~Ÿ-gma-gyMr Aem {d{dY áH$maÁ`m gyMtMm

A¨V^mªd hmoVmo. _amR>r J¬¨WgyMr

e¨. J. XmVo `m¨Zr Ho$cocr_amR>r J¬¨WgyMr (1800-1937 Am{U 1938-1950)hr J¬¨WgyMr gdm«V _mocmMrgyMr Amho. _amR>r gm{hÌ`mÁ`mgëmoYH$mg gX¢d gmhmç`H$marR>aUmar `m gyMrBVH$s _yc^yVgyMr Xwgar Zmhr. áog A±ËS>a{OòQμ>oeZ A±ŠQ>ZwgmaZm|XUrcm gwêdmVhmoË`mAJmoXa Oo J¬¨W áH$m{eVPmco Ì`m¨Mm emoY KoD$Z Ì`m¨Mr

gyMr H$aË`mMo H$m`ª A. H$m. {á`moiH$a, gwa|ÑJmdgH$a, J¨JmYa _moaOo `m¨Zr Ho$co. `mJ¬¨Wm¨Zm Xmocm_w{ÑVo Ago æhUVmV. gyMrH$maXmVo `m¨Á`m ò_aUmWª _w¨~Bª _amR>rJ¬¨Wg¨J¬hmc`mZo nwUo òWo XmVo gyMr _¨S>imMròWmnZm Ho$cr. `m _¨S>imÁ`m dVrZo _amR>r{Z`VH$m{cH$m¨Á`m gyMrMo doJdoJio I¨S>á{gÖ Ho$co AmhoV. 1832 nmgyZ 1980n`«VÁ`m {Z`VH$m{cH$m¨Vrc coIm¨Mo {df`dmagyMtMo I¨S> {gÖ Pmco AmhoV. `m H$m_mMmAma¨^ e¨. J. XmVo, {X. {d. H$mioá^¦VtZrHo$cm. Vo H$m`ª nyUªVog ZoË`mg e¨. Zm. ~d},Ho$. h. ~moaJmdH$a, d. {^. ~ocgao `m¨ZrHo$coco n[al_ H$maUr^yV R>aco AmhoV. eaXHo$ed gmR>o `m¨Zr amÂ` _amR>r {dH$mgg¨òWogmR>r 1951 Vo 1962 `m H$mcmVrcJ¬¨WgyMrMm CnH¬$_ Ho$cm Amho.

J¬¨WH$ma gyMrÁ`m g¨X^mªV gw. am. MwZoH$a`m¨Zr Ho$coì`m "S>m±. _mYdamd nQ>dYªZdmL>³_`gyMr', "A. H$m. {á`moiH$a `m¨Á`mdmL>³_`mMr gyMr', "~miH¦$ïU AZ¨V {^S>o`m¨Á`m H${dVm¨Mr gyMr' Am{U "~miH¦$ïUAZ¨V {^S>o `m¨Á`m dmL>³_`mMr gyMr' `m gyMr

Z_wZoXma AmhoV. adtÑ Kdr `m¨Zr Ho$cocr"Jmo_¨VH$s` J¬¨WH$mam¨Á`m _amR>r J¬¨Wm¨Mr gyMr'Jmoí`mVrc ghmeonojm A{YH$ J¬¨WH$mam¨Á`mgm{hÌ`{Z{_ªVrMr Zm|X H$aUmar Amho. Eg.Eg. ZmS>H$Uu `m¨Zr Ho$cocr "~mcH$dr -g¨X^ªgyMr', ~mcH$dtÁ`m g_J¬ Aå`mgmMm_mJmodm KoUmar Amho. _¨Xm Im¨S>Jo Am{U BVa`m¨Zr {gÖ Ho$coì`m "ôrgm{hÌ`mMm _mJmodm'(1850 Vo 2000) `m J¬¨WmMm {Vgam I¨S>_amR>rVrc ôrcoIH$m¨Á`m gm{hÌ`{Z{_ªVrMrgyMr XoUmam Amho. gwYm Omoer `m¨Zr Ho$cocr"J¨JmYa JmS>Jri dmL>³_` gyMr', O`m XS>H$a`m¨Zr Ho$cocr "{d. g. Im¨S>oH$a dmL>³_` gyMr',C_m XmXoJmdH$a `m¨Zr Ho$cocr "AmZ¨X gmYcogm{hÌ`gyMr', gwf_m nm¢S>dmc `m¨Á`m "Jmo. {d.H$a¨XrH$a gyMr' d "Î`¨~H$ e¨H$a eoOdcH$agyMr', gwYm ^Q> `m¨Mr "am_ JUoe JS>H$ardmL>³_`gyMr' Aem {H$VrVar J¬¨WH$magyMtMmC„oI òWo H$aVm òBªc. 1921 _Ýò J. a¨.X¨S>dVo `m¨Zr "_amR>r ôrcoIH$m¨Mr gyMr' (B.g. 1872 Vo 1921) Zm_H$ gyMr ~S>moÛmhyZá{gÖ Ho$cr Amho. {df`gyMrÁ`m AZwf¨JmZo_w. lr. H$mZS>o `m¨Zr Ho$cocr "á`moJj_ _amR>rZmQ>Ho$' hr dUªZmÌ_H$ gyMr, Ì`m¨ZrM {gÖHo$cocm "g¨V gm{hÌ` g¨X^ª H$moe', lr. a.{^S>o `m¨Zr Ho$cocr "EH$m¨{H$H$m gyMr', am. {d.gmodZr `m¨Zr Ho$cocr "_amR>r {dkmZdmL>³_`gyMr' (1951 - 1999) `m¨Mm{deofÌdmZo C„oI H$amd`mg hdm.

{Z`VH$m{cH$m¨Á`m coIgyMr_amR>r {Z`VH$m{cH$m¨Á`m òdV¨Í

coIgyMrhr AmVm ~é`mM á_mUmda {gÖPmì`m AmhoV. `m¨V _¦Um{cZr H$m_VH¦$V"A{^êMr-gyMr', _ram Km¨S>JoH¦$V "AZwðw>^gyMr' d "_hmamðμ> gm{hÌ` n{ÍH$m gyMr', Ho$edOmoerH¦$V "`wJdmUr gyMr' d "gÌ`H$WmgyMr', A. H$m. {á`moiH$a `m¨Zr {gÖ Ho$cocr"_amR>r gëmoYZn{ÍHo$Mr ~mam df}' (H$mcI¨S>: 1953 - 1965), hr gyMr, nwïnm ^mdo`m¨Zr Ho$cocr "{d{dYkmZ{dòVma gyMr' Aemgdª gyMtMo _hÏd {Z{dªdmX Amho. doJdoJú`m{dÛmnrR>m¨VyZ _amR>r {df`m¨VJªV nr. EM. S>r.gmR>r òdrH¦$V Pmcoì`m gdª á~Ÿm¨Mr Zm|XH$aUmar dg¨V {dïUy Hw$cH$Uu `m¨Zr {gÖHo$cocr "_amR>r á~Ÿ gyMr' _amR>rVrc nrEM.S>r. nXdrgmR>r Pmcoì`m gëmoYZ{df`m¨MrH$ìnZm XoUmar Amho. `mMá_mUo lr. a¨.Hw$cH$Uu, d. Xm. Hw$cH$Uu Am{U X. n¨. Omoer`m¨Zr "h¢Xam~mXMr _amR>r hòV{c{IVo' hr

51’o$~¬wdmar 2013

dUªZmÌ_H$ gyMr, dg¨V g. Omoer `m¨ZrHo$cocr _ÑmgMr _amR>r hòV{c{IVo d{Íd|Ñ_Mr _amR>r hòV{c{IVo `m _amR>rhòV{c{IVm¨Á`m dUªZmÌ_H$ gyMr, {d. ~m.á^wXogmBª `m¨Zr Ho$cocr "_amR>r gëmoYZ_¨S>imVrc gyû_nQ>m¨Mr gyMr', Q>r. Ama.^r_am_ `m¨Zr V`ma Ho$cocr VÖmda_hmamOga\$moOr `m¨Á`m gaòdVr_hmc J¬¨Wmc`mVrc"_amR>r hòV{c{IVm¨Mr dUªZmÌ_H$ gyMr'(nmMdm I¨S>) `m gdª gyMrXoIrc gëmoYH$m¨ggmhmç`^yV R>aUmé`m AmhoV.

gyMtMr gyMrgw. am. MwZoH$a `m¨Zr {gÖ Ho$cocr "gyMtMr

gyMr' hr _amR>rVrc A{^Zd gyMr æhUVmòBªc. `m gyMrV AmOda Pmcoì`mdoJdoJú`m gyMtMr EH${ÍV Zm|X nmhmd`mg{_iVo. hr gyMr 1995 _Ýò á{gÖ Pmcr.Ì`mZ¨Va Â`m gyMr ApòVÌdmV Amì`m Ì`m gdª

gyMtMr Zm|Xhr MwZoH$a `m¨Zr H$ë$Z R>odcrAmho. hr â _yi gyMrV KmcyZ AÛ`mdVòdë$nmV "gyMtMr gyMr' áH$m{eV Pmcr VaVr _amR>r dmL>³_`må`mgH$m¨Zm AÌ`¨VCn`moJmMr R>aoc.

_amR>rVrc H$moeH$m`mª~Õc g_mYmZ dmQ>mdoAer H$moe{Z{_ª{VjoÍmMr áJVr Amho ho{Z:gë`. `mMm AWª Pmcoì`m H$moeH$m`mªVÍwQ>r ZmhrV Ago Zmhr. VWm{n Pmcoco H$m__amR>r ^mfoÁ`m d dmL>³_`mÁ`m X¦ð>rZo{Z{ýVnUo _hÏdmMo Amho. H$moUÌ`mhr ^mfocmámâ hmoUmar g_¦Ör Oer VrV CÌnÞZ hmoUmé`m~hÿ{dY gm{hÌ`m_wio hmoV AgVo, VerM VrV{Z_mªU hmoUmé`m H$moeg¨nXoVyZ hmoV AgVo.H$moeaMZoMo ZdZdo g¨H$ìn AmOhr Ho$co OmVAmhoV. Vo {gÖrg Joco æhUOo _amR>rVrcH$moeH$m`mªMr í`mâr AmUIr dmT>oc.H$moeH$m`mªMm AmOdaMm B{Vhmg Ago gm¨JVmo

H$s, ~hÿVmë H$moeH$m`ª ho í`{»$JVá`ÌZm¨ZrM KS>co Amho. AWªcm^mMr AnojmXyaM, H$moeH$m`ª{df`H$ áo_m_wio Am{WªH$ PigmogyZ H$moeH$mam¨Zr {ZanojnUo H$moe {gÖHo$co AmhoV. ág¨J{deofr g¨~¨{YVm¨Á`m{hVqMVH$m¨Mm qH$dm H$mhr ~m~VrV emgZmMm_XVrMm hmV nwT>o Pmcm Agochr, VWm{n.H$moe{Z{_ªVrMr CÌH$Q> AmH$m¨jmM _amR>r^mfoVrc H$moedmL>³_`mÁ`m g_¦Örg _ycV:H$maU R>acr Amho.

(Q>rn : {Okmgy¨Zr H$moe{df`H$ A{YH$Vn{ecmgmR>r dg¨V {dïUy Hw$cH$Uu `m¨ZrV`ma Ho$cocr "_amR>r H$moe d g¨X^ªgmYZo`m¨Mr g_J¬ gyMr B. g. 1800-2003'(áH$meH$ : amÂ` _amR>r {dH$mg g¨òWm, _w¨~Bª)Adî` nmhmdr.)

g¨nHª$ … 9922404694rr

(nmZ 43 dë$Z) _amR>s eäXm¨Ms OmJm KoV AmhoV. Amnì`mbm B¨J¬OsòV Zmhs æhUOo Amnì`mbm Þ`yZ Amho, AesM gdª _amR>s _mUgm¨Ms_mZ[gH$Vm Amho, Vs B¨J¬OsM¨ áMbZ dmT>dm`bm ~iH$Q>s XoVo Amho.g_mOmÁ`m gdªM òVam¨da B¨J¬OsMm CXmo CXmo Amho. "B¨J¬Os òV Zmhs'Ag¨ æhUUmambm _mJmg g_mOË`mMm H$mi Amho. _amR>s _mUgm¨Ms _Z¨B¨J¬OsZ¨ ^mabobs AmhoV. _amR>s _mUgmÁ`mM _ZmV _amR>sbm Jm¢UAm[U B¨J¬Osbm á[VïRo>M¨ òWmZ Amho. AemV n¢go IMª H$ë$Z Ho$bobo_amR>sÁ`m [dH$mgmMo á`ÌZ AmnmoAmnM ám`mo[JH$ Am[U H¦$[Í_ R>aVAmhoV. g_mOmÁ`m _mZ[gH$VoMm Ì`m á`moJm¨Zm H$gbmhs AmYma Zmhs.Ì`m_wi¨ òÌ`m H$mhs dfm«V-nÞZmge¨â dfm«V- ho _amR>s [Q>H$dË`mMo

á`moJ haUma AmhoV Am[U Ì`m¨Á`mda IMª hmoV Agbobm gÝ`mMm n¢gmdm`m OmUma Amho. Vmo H$mi Xya Zmhs, Ooíhm _amR>s ^mfm, gdªÍ \$»$B¨J¬Os dmnaUmé`m bmoH$m¨gmR>s g¨J¬hmb`mÁ`m [^©VtAmS> OVZ H$ë$ZRo>dbs OmBªb Am[U Aem [Zag [df`mV H$m` nmhm`M¨ æhUyZ, Ì`mg¨J¬hmb`mH$S¨> Hw$Ushs [\$aH$Uma Zmhs. (~hwVoH$ ^maVs` ^mfm¨M¨ Ag¨MhmoBªb.)

ho Ia¨M Amho H$s, Os ^mfm _mUgmÁ`m nmoQ>mMs í`dòWm H$ë$ eH$VZmhs, Vs _aVoM. Omoda _amR>s ^mfoV _amR>s _mUgm¨Ms nmoQ¨> âË`mMsY_H$ Amho, Vmoda Vs [Q>Ho$b. Omoda _amR>s Am[U B¨J¬OsÁ`m [IMS>s^mfoV nmoQ> âË`mMs Y_H$ amhsb, Vmodahs Vs Adeof ë$nmZ¨ [Q>Ho$b.

Ì`mZ¨VaMm H$mi _mÍ Ho$di B¨J¬OsMm Agob. AmO_hmamïQμ>mV Ho$di _amR>sÁ`mM [Odmda OJUmar -dmJUmar _mUg¨ \$ŠV ~moQ>mda _moOË`mBVH$sMAgVsb. Vs \$ŠV Am[U ewÖ _amR>s OmonmgUmareodQ>Ms [nT>s. nwT>Mm H$mi B¨J¬Os-_amR>sÁ`m[_lUmMm Agob Am[U Vmo H$mi nwT>Á`m [nT>èm¨ZmHo$di Am[U ewÖ B¨J¬OsH$S¨> KoD$Z OmBªb.

Am[U hohs Ia¨M H$s, H$moUVshs EH$ ^mfmH$moUÌ`mhs Xwgé`m ^mfoda AmH¬$_U H$aV Zmhs, Vag¨nV OmUmé`m ^mfoVboM JÕma Am[U [\$Vya bmoH$Ì`m ^mfoMm hiyhiy Osd KoV amhVmV. EImÛm^mfoV JÕma Am[U [\$Vwam¨Ms g¨¼`m H$m dmT>Vo, VaÌ`m¨Á`m nmns nmoQ>m¨Mm gdmb AgVmo ~m~m!

O` _amR>s!g¨nHª$ … 9422005065

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g¨H¬$‘UmVrb ‘amR>r ^mfm

52 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

{»$_Ïd kmZoem¨Mo& Acm¢{H$H$Ago gmMo&' `mMm áÌ`` òVmo,Vmo Ì`m¨Á`m dmL³>_`H¦$VtVyZ.

"kmZoîdar' Va Ì`m¨Mr dmL³>_`r _yVuM æhUmdrcmJoc. "{VÁ`m AmYmamda (kmZoîdam¨Mr)Wmoadr {Ma¨VZ ë$nmVM nwT>rc {nT>èm¨Á`mhrg_moa C^r amhUma Amho,' Agm {dîdmg{dœZmW I¢ao `m¨Zr "kmZoîdam¨MoM_ÌH$ma'_Ýò í`»$ Ho$cm Amho. "_hmamðμ>gmaòdV'H$ma ^mdo `m¨Zr "kmZoîdar' J¬¨WmÁ`mg¨X^mªV "ho Ho$dT>o AmîM`ª!' AgoM CX³JmaH$mT>co AmhoV. "kmZoîdar'Á`m g¨X^mªV,Aå`mgH$m¨Á`m Òð>rZo AmUIr EH$ _hÏdmMr~m~ Amho, Vr æhUOo kmZoîdarMr Am{UkmZoîdarÁ`m eäXH$moem¨Mr hòV{c{IVo._Ý``wJrZ _amR>r dmL³>_`mÁ`m BVa J¬¨Wm¨Á`mhòV{c{IVm¨Á`m g¨¼ònojm kmZoîdarMr Am{U

VÌg¨~Ÿr eäXH$moem¨Mr g¨¼`m IynM A{YH$Amho. "lrkmZXodr : {M{H$pÌgV ewÖnmR>Amd¦Ïmr' g¨nm{XV H$arV AgVmZm Amæhmcm hmAZw^d Amcm Amho. áòVwV g¨nmXZ H$arVAgVmZm Amæhmcm kmZoîdarÁ`m AZoH$hòV{c{IV Am{U áH$m{eV eäXmWªH$moem¨Mogmù Pmco Amho.

"nmR>{ZpîMVrÁ`m g¨X^mªV AWªVÏdmcm{deof òWmZ Zmhr,' ho _. dm. Ym|S> `m¨Mo _VAëV: Iao Amho. H$maU d. {X. Hw$cH$UrªæhUVmV Ì`má_mUo "nmR>ôXmMr {M{H$Ìgm dÌ`mMr {Z{ýVr H$aUo hrhr EH$m narZo _ycV:AWª{Z{ýVrMrM {H¬$`m hmo`.' (_amR>r gm{hÌ`: {d_eª Am{U {d_eªH$); H¦$. nm¨. Hw$cH$Uu`m¨Zrhr "{ddoH$qgYy'Á`m áòVmdZoV "Inselecting the readings attention

has never seen allowed to devite

from their phonetic and semantic

aspects,' Ago ònð> Ho$co Amho."^mfmemômV AWª_r_m¨gocm òWmZ Agmdo,'Ago \¬|$M AWªd¢km{ZH$ ~¬oAmc `m¨Mo _V Amho.Jmonmiml_òdm_tZr ^mfmemôr`ÒïQ>èmkmZoîdarMr nmR>{ZpîMVr Ho$cr, hm IwnoaH$aemôr `m¨Mm A{^ám` "nXmWmªÜ¢V'(nX Am{UAWª `m¨Mo AÜ¢V) Z g_Oì`m_wio æhUOo Z_mZì`m_wio H$gm MwH$sMm R>aVmo ho cjmV òVo.

"_mPm _éhmR>m{M ~mocw H$d>{VH|$& n[aA_¦VmV| n¢Om qOHo$& eäXmMr í`m{â VoU| nmS>|&

AZw^dmdr&&4.215&&' Ago æhUUmé`mkmZoœam¨Zr "O¢g| q~~ O[a dmMHo$ EdT>|Ÿ& n[aH$mBn Í¢cmoŠ` WmoH$S>|'& Aer eäXmÁ`m AWmªMr_hVr JmBcr Amho. Amnì`m eäXm¨Á`m g¨X^mªVVo "Vmo em¨Vw{Z A{^Zd¢c& Vo n[agm¨ _éhmQ>o~moc& Oo g_wÑmhrh�{Z Imoc& AWª^[aVm&&'Aer ¾dmhr XoVmV.

"á{VewÖ kmZoîdar' {gÖ H$aVmZmAå`m{gcoì`m eäXH$moem¨Á`m AmYmao AmæhrkmZoîdarMm EH$ gdm«JrU gdªg_mdoeH$ H$moeV`ma H$arV AmhmoV. eäXH$moe hm CKS>CKS>CXmÏm MmoarMm _w»$hòV _m_cm AgVmo.BVam¨Zm "dmQ>mdr' Aer hr Mmoar! kmZoîdarÁ`meäXH$moemMr AZoH$ hòV{c{IVo VÖmda,Ywio, nwUo, _w¨~Bª, Am¢a¨Jm~mX B. {R>H$mUrAgcoì`m g¨òWm¨V CncäY AmhoV. H$mhrhòV{c{IVo hr í`{»$JV g¨J¬hmV AmhoV.`mVrc XmoZ-VrZ hòV{c{IVo _w{ÑV ë$nmVáH$m{eV Pmcocr AmhoV.

1. nwUo òWrc ^m. B. g¨. _¨SimVrc á{gÖgëmoYH$ J. h. Iao `m¨Zr _¨S>imÁ`m "gëmoYZn{ÍHo$'VyZ "eäX_m{cH$m - kmZoîdar AWdm^mfmaÌZ_m{cH$m' á{gÖ Ho$cr. ámòVm{dH$mVáòVwV hòV{c{IVmMo H$mhr {deof gm¨JyZVX³Zwf¨{JH$ _hÏdmÁ`m Jmoð>tMm D$hmnmoh Ho$cmAmho. "nm¨MdoCcr' qH$dm "gmVdoCcr' `meäXmMm AWª ~hÿVoH$ H$moem¨V "nm¨M qH$dm gmVZm¨¾`m¨Mr' Agm Ho$cocm Amho. áòVwVÁ`meäX_m{cHo$V "doCcr' æhUOo "H$m¨S>r' Agm"dmòVdmcm A{YH$ OdiMm AWª' Ho$cm Amho.Aa~r_Ýò gdma = KmoS>oòdma Am{U "Aòdma'ho Ì`m eäXmMo ~hÿdMZ. "Voíhm hm eäX gÝ`mVar Aa~r Yamdm' Ago Ì`m¨Zm dmQ>Vo.

2. lr{ZaÖZ aKwZmW `m¨Mm "kmZoîdar :Òð>mÞV-n[a^mfm-Q>rH$m' hm J¬¨W e{»$nmV`moJmgmYH$ Ho$. am. Omoer `m¨Zr g¨nm{XV Ho$cmAmho. áòVwV J¬¨WmÁ`m eodQ>r {ZaÖZaKwZmWòdm_r `m¨Zr n[al_nydªH$ V`ma Ho$cocr

ámMm`ª am_Xmg S>m¨Jo

kmZoüdar eäXmWªH$moe"í`

53’o$~¬wdmar 2013

"kmZoîdar : X¦ð>mÞV-n[a^mfm-Q>rH$meäXmWªgyMr'hr OmoS>cr Amho. áòVwVeäXmWªgyMr dada MmiyZ nm{hcr AgVm, Vrg¨nyUª kmZoœarMr eäXmWªgyMr Amho, Ago{ZXeªZmg òVo. "Y_ªYoZw' æhUOo "hmam{c';"nwg cmC{Z' æhUOo "gonwQ> H$mnyZ' ho `mo¾ÀWª Amæhmg `m eäXmWªgyMr_Ýò AmT>ico.

3. OJÞZmW ~miH¦$ïU CJmCH$a `m¨Zr{c{hcoì`m "kmZoîdar {Q>nUm'Mo emônyVg¨nmXZ Ho$co Amho _w. lr. H$mZS>o Am{U gw.~m. Hw$iH$Uu `m ámÝ`mnH$Ü`rZo. ~mdÞZn¦ñ>m¨Mr áòVmdZm d eäXgyMrgh _yi J¬¨Wg¨nmXZmMm hm AmXeª dòVwnmR>M æhUmdmcmJoc. ~hÿVoH$ H$moe kmZoîdarÁ`m EH$máVrdë$Z V`ma Ho$coco AmhoV qH$dm AgVmV.áòVwV "kmZoîdar {Q>nU' kmZoîdarÁ`mH$moUÌ`m áVrdë$Z V`ma Ho$co, `mMmhr(_`mª{XV H$m hmoBªZm) emoY KoË`mMm á`ÌZg¨nmXH$m¨Zr Ho$cm Amho. hm emoY _w¼`V:AÝ`m`dma Amodrg¨¼òÁ`m AmYmao Ho$cmAgì`m_wio Am{U Amodrg¨¼òÁ`m ~m~VrVEH$dmŠ`Vm Zgì`m_wio, g¨nmXH$m¨Zm {ZpîMV{ZïH$fmªáV nmohmoMVm Amco Zmhr. n¦. 51darc ViQ>rnm¨V H$mhr nmR>ôX {Xco AmhoV.Q>rn H¬$. XmoZ Am{U VrZ `m_Ýò "Amar' `mEodOr gaH$mar áVrV d Xm¨S>oH$a áVrV"Aa{gH$mV' Am{U "OmUo-ZoUo'EodOrgaH$mar áVrV "OmUUo' d Xm¨S>oH$a áVrV"Oogo H$m¨ H$aU|' Ago nmR> AmhoV. `mnmR>ôXm¨dë$Z áòVwV H$moe amOdmS>o qH$dmXm¨S>oH$a `m¨Zm {_imcoì`m hòV{c{IV áVrdaAmYmacocm Zmhr, Agm "Zo{V Zo{V' {ZïH$fªH$mT>Vm òBªc. Q>rn H¬$. 1 _Ýò "CÌH¦$ð> 5.178'EodOr gaH$mar Am{U Xm¨S>oH$a n¬VtV"C»$' Agm nmR> Amho, `mdë$Z H$mhr emoYKoVm òVmo H$m ho VnmgV AgVm "CÌH¦$ð>' hmnmR> H¦$ïUm Jwadm¨Á`m "n¢cVra' dm{fªH$mVnmhmd`mg {_imcm. "kmZoîdarMo AmYw{ZH$H$moeH$ma d OJÞZmW ~miH¦$ïU' `mCnerfªH$mImcr H$mhr {ZdS>H$ eäXm¨Á`mAWm«Mr Vm¢c{ZH$ Zm|X Ho$cr Amho. Ì`mV"docd[a`m' `m eäXmMm AWª BVa g¨nmXH$m¨Zr"docrÁ`m Omú`m' Agm Ho$cm AgyZOJÞZmW ~miH¦$ïU `m¨Zr "OOªa' Agm AWªHo$cm Amho, Agm ònð> ôX {XgyZ òVmo. {deofæhUOo `m eäXmMm "{N>ÞZ{^ÞZ' Agm AWª{ZaÖZ aKwZmW `m¨Zrhr Ho$cm Amho."Y_ªYoZw'Á`m ~m~VrVhr `m XmoKm¨Mr AerMEH$dmŠ`Vm Amho Am{U J. h. Iao `m¨Zr

áH$m{eV Ho$coì`m "eäX_m{cHo$V'hr "hair'Agm AWª Amho. Ago Agco Var AcrH$S>Á`m_amR>rÁ`m H$moeH$mam¨Zr _mÍ `m AWmªMr Zm|XKoVcr Zmhr!' - _hmamðμ> amÂ` gm{hÌ`g¨òH¦$Vr _¨S>imZo áH$m{eV Ho$coì`m "_amR>reäXH$moem'V `mMr Zm|X Ho$cr Amho.

EH$moU{dgmí`m eVH$mÁ`m CÏmamYmªV Am{U{dgmí`m eVH$mÁ`m nydmªYmªV kmZoîdarÁ`mH$moeaMZoMo Pmcoco á`ÌZhr _hÏdmMo AmhoV.Ì`mV JmoŸioH$a, JUnV H¦$ïUmOr(XodòWir), _mS>JmdH$a `m¨Á`m J¬¨Wm¨Mmg_mdoe H$amdm cmJoc. `mhr J¬¨Wm¨Mm Cn`moJAcrH$S>Á`m H$moeH$mam¨Zr Ho$cocm {XgyZ òVZmhr. "kmZoîdar n[a^mfm nwUo òWo amdOrlrYa JmoŸioH$a `m¨Zr Vm[aI 28 gàQ>|~a g.1890 Amd¦[Ïm 2 ar.' áH$m{eV Ho$cr. Amo.16.329 Y_ª YoZy-hair_Ý`| Aer gàVæ`ÞVZm|X áòVwV H$moemV AmT>iVo. _mS>JmdH$aòdV: H$moe V`ma H$ë$ eH$co ZmhrV. Ì`m¨ZrH$mT>coì`m Q>mMUm¨dë$Z nahòVo hm H$moeÌ`m¨Zr H$adyZ KoVcm, Aer ònð> H$~wcráòVmdZoV {Xcr Amho. Varhr am. J. hf} `m¨ZrAmnì`m "kmZoîdar n{hcm AÝ`m`m'Á`máòVmdZoV dmL³>_`Mm¢`mªMm AáÌ`j AmamonHo$cm Amho.

1950 Z¨Va áH$m{eV Pmcoì`m{edmOramd ^mdo Am{U doqcJH$a `m¨Á`mH$moem¨g¨~Ÿr {ddoMZ H$aË`mnyduAWª{ZïnÏmrÁ`m Òð>rZo _hÏdmÁ`m Agcoì`mXmoZ J¬¨Wm¨{df`r g¨jonmZo _m{hVr KoD$ `m."eäX_m{cH$m : kmZoîdar'darc coImV J.h. Iao `m¨Zr "kmZoœarV H$mZS>r eäX AmcoAmhoV `m{df`r _VôX Zmhr,' ho ònð> Ho$co.kmZoîdarVrc H$mZS>r eäXm¨da H$mhr {dÜmZAå`mgH$m¨Mo coIhr á{gÖ Pmco AmhoV; na¨VwkmZoîdarÁ`m AmYmao "kmZoîdaH$mcrZ _amR>r^mfoda H$ÞZS>Mm á^md' hm a¨. em. cmoH$mnwa`m¨Mm J¬¨W eäXm¨Á`m AWª{ZYmªaUmÁ`m Òð>rZo_hÏdmMm _mZmdm cmJoc. "H$miwJm', "Xoer'B. AZoH$ eäXm¨Á`m g¨X^mªV Ì`m¨Zr Ho$cocrMMmª CX³~moYH$ Amho. AgmM EH$ á`ÌZ Am.am. ZmS>H$Uu `m¨Zr "kmZoîdarVrc eäXm¨MmH$m|H$Ur ~mocrV emoY' KoD$Z Ho$cm Amho.H$moH$Ur ^m{fH$ coIH$mÁ`m _amR>r coIZmVrc"X¢Ì` AZw^dr A_amdVr' ho CXmhaU XoD$Z"AZw^dUo' æhUOo Cn^moJ KoUo Agm AWmªMmZdm Am`m_ Vo XmIdyZ XoVmV. H$moH$Ur_Ýò"Q>mir' æhUOo PmS>mMr \$m¨Xr. Ì`m_wio"Q>m{iò H$mdim gmnS>o' `m MaUmMm {Z{ýVAWª~moY hmoVmo. "hmVmÁ`m Q>mirV' Agmhr AWªH$mhr g¨nmXH$m¨Zr Ho$cm Amho.

kmZoîdarVrc Amoí`m¨Mm Ame` ònð>H$aË`mÁ`m Òð>rZo AWª{ddaUmÌ_H$ {Xcoì`m{Q>nm H$moeg¨nmXZmgmR>r Iyn _hÏdmÁ`mAgVmV. Ì`mÒð>rZo J. H¦$. AmJmeo Am{U

"kmZoîdarÁ`m Aå`mgmgmR>rAn[ahm`ª EH$ á_wI coIr gmYZámâ íhmdo,' `m ^y{_Hoo$VyZ {gÖHo$cocm {edmOramd ^mdo `m¨Mm"lr kmZoîdar eäXmWªH$moe' hmgdmªWmªZo AmXeª dòVwnmR> R>amdmAgmM Amho. H$moe ho EH$ ZdogOªZ AgVo, `mMm gmjmÌH$maKS>mdm Agm hm H$moe. ákm,á{V^m Am{U ágmX ho VrZhrEH$dQ>coì`m {edmOramd ^mdo`m¨Á`m namH¬$_mg _amR>rH$moeJUZoV "AZm{_H$m gmWªdVr~^yd' Ago æhUUo dmòVdmcmYë$Z hmoBªc. `mM H$moemV"í`wÌnÏmr' Mm g_mdoe Amho. "B¨'gmaIm EH$mjar eäX kmZoîdarVXmoZ áH$mam¨Zr CnpòWV Amho;H$maU EH$ "B¨' hm "BX_'nmgyZAm{U Xwgam "B¨' hm "A{n'nmgyZ! n{hcm gdªZm_, Va Xwgam"Aí``'. "kmZoîdarV "O|' hmeäXhr gdªZm_ Am{U Aí`` `mXmoZ áH$mam¨V _moS>Vmo, ho _mÍAZdYmZmZo Ì`m¨Zr ZmöXco Zmhr."O|' nXmMm dmna kmZoîdarVH$m`ªH$maU^md Xeª{dË`mgmR>r_mCctZr AZoH$ Amoí`m¨VyZ Ho$cmAmho.'

- òdm_r gÌ`XodmZ¨XgaòdVr,lr kmZoîdar áòVmdZm.

54 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

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AZdYmZmZo H$m` hmoD$ eH$Vo, `mMo CÏm_CXmhaU Amho, Vo "kmZoîdarMo eäX^m¨S>ma'J¬¨WmÁ`m nwaòH$mamV. AZdYmZmZo H$mhr Zmo¨Xrnmhmd`mÁ`m amh�Z Joì`m_wio, ^mdo `m¨Á`mH$moemg¨~Ÿr "kmZoîdarMm òdV¨Í Agm H$moeV`ma H$aË`mMr n{hcr H$ìnZm am. {edmOramd^mdo `m¨Mr Amho.' Ag¨ {ch�Z {á`moiH$aæhUVmV, "Ama¨^rÁ`m "XmoZ eäXm¨V' Ì`m¨Mo~Ÿy AmMm`ª {dZmo~m ^mdo "kmZoîdarVrc`ƒ`mdV, eäXm¨Mo AWª XoUmam hm H$moe' AgoÌ`mMo Oo dUªZ H$aVmV, Vo `WmWª æhUdVZmhr. H$mhr gmono eäX Ì`m¨Zr dJicoco{XgVmV. CXm. Vmo-Vr-Vo.' áòVmdZoV ònð>Ho$cocr qcJa{hV {deofU nÖVr òdrH$macrAgì`m_wio "Vmo-Vr-V|'Mr Zm|X "Vo' `meäXmZo Ho$cr Amho.

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Agcoì`m 143 Amoí`m \$»$ Xwgé`mn[a{eð>mV {Xì`m AmhoV, hr _`mªXmhr cjmVKoVcr nm{hOo.

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g¨nmXH$m¨Zr AZwdmXmV hmM AWªAmì`m_wio Ago KS>co Agmdo.)

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Mc^mf : 9850750624rr

55’o$~¬wdmar 2013

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Zmhs Va nwTo> æhUVmo, hm áH$me amhsbOJË`mdaVs Am[U _aË`mdaVsgwÖm.

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Amnì`m Am`wï`mÁ`m AIoaÁ`m ndmªVHw$gw_mJ¬Om¨Mm _madm hm H$[dVmg¨J¬h Ambm.[dgmí`m eVH$mÁ`m AIoarg Hw$gw_mJ¬OAZ¨VmV [dbsZ Pmbo. EH$[dgmí`m eVH$mMsgwêdmV AmnU nmhUma Zmhs Ago Ì`m¨Á`m~mobË`mVyZ dma¨dma í`»$ hmoV Ago. EImXsemôs` g¨JsVmMs _¢\$b eodQ>mda `mds,Amnì`m AZmo¼`m H$[dVm¨_YyZ Ag¨¼`òdàZm¨_YyZ EH$m ^md[düdmMs [Z[_ªVs_mohdyZ Q>mH$ì`mda, AmVm Vw_Á`m ~amo~arMmghdmg nyUª[dam_mH$So> [ZKmbobm Amho. nUOmVm OmVm Oo gmR>bo hmoVo Vo â^ë$Z[Xì`mda [ZamonmMo æhUyZ H$mhs gm¨JUo hmoVo,Vo _madmVyZ Amnì`m ôQ>sbm Ambo Amho.OmVm OmVm JmBªZ _s, JmVm JmVm OmBªZ

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56 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

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OJË`mÁ`m `m emnmgmR>sC:emn Amho _aUmMm /H$mimoImVsb aòÌ`mdaVs COoS>OiÌ`m gaUmMm.

_madmMs _¢\$b hiyhiyeodQ>mH$So> gaH$V AgVo. hs _¢\$b O_bs H$mO_bs Zmhs Ì`m~Õb IoX dm I¨V Ì`m¨ZmdmQo>Zmgm Pmbm Amho, æhUyZ Vo æhUVmVgyÍmdmMyZ gabs _¢\$b [Xdohs [dPbog^mKamVsb A¨V Zgboì`m ùm ádmgmV H$dsgVV H$mhsVar emo[YV hmoVm. Hw$Ro>Var ImobVimes gÏd emoYË`mMm hm IQ>mQ>mon hmoVmAm[U eodQ>s H$m` H$ibo AmVm d¦Wm emoY hm_¦JOimV `m \$gbmo Amho, `mM nmàrdaVsAmVm n[bVs [dPdyZ ~¢gbmo Amho. OJË`mbmOI_ g_OUmam hm _hmH$ds Amnì`maMZoVyZ amo_m¨M Cô H$aVmo Am[U _J H$[dVmòVo.

am¢Ñ ^sfU ênmV _mPm nmR>bmJ H$aUmarAmdmOm[dZm AmH¬$moeUmar JmoR>boì`m ZoÍm¨Ms/ [Maboì`m JmÍm¨Ms a»$mÁ`m aofm gJú`m[Mam¨da [ngmabobo Ho$g / [nMboì`m [eamdahs OI_ _mPsM /nU AmVm ò_aV Zmhs _sHo$bobs H$s Pmbobs.

H$dsMs g¨doXZm BVH$s áIa Amho H$s hsOI_ Ì`mZo òdV:M gwÖm Ho$bs Agob.Am`wï`mÁ`m dmid¨Q>mVyZ MmbVm¨Zm eodQ> Hw$Ro>hmoUma Amho.

AmVm MmbVmZm OmUdV¨ dmid¨Q>mbmhsAgV¨ daXmZ EH$m Abm¢H$sH$mM Ag¨[X¾YA\$mQ>nUmM¨. òWo _sM [Z_mªVm _mÃ`maòÌ`mMm, nmdb¨ nS>Vsb Vmo _mJª Am[UWm¨~Vsb Vo _¨Prb. _madm AmVm _¨Psbnmes

Ambm Amho. AmVm _madm [ZKmbm Amho""VoWo"" Ì`m[R>H$mUs. æhUyZM eäXC_Q>VmV...

VwÃ`m MaUm¨Mm VoWoM [aKmdm OoWo Z[dgmdm doXZm¨Zm / VwPs dmQ> OmBªOI_m¨Á`m Jmds AmVm«Á`m Amgds Ñdbobs.

_madm _Ysb AZm[_H$m¨Mo OmUohs hyahyabmdyZ OmVo. Hw$UsVar Vmo OmVmo,

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bobo aòÌ`mbmhs H$ibo Zmhs /A¨H$ Z Jdgo AmYmambm eyÞÀgo Vo ewÞ`M amhs.

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Am[U _J _madmVsb AmXª gmX òVo Ì`mgdªí`mns AmH$membmm.._mÐ`mdaMm Am^mi~m~m gdmb AmVm nwgV

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^mfm[dkmZ d dmL>³_`[dÛm n[a^mfm H$moe^mfm [dkmZ d dmL>³_`[dÛm n[a^mfm

H$moemV gw_mao 3,225 B¨J¬Os nm[a^m[fH$g¨km¨Zm _amR>s n`mª`[Z{îMV H$aË`mV AmboAmhoV. `mV ^mfm[dkmZmÁ`m nm[a^m[fH$g¨km [Z{îMV H$aVmZmdmL>³_`[dÛm (Philology)

d g¨[hVm [M[H$Ìgm(Textual Criticism) `m

joÍm¨Vsb H$mhs nm[a^m[fH$ g¨km¨Mm A¨V^mªdAgbobo dmL>³_`[dÛoMo n[a[eïQ>hs (n[a[eïQ>EH$, gw_mao 360 g¨km) `m H$moemÁ`m eodQ>s[Xbobo Amho. (qH$. 121 ê.)

gm[hÌ` g_sjm n[a^mfm H$moegm[hÌ` g_sjm

n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 2hOma B¨J¬Os g¨km¨Zm_amR>s n`mª` [Z{îMVH$aË`mV Ambo AgyZ, hmH$moe V`ma H$aVmZm `m[df`mVsb [dÛmnsR>s`òVamdarb nm[a^m[fH$

g¨km [dMmamV KoD$Z VgoM g¨X^mªXmIb H|$ÑgaH$maZo V`ma Ho$boì`m eäXg¨J¬hmMmXoIsbdmna H$aË`mV Ambm Amho. (qH$. 10.50 ê.)

H$m`ªX[eªH$m"H$m`ªX[eªH$m' `m nw{òVHo$V X¢Z¨[XZ

H$m`mªb`sZ í`dhmamV [ZXm}f _amR>sMm dmnaH$aË`mgmR>s gdª òVam¨darb A[YH$mé`m¨Zs dH$_ªMmé`m¨Zs hmVmes Ro>dmds Aes hs_mJªXeªH$ nw{òVH$m Amho. Zoh_sÁ`mH$m_H$mOmV Â`m B¨J¬Os eäXm¨Mm, nXZm_m¨Mm,dmŠá`moJm¨Mm [H©$dm dmŠÌ¨S>m¨Mm dma¨dma dmna

H$amdm bmJVmo Ì`m¨Á`m gwb^ _amR>sAZwdmXmgh Ho$bobo EH$ g¨H$bZ, Ago `mnw{òVHo$Mo òdë$n Amho. (qH$. 9 ê.)

emgZ í`dhmamV _amR>samÂ`H$ma^mamÁ`m ^mfoMo òdë$n H$go

Agmdo, `m~m~V nXZm_ H$moe á[gÖPmì`mda Ì`mVsb _amR>s n`mª`mg¨~ŸmVCbQ>gwbQ> á[V[H¬$`m í`ŠV H$aË`mV Amì`mhmoÌ`m. æhUyZ Q>sH$mH$mam¨Mo g_mYmZ hmoBªb,Ì`m¨Zs Cn{òWV Ho$boì`m e¨H$m¨Mo [ZagZ

hmoBªb, Aem nÖVsZo emgZ í`dhmamÁ`m^mfo~m~VMs emôs` d í`mdhm[aH$ ^y[_H$mònïQ> H$aUo Amdî`H$ hmoVo. Ì`mZwgmaEo[Vhm[gH$ nmüdª^y_s, Ì`m_mJsb emôs`^y[_H$m d AmOMm ^maVs` g¨X^ª ònïQ>hmoBªb, Aem arVsZo emgZ í`dhmamVsb_amR>s ^mfoÁ`m òdë$nmg¨~ŸsMo g[dòVa[ddoMZ `m nwòVH$mV H$aË`mV Ambo Amho.(qH$. 35 ê.)

amO^mfm n[aMÀ_amR>s ^m[fH$

H$_ªMmé`m¨Zm _amR>samO^mfoMs Ro>dU, [VMsd¢[eïQ>èo, `m¨Mo ámW[_H$kmZ H$ë$Z XoUo _hÏdmMohmoVo. `mH$[aVm _amR>sá[ejU dJª gwë$ H$aË`mV

Ambo hmoVo. ho á[ejU XoVmZm Â`m AS>MUsAmì`m Ì`m¨Mm ~maH$mBªZo Aå`mg H$ë$ZA_amR>s ^m[fH$m¨Zm Cn`wŠV hmoBªb AemarVsZo "amO^mfm n[aM`' `m nwòVH$mMs aMZmH$aË`mV Ambs Amho. (qH$. 49 ê.)

áemg[ZH$ boIZáemg[ZH$ H$m_H$mO Â`m á_wI nÖVsVyZ

Ho$bo OmVo Ì`mMo _amR>s Z_wZo `m nwòVH$mV[Xbo AmhoV. Z_wÞ`m¨Á`m òdë$nmV [Xbobs_m[hVs _¨Ímb`mÁ`m [H©$dm [d^mJs`H$m`mªb`m¨Á`m \$m`bt_YyZ g¨H$[bV H$aË`mVAmbs Amho. VgoM R>amdrH$ _m`Zo Agbobo[d[dY boIZáH$mahs `mV [Xbobo AmhoV.áemgH$s` boIZ H$go Agmdo Am[U H$goZgmdo `mMo VwbZmÌ_H$ Z_wZoXoIsb `mVg_m[dïQ> Ho$bobo AmhoV. (qH$. 125 ê.)

áemgZ dmŠá`moJáemgZ dmŠá`moJ `m nwòVH$mV

[Za[Zamú`m emgH$s` [d^mJm¨Á`m d Ì`m¨Á`mA¨VJªV Agboì`m H$m`mªb`m¨Á`m X¢Z¨[XZH$m_H$mOmV dmnamV Agbobo B¨J¬OsdmŠá`moJ d eäXg_wƒ` `m¨Mo g¨H$bZH$aË`mV Ambo Amho. `m dmŠá`moJm¨ZmH$m`mªb`sZ í`dhmamV EH$m [d[eïQ> ^m[fH$n[anmR>mMo òdë$n ámâ Pmbo Amho. _amR>sVhs`m dmŠá`moJm¨Ms VesM n[anmR>s R>adyZ XoUo dÌ`m¨Á`m dmnamV EH$ë$nVm AmUUo `mo¾`hmoBªb, `m H$ìnZoZo darb B¨J¬OsdmŠá`moJm¨Mo _amR>s n`mª` ^mfm g„mJma_¨S>imÁ`m gmhmç`mZo [Z{îMV H$ë$Z H$moemÁ`më$nmZo á[gÖ H$aË`mV Ambo AmhoV. (qH$. 60 ê.)

emgZ í`dhma eäXmdbs_yi emgZ í`dhma

H$moe (B¨J¬Os-_amR>s)òdë$nmV AgyZ, emgZí`dhma eäXmdbs(_amR>s-B¨J¬Os) òdë$nmVAmho. `m eäXmdbsVsb

_amR>s g¨km¨Mo dUªboIZ _yi emgZ í`dhmaH$moemVsb dUªboIZmZwgma H$aË`mV AmboAmho. Ì`mMá_mUo _amR>s g¨km¨Mo Zm_ æhUyZAgbobo B¨J¬Os n`mª` [H©$dm [H¬$`mnX dm[deofU æhUyZ Agbobo B¨J¬Os n`mª` Ì`m¨Ms

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òdV¨Í Zm|X KoË`mV Ambobs Zmhs Va,òdìn[dam_ XoD$Z Vo Xeª[dË`mV Ambo AmhoV.(qH$. 105 ê.)

amO^mfm n[aM` (H$m`ªë$n í`mH$aU)emgZ í`dhma OgOgm gdªòneu hmoD$

bmJbm VgVgo _amR>s ^mfoMo OwO~s kmZVmoH$So> nSy> bmJbo. æhUyZ, _hmamïQμ>emgZmZo, Amnì`m godoV Agboì`m A_amR>s^m[fH$ gdª amOn[ÍV A[YH$mé`m¨gmR>s dAamOn[ÍV H$_ªMmé`m¨gmR>s _amR>s ^mfm narjm[d[hV Ho$ì`m. `m narjm¨_Ysb H$m`ªë$ní`mH$aUmÁ`m áîZn[ÍHo$gmR>s `m nwòVH$mMsaMZm H$aË`mV Ambs Amho. (qH$. 49 ê.)

á‘mUboIZ [Z`_mdbsamO^mfm _amR>sMs A{ò_Vm d á[VïR>m

OnË`mgmR>s emgH$s` H$_ªMmé`m¨Zm Ì`m¨Á`mX¢Z¨[XZ H$m_H$mOmV _amR>s ewÖboIZmÁ`m~m~VsV `mo¾` _mJªXeªZ íhmdo `m hoVyZo"ewÖboIZ [Z`_mdbs' hs nw{òVH$m V`maH$aË`mV Ambs Amho. ewÖboIZ hm AmJ¬h ZamhVm Vs gd` Pmbs nm[hOo, Aes Ì`m_mJMs^y[_H$m Amho. _amR>s gm[hÌ` _hm_¨S>imZoV`ma Ho$boì`m _amR>s boIZ[df`H$ [Z`_m¨Zm_hmamïQμ> emgZmZo 1962 `m dfu _mÞ`Vm[Xbs hmoVs. Ì`mV 1972 `m dfu 4 ZdsZ[Z`_m¨Ms â KmbË`mV òD$Z AmYsÁ`m _mÞ`nmdboì`m [Z`_m¨Vsb H$mhs ÍwQ>s Xya H$aË`mVAmì`m. Aem áH$mao, _amR>s gm[hÌ`_hm_¨S>imÁmo 18 [Z`_ g_m[dïQ> Agboì`m"boIZ[df`H$ [Z`_' ùm nw{òVHo$bm _hmamïQμ>emgZmZo _mÞ`Vm [Xbs. (qH$. 6 ê.)

_¨WZbmoH$emhs èòds

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emgZ í`dhma 100% _amR>sVyZ íhmdm`mgmR>s Vs bmoH$m¨Á`m _ZmV êOË`mBVnVgmons, gwQ>gwQ>sV VgoM AWªdmhs Agm`bmhds; VgoM gdªòneu Pmboì`m emgZí`dhmamMs ^mfmhs [VVH$sM gj_ Agmds, `mOm{UdoVyZ [Za[Zamú`m joÍm¨Vsb_mÞ`dam¨Zs [b[hboì`m boIm¨Mo Ho$bobog¨H$bZ Ago "_¨WZ' `m nwòVH$mMo òdë$nAmho. `mV ám. Zaha Hw$ë¨$XH$a, Þ`m`_yVuM¨ÑeoIa Y_mª[YH$mar, S>m±. O`¨V ZmaisH$a,ám. gÌàÖZ gmRo>, S>m±. AemoH$ Ho$iH$a, S>m±.

J¨JmYa nmZVmdUo, ám. ^mbM¨Ñ Zo_mSo>, ám.^m. b. ^moio, ám. M¨ÑH$m¨V nmQ>sb, ls_Vs[dO`m [MQ>Usg, ls. `. e¨. H$m[ZQ>H$a, ls.g. Am. gáo, S>m±. Z. ~. nmQ>sb `m¨gma¼`m[Za[Zamú`m joÍmVsb _mÞ`da boIH$m¨Á`mboIm¨Mm g_mdoe Amho. (qH$. 6 ê.)

nXZm_ H$moenXZm_ H$moe ho ^mfm

g¨MmbZmb`mMo n[hboáH$meZ AgyZ Ì`mÁ`mn[hì`m Amd¦ÏmsVsb ^mJ- 1 _Ýò _¨Ímb`sZ[d^mJ d Ì`m A¨VJªV

H$m`mªb`m¨Vsb VgoM [dYmZ _¨S>i, _hm_¨S>io,Am`moJ d H|$Ñs` _hm_¨S>io `m¨_Ýò [dÛ_mZAgboì`m nXm¨Ms [d^mJ[Zhm` _amR>s ZmdoXoË`mV Ambs AmhoV. ^mJ - 2 _Ýò B¨J¬OsdUmªZwH¬$_mZwgma B¨J¬Os nXZm_o d Ì`mnwTo>_amR>s nXZm_m¨Mm ^mJ - 1 _Ysb n¦ïR> H¬$_m¨H$XoË`mV Ambm hmoVm. na¨Vw, `m nXZm_H$moemVsb _amR>s n`mª` {ŠbïQ> d Xw~m}YdmQ>ì`mZo d nXZm_m¨Ms nwZamd¦ÏmsQ>miË`mgmR>s Xwgar gwYm[aV Amd¦Ïms (1990)áH$m[eV H$aË`mV Ambs. (qH$. 35.50 ê.)

emgZ í`dhma H$moeemgZ í`dhma H$moemV

gw_mao 30 hOma B¨J¬Osnm[a^m[fH$ g¨km¨Mo _amR>s±n`mª` [Z{îMV H$aË`mV AmboAmhoV. nm[a^m[fH$eäXm¨~amo~aM áemgZmV d

AÞ` joÍm¨V Cn`moJs Agboì`m AZoH$gm_mÞ` d n[a[MV B¨J¬Os g¨km¨Zm ë$T> dáM[bV eäXm¨Á`m gmhmç`mZo Zo_Ho$ d AWªdmhs_amR>s n`mª` [Xbo AmhoV. `m H$moemMoAZÞ`gmYmaU d¢[eïQ>è æhUOo, gOmVs` dg_mZmWu eäXm¨Ms Hw$io VgoM áemgZmVsb dH$m`ÛmÁ`m ^mfoÁ`m Zo_Š`m dmnamÁ`m X¦ïQ>sZoAWªÁN>Q>m¨Vsb gyû_ ôX XoË`mV Ambo AmhoV.(qH$. 77 ê.)

[ejUemô n[a^mfm H$moe[ejUemô n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 4

hOma B¨J¬Os nm[a^m[fH$ g¨kmMo _amR>s n`mª`[Z{îMV H$aË`mV Ambo AmhoV. [ejU ho_mV¦^mfoVyZ [Xbo Jobo nm[hOo d Ì`mgmR>s_hmamïQμ>mV [ejUmMo _mÝ`_ _amR>s Agmdo, hoAmVm gdªgm_mÞ` Pmbo Amho. [ejUemôn[a^mfm H$moe ámW[_H$, _mÝ`[_H$, Cƒ_mÝ`[_H$ d [dÛmnsR> òVam¨darb [ejH$ dámÝ`mnH$ VgoM AÝ`mnH$ [dÛmbò,[ejUemô _hm[dÛmbò `m¨_Ysb ámÝ`mnH$d ^mds [ejH$ `m¨Á`m X¦ïQ>sZo AÌ`¨V Cn`moJsd _mJªXeªH$ Amho. (qH$. 9 ê.)

bmoH$áemgZ n[a^mfm H$moebmoH$áemgZ n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 4

hOma B¨J¬Os g¨km¨Zm _amR>s n`mª` [Z{îMVH$aË`mV Ambo AgyZ hm H$moe V`ma H$aVmZmRobbins `m¨Á`m Administrative

Process `m J¬¨WmMm VgoM R. J. S. Baker,

Paul C. PartholomewÁ`m AZwH¬$_oAdministrative theory and Public

administration d An outline of Public

administration `m J¬¨Wm¨Mm, VgoM AÞ`J¬¨Wm¨Mm AmYma KoVbm Amho. (qH$. 9.25 ê.)

^maVmMo g¨[dYmZ^maVmMo g¨[dYmZ `mMs _amR>s ^mfoVsb

n[hbs Amd¦Ïms 1979 _Ý o H$mT>Ë`mV AmbsAm[U doimodois Ì`m_Ý o Pmboì`m gwYmaUm¨Mmg_mdoe H$ë$Z ZdsZ Amd¦Ï`m H$mT>Ë`mVAmboì`m AmhoV; VgoM 1996 _Ý o Mm¢Ð`mAmd¦ÏmsMo nwZ_wªÑU H$aË`mV Ambo Va 2006_Ý o ghmí`m Amd¦ÏmsMo áH$meZ H$aË`mV Ambo.^maVmÁ`m g¨[dYmZmV EHy$U 395 AZwÁNo>XAgyZ, EHy$U 22 ^mJm¨V Ì`m¨Ms _m¨S>UsH$aË`mV Ambs Amho. `m[edm` 12 AZwgyÁ`m`mV OmoS>Ë`mV Amì`m AmhoV. eodQ>s [Xboì`mn[a[eïQ>m¨_Ý o gwYmaUm A[Y[Z`_m¨Mm gmamëXoË`mV Ambm Amho Am[U AIoarg B¨J¬Os-_amR>s eäXgyMs d _amR>s-B¨J¬Os eäXgyMsXoË`mV Ambs Amho. (qH$. 245 ê.) rr

1. g¨MmbH$, emgZ ‘wÑU,boIZgm‘J¬r, áH$meZg¨MmbZmb`, ZoVmOr gw^mf‘mJª, ‘w¨~Bª - 400004. XyaÝdZr : 23631433,23631799.

2. í`dòWmnH$, emgH$s`’$moQ>mo{P¨H$mo ‘wÑUmb` d

J¬¨WmJma, ’$moQ>moqPH$mo ‘wÑUmbÀmdma, Or.nr.Amo.ZOrH$, nwUo - 411001. XyaÝdZr : 26125808.

3. í`dòWmnH$, emgH$s`‘wÑUmb` d J¬¨WmJma, {gpíhbbmBÞg, ZmJnya - 440001.XyaÝdZr : 2562615.

4. ghm`H$ g¨MmbH$, emgH$s`‘wÑUmb`, Am¢a¨Jm~mX -431001. XyaÝdZr … 2331525.5. í`dòWmnH$, emgH$s`‘wÑUmb` d boIZgm‘J¬r^m¨S>ma, Vmam~mBª nmHª$, H$moìhmnya - 416003. XyaÝdZr … 2650395,2650402.

nwòVHo Hw$R>o {‘iVrb?

59

nwUoemgH$s` J¬¨WJma nwË`mV Hw$Ro> Hw$Ro> AmhoV.

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[R>H$mU emgH$s` ’$moQ>mo[P©H$mo J¬¨WmJma,doi XwnmaMo EH$ dmObobo, gJio J¬¨WmJmagdª d`moJQ>mVsb dmMH$m¨Zs ’w$bbobo... Ì`mV`wdH$m¨Mm âUm _Zmbm C^mar XoUmam...AmOMs [nT>s dmMV Zmhs... `mbm H¦$VsVyZ[_imbobo ho CÏma. EH$ `wdH$ _moR>_moRo> J¬¨WMmúVmZm [Xgbm. òWo Amnì`m KamV Am[U_ZmV g¨òH$ma noaUmao AZoH$ J¬¨W Am[UnwòVH¨$ CnbäY AmhoV. Ì`mV VwH$mam_ JmWm,kmZoüdar, ^mdmWª am_mÙ, _amR>s [düdH$moeI¨S>, H$m¢[Q>ì`mMo AWªemô, _hmÌ_m ’w$bo,~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oS>H$a `m¨Á`mdarb I¨S>,_hmamïQμ>mMo [eìnH$ma Ago AZoH$ Xw_rªi J¬¨W`m [R>H$mUs Aìn [H©$_VsV CnbäY AmhoV.

nÏmm … emgH$s` \$moQ>mo[P©H$mo _wÑUmb` dJ¬¨WJma, 5, \$moQ>mo[P©H$mo nW, nwUo -

411001,XyaÝdZs 020- 26125808, 26124759Bª-_ob : [email protected]

~mb^maVs nwË`mVbm goZmnVs ~mnQ> amoS> æhUOo

~mb^maVs Ago á[gÖ Agbobo Zmd. [H$ÌòH$[nT>èm¨Zm BWì`m Ajam¨Zs gmja Ho$b¨.~mb^maVs ’$»$ nmR>ènwòVH$M¨ áH$m[eV H$arVZmhs Va AZoH$ g¨òH$ma KS>[dUmar nwòVH¨$,M[aÍ¨ áH$m[eV H$aVmV. ho H$mhs OUm¨Zm_mhrV Zgob Va Ì`m¨Zs `m [R>H$mUs ôQ> [XbsVa H$iob, Aao ho nwòVH$ Va _mÃ`m Kar_wbm¨gmR>s qH$dm ZmVdmgmR>sM Zího Va_mÃ`mgmR>shs Amdî`H$ Amho. g¨V VwH$S>moOs_hmamOm¨Ms J¬m_JsVm Ho$di ~mam ênò, CXyªeäXH$moe 64 ênò Va ^yJmob òWwbZm_ gyMs49 ênò, ò’y$Vu JsVo 13 ênò, ~mhwbs H$m_15 ênò, _amR>s gwb^ ^maVs 21 ênò Aem[H$_Vs Agbobo bhmZ _wbm¨Á`m g¨òH$ma Am[U_yì` [ejUmV A[Ve` _hÏdmMs ^y[_H$m~OmdUmaro AZoH$ nwòVH¨$ BWo CnbäY AmhoV.

nÏmm … ~mb^maVs J¬¨WmJma : _hmamïQμ> amÂ`nmR>ènwòVH$ {Z[_ªVs Aå`mgH¬$_ d gëmoYZ_¨S>i, ~mb^maVs, go ZmnVs ~mnQ> amoS>, nwUo -411 004, XyaÝdZr- 020/25659465

èXmèd¨Vamd MíhmU áemgZ [dH$mg

á~mo[YZs (èXm) òWsb áH$meZ

[d^mJmVhs _m[hVs A[YH$ma, áemgZmVCn`moJs nS>Umao AmòWmnZm Am[U boIm[df`H$ Zí`m [Z`_m¨Mo doimodois AÛ`mdVHo$bobs A[Ve` Cn`moJs nwòVH¨$,J¬m_[dH$mg, emgZmÁ`m [d[dY `moOZmdarbnwòVH¨$, á[ejU H$m¢eì`mda AmYm[aVnwòVH¨$, Ob í`dòWmnZ AmXs [df`m¨darb_m[hVsnyUª nwòVH¨$ BW¨ CnbäY AmhoV.

nÏmm … áH$me Z [d^mJ, èd¨Vamd MíhmUáemg Z [dH$mg á~mo{YZs (èXm),amÂ`^d Z n[aga, ~mUoa amoS> , nwUo- 411007. XyaÝdZr 020- 25608227/234Bª- _ob [email protected],do~gmBªQ> : www.yashada.org

- `wdamO nmQ>sb

_w¨~Bª_w¨~Bª ho dmMZ g¨òH¦$VsMo H|$Ñ _mZbo OmVo.

nwòVH$doS>èm dmMH$m¨Ms BWo A[O~mV H$_VaVmZmhs. dmMZmMs hm¢g ^mJ[dË`mgmR>snwòVH$m¨Á`m XwH$mZm¨Ms Am[U J¬¨Wmb`mMs EH$gmIisM BWo [Z_mªU Pmbs Amho. AJXsaòÌ`mÁ`m H$So>darb OwÞ`m nwòVH$mÁ`mXwH$mZmnmgyZ Vo dmVmZwHy$bsV _m±bn`«V BWogdªÍ nwòVHo$ [_iVmV. _w¨~BªV emgH$s`J¬¨WmJmamMmhs Mm¨JbmM X~X~m Amho Am[UemgH$s` J¬¨WmJmamV OmD$Z nwòVHo$ [dH$VKoUmé`m¨Ms g¨¼`mhs bjUs` Amho. emgH$s`òVamda [Z[_ªV nwòVH$mMs [dH¬$s H$aUmar VsZ

Omdo J¬Wm¨Á`m Jmdm...

’o$~¬wdmar 2013

emgH$s` òVamda nwòVH$áH$meZ Am{U {dH¬$sMo H$m`ª‘moR>èm á‘mUmda MmbVo. AZoH$XO}Xma J¬¨Wm¨Mr {Z{‘ªVremgZmV’}$ Ho$br OmVo. {deofæhUOo hr nwòVHo$VwbZmÌ‘H$X¦ïQ>èm Aìn {H$‘VrV{‘iVmV. ‘hmamïQμ>mÁ`mdoJdoJú`m ehamVrb emgH$s`J¬¨W {dH¬$s H|$Ñm¨Mm hm AmT>mdm...

60 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

_hÏdmMs [R>H$mUo _w¨~BªV AmhoV. emgH$s`J¬¨WmJma, gm[hÌ` AH$mX_s Am[U Z±eZb~wH$ Qμ>òQ> hs Vs VsZ á_wI [R>H$mUo.

emgH$s` J¬¨WmJma_w¨~Bª nm[hboì`m _mUgmZo _arZ Sμ>mBªíh

nm[hbm Zmhs Ago hmoV Zmhs. `mM _arZSμ>mBªíhbm ZoVmOs gw^mf _mJmªda emgH$s`J¬¨WmJma dgbo Amho. emgH$s` nmVisdë$ZáH$m[eV hmoUmé`m nwòVH$m¨Mm _moR>m I[OZmBWo XS>bm Amho. _hmamïQμ> emgZmÁ`m [dÏm[d^mJ, gm_mÞ` áemgZ [d^mJ, _hmamïQμ>amÂ` gm[hÌ` Am[U g¨òH¦$Vs _¨S>i, [düdH$moe[Z[_ªVs _¨S>i, nwamVÏd d A[^boI, [ejU[d^mJ, Xeª[ZH$m [d^mJ, í`dgm`_mJªXeªZ, OZJUZm H$m`mªb` B. [d[dY[d^mJm¨Ms nwòVHo$, nw{òVH$m BWo CnbäYAmhoV. [edm` _hmamïQμ> emgZmMo A[Y[Z`_d [Z`_ VgoM H|$Ñ emgZmMo _amR>s A[Y[Z`_BWo [_iVmV. AmOKS>sbm `m J¬¨WmJmamVOdinmg 2 hOma áH$meZo [dH¬$sg CnbäYAmhoV. XO}Xma Am[U g¨X^ª_yì` AgUmao J¬¨WVohs _m\$H$ [H©$_VsV ho `m J¬¨WmJmamMod¢[eïQ>è Amho.

nÏmm… emgZ _wÑU, boIZgm_J¬sg¨MmbZmb`, ZoVmOs gw^mf _mJª, _w¨~Bª-400 004. XyaÝdZs : 23631433 /1799

gm[hÌ` AH$mX_s_w¨~Bª òWsb gm[hÌ` AH$mX_sMo H$m`mªb`

XmXa òWo Amho. 1972 gmbs Ì`mMs òWmnZmPmbs. `m H$m`mªb`m_m\ª$V _amR>s, JwOamVs,H$moH$Us d [g©Ys `m Mma ^mfoVsb AH$mX_sMmáH$meZ í`dhma nm[hbm OmVmo. [edm` boIH$ôQ>, n[ag¨dmX, í`m¼`mZo, nwòVH$ _oio `m¨Mo

Am`moOZhs Ho$bo OmVo. _w¨~Bª òWsb [d^mJs`H$m`mªb`m_Ýò AH$mX_sMo nwòVH$ [dH¬$s H|$ÑAmho. `m [R>H$mUs _amR>s~amo~aM BVa ^maVs`^mfm¨_Ysb XO}Xma gm[hÌ` Aìn [H©$_VsVCnbäY hmoVo.

nÏmm … 172, _w¨~Bª _amR>s J¬¨W g¨J¬hmb`_mJª, XmXa, _w¨~Bª-400 014. Xy.H¬$.022-24135744. do~gmBªQ>-http://www.sahitya.akademi.gov.in

Z±eZb ~wH$ Qμ>òQ>Z±eZb ~wH$ Qμ>òQ> hs amòV d dmOds XamV

nwòVHo$ áH$m[eV H$aUmar EH$ g¨òWm Amho.

AmOda g¨òWoZo hOmamo nwòVHo$ [d[dY ^maVs`^mfm¨_YyZ á[gÖ Ho$bs AmhoV. `m_mJo g¨òWoMmCÕoe æhUOo XoemÁ`m ^mdZmÌ_H$ dgm¨òH¦$[VH$ EoŠ`mg hmV^ma bmdUo hmMAgVmo. Zm_d¨V ^maVs` boIH$m¨Á`m b[bVH¦$Vtá_mUoM ^maVm[df`sMs [d[dY áH$maMs_m[hVs XoUmao J¬¨Whs g¨òWoV\}$ á[gÖ hmoVAgVmV. VgoM Aem J¬¨WmÏoarO H$mhsJ¬¨W_mbmhs g¨òWoÜmam áH$m[eV H$aË`mVòVmV. CXm., AmXmZ áXmZ, Zohë$ ~mbnwòVH$mb`, ^maVXoe Am[U bmoH$, amïQμ>sÒsdZM[aÍ _mbm, ^maVs` bmoH$g¨òH¦$Vs d

gm[hÌ`_mbm, VêU-^maVs, bmoH$mon`moJs[dkmZ_mbm, AmOMo [düd BÌ`mXs. `mIoarOg¨òWoZo AmOn`«V AZoH$ [R>H$mUs amïQμ>s`nwòVH$ OÍm â[dì`m AmhoV; Va ^maVmVsb[d[dY amÂ`m¨Vsb [Za[Zamú`m [R>H$mUsámXo[eH$ J¬¨WáXeªZohs â[dbs AmhoV.

nÏmm … Z±eZb ~wH$ Qμ>òQ>, n{hbm ‘Obm,adtÑ ZmQè ‘¨{Xa, á^mXodr, ‘w¨~Bª - 400025. XyaÝdZr … 022-24320380 .

ZmJnya

[Pamo _mBªìg ùm [R>H$mUmbm Ho$diZmJnyaÁ`mM Zmhs Va g¨nyUª ^maVmÁ`m X¦ïQ>sZoEH$ doJio _hÏd Amho. `m [Pamo _mBªìgnmgyZAJXs hmHo$Á`m A¨Vamda nwòVH$áo_sMs dmQ>nmhUmao emgH$s` J¬¨WmJma Amho._hmamïQμ>mVsb 5 J¬¨WmJmam¨n¢H$s EH$.emgZmÁ`m [d[dY [d^mJm¨Zs áH$m[eVHo$bobs nwòVHo$ BWo [_iVmV. `m J¬¨WmJmambmôQ> [Xbs AgVm [VWbo dmVmdaU nmhyZ_hmamïQμ>mMs dmMZg¨òH¦$Vs áJì^ Agì`mMo[Xgbo. BWo dmMH$ _moR>èm á_mUmda òVmV.[Xdgâ bmoH$m¨Ms Mm¨JbsM dXªi AgVo.OwÞ`m Am[U Xw_ui J¬¨Wm¨Ms Iyn _mJUsAgVo. [deofV: S>m±. ~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oS>H$a,_hmÌ_m \w$bo Jm¢adJ¬¨W, [düdH$moemMo gdªI¨S>, _hmamïQμ>mMo [eìnH$ma hs nwòVH$ _m[bH$m`m J¬¨Wm¨Zm _moR>s _mJUs Amho. [edm` _hmamïQμ>ZmJar godm A[Y[Z`_ hs nw{òVH$mA[YH$m[YH$ [dH$bs OmVo. nwòVH$m¨[edm` `m

61’o$~¬wdmar 2013

J¬¨WmJmam_Ýò amïQμ>s` _hmnwë$fm¨Ms N>m`m[MÍoXoIsb CnbäY AmhoV. A[Ve` Aå`mgnyUªAm[U Xw_ui J¬¨Wo Vohs H$_s [H$_VsV hdoAgVsb Va emgH$s` J¬¨WmJma hm CÏm_ n`mªÀmho.

nÏmm : emgH$s` _wÑUmb` d J¬¨WmJma,[g{íhb bmBªZ, ZmJnya. XyaÝdZs : 0712-2562615 / 111

- {H$aU H|$Ño

Am¢a¨Jm~mX

Am¢a¨Jm~mX-n¢R>U aòÌ`mda aoìdoòWmZH$mg_moa CÉ>mU nwbmÁ`m Imbs COí`m~mOybm gwêdmVsg emgH$s` _wÑUmb`mMoAmdma AgyZ Ì`mÁ`mbJV ho J¬¨WmJma Amho.

òWsb J¬¨W [dH¬$s XmbZmV H$aË`mVAmbobs _m¨S>Ushs nwòVH$ áXeªZmgmaIs Amho.emgZ Am[U emgZmes g¨~¨[YV `¨ÍUm¨ZsáH$m[eV Ho$bobs nwòVHo$ òWo [_iVmV.Am¢a¨Jm~mX ho [d^mJs` _w¼`mb`mMo eha.òWo AgUmé`m e¢j[UH$ g¨òWm¨_wio òWo[dÛmÐ`m«Ms g¨¼`m bjUs` Amho. CƒÞ`m`mb`mMo I¨S>nsR>, [d[dY emgH$s`H$m`mªbò AmXs_wio J¬¨WmJmamVyZ hmoUmar[dH¬$s dmT>V Amho.

^maVs` amÂ`KQ>ZoMs AÛ`mdV Amd¦Ïms,[d[dY H$m`Xo Am[U A[Y[Z`_m¨Ms nwòVHo$ òWoCnbäY AmhoV. `m[edm` amÂ` gm[hÌ` Am{Ug¨òH¦$Vs _¨S>i, ^mfm g¨MmbZmb`, Xeª[ZH$m[d^mJ BÌ`mXtMs áH$meZo òWo [_iVmV.

H$dsd`ª Ho$edgwVm¨Á`m OÞ_eVmäXs[Z[_Ïm áH$m[eV H$aË`mV Ambobs Ì`m¨Á`mH$[dVm¨Ms `Wm_yb hòV[b[IV áV, g_J¬ am_JUoe JS>H$ar `m J¬¨Wm¨á_mUoM gm[hÌ`g¨òH¦$Vs _¨S>imZo áH$m[eV Ho$bobs _hmamïQμ>mMo[eìnH$ma _mboVsb nwòVHo$hs òWo [_iVmV.[düdH$moem¨Mo I¨S>, `m H$moem¨Ms gs.S>s., Hw$_ma[düdH$moe, eäXH$moemMo I¨S> òWo [_iVmV.

amÂ` emgZmÁ`m Xeª[ZH$m [d^mJmZo[d[dY [OìùmMo J±PoQ>s`gª á[gÖ Ho$boAmhoV. H$mhs OwZo J±PoQ>s`gª Am[U Zm¨XoS>[OìùmMo Zdo J±PoQ>sà òWo CnbäY Amho.

amÂ` emgZmZo ^maVaÌZ S>m±. ~m~mgmho~Am¨~oS>H$am¨Mo [bImU d ^mfUo á[gÖ Ho$bsAmhoV. `m g¨H$bZmMo [d[dY I¨S> J¬¨WmJmamVCnbäY AgyZ Ì`m¨Zm gVV _mJUs AgVo.

EHy$UM emgZmZo Am[U emgZmes g¨~¨[YV`¨ÍUm¨Zs á[gÖ Ho$bobs nwòVHo$ [_iË`mMo ho

EH$ h_Img [R>H$mU Amho. nÏmm … emgH$s` ‘wÑUmb`, aoìdo

òWmZH$mg‘moa, Am£aJm~mX-n¢R>U aòVm,Am¢a¨Jm~mX, XyaÝdZs - 0240-2331468/2331525.

- amYmH¦$ïU ‘wir

H$moìhmnya

H$moìhmnwamV _Ý`dVu ~gòWmZH$mdaCVaì`mZ¨Va nmobsg _w¼`mb`mH$So> OmË`mÁ`m_mJmªda [nVis JUoe _¨[Xamg_moa ho J¬¨W [dH¬$sH|$Ñ Amho. `m So>nmoV gÝ`m amoO gamgar 3hOma ên`m¨Ms J¬¨W[dH¬$s hmoVo. amoO XsS>eohyZA[YH$ gm[hÌ`áo_s `m So>nmog ôQ> XoVmV.

H$moìhmnya XeªZmgmR>s Amboì`m embo` ghbsAmdOyªZ `m gm[hÌ` _¨[Xamg ôQ> XoVmV.

`m ~wH$ So>nmo_Ýò a±H$da nwòVHo$ _m¨Sy>ZRo>dË`mV Ambs AmhoV. Ì`m_wio hdo Vo nwòVH$nmhyZ Vo [dH$V KoVm òVo. [d[dY áH$maMs 25hOmam¨hyZ nwòVHo$, ghmeohyZ A[YH$ H$m`Xo,_m¢ì`dmZ J¬¨W, AmÌ_M[aÍo, g_J¬ dmL>³_` òWo[dH¬$sgmR>s CnbäY Amho. gÝ`m ^maVs`g¨[dYmZmg áM¨S> _mJUs Amho. Ì`mMs [H©$_VAmH$mamZwgma 130, 245 Am[U 319 ênòAes Amho. "kmZoüdar" hm Y_ªJ¬¨W æhUyZ KarAgmdm Ago dmQ>Umé`m g_mOmg AmVm ^maVs`g¨[dYmZ Am[U B¨[S>`Z [nZb H$moS>hs Amnì`mKar hdm Ago dmQ>Vo hm g_mOmVsb ~XbZ¹$sM KQ>Zodarb lÖm XeªdUmam Amho.J¬¨WmJmamV [düdH$moemMo 1 Vo 17 I¨S> gsS>sÁ`mòdë$nmV CnbäY AmhoV. \$»$ 17 dm I¨S>nwòVH$ òdë$nmV CnbäY Amho. Hw$_ma[düdH$moehs gdbVsV [_iVmo. _hmamïQμ>mVsbgdª [Oìùm¨Ms B¨J¬OsVsb J±PoQ>g³ AmhoV.e¨â ênò [H©$_V Agbobo _hmÌ_m \w$bo `m¨Á`mg_J¬ dmL>³_`mg gdmª[YH$ _mJUs Amho. VesM_mJUs AËUm mD$ gmRo> g_J¬ dmL>³_`mg Amho.

[dYr d Þ`m` [d^mJmZo áH$m[eV Ho$bobo

gdª H$m`Xo CnbäY AmhoV. Ì`m_ÝòB¨J¬OsVsb 350 d _amR>sVsb 300 H$m`XoAmhoV. _hmamïQμ> amÂ` gm[hÌ` Am{U g¨òH¦$Vs_¨S>i, ^mfm g¨MmbZmb`, nwamVÏd [d^mJ,Xeª[ZH$m [d^mJ, _hmÌ_m \w$bo, S>m±.~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oS>H$a, amOfu emhy M[aÍogmYZo áH$meZ g[_Vs, _hmamïQμ> amÂ` _amR>s[düdH$moe [Z[_ªVs _¨S>imV\}$ áH$m[eVgm[hÌ` òWo [dH¬$sgmR>s Ro>dbo OmVo. _hmamïQμ>ZmJar godmeVu AmR> ^mJm¨n¢H$s Mma ^mJCnbäY AmhoV. emgH$s` H$_ªMmé`m¨Zm `mgodmeVu Cn`moJs nS>Umé`m AgVmV. Ì`m_wioÌ`mg _moR>s _mJUs Amho. Xeª[ZH$m [d^mJmZoáH$m[eV Ho$boì`m H$moìhmnya, gm¨Jbs,gmVmam, nwUo, gmobmnya `m [Oìùm¨Vsb

òdmV¨Î`g¢[ZH$m¨Mm 610 nmZm¨Mm M[aÍH$moeCnbäY Amho. `m H$moem_Ýò Ì`mòdmV¨Î`g¢[ZH$m¨Mo Zmd, [ejU, OÞ_, _¦Ì`y,MidisV H$m` Ho$bo d Ì`m¨Zm H$m` [ejmPmbs `mMs BÌ`¨^yV _m[hVs Amho. "Qo>ænbAm±\$ _hmamïQμ>m", "_hmamïQμ> b±ÞS> A±ÞS> BQ>g³>>[nnb" hs B¨J¬OsVsb nwòVHo$hs AmhoV."Xmg~moY", amOfu emhy _hmamOm¨Mo Am_Xmans. ~s. gmiwÏo `m¨Zs g¨nm[XV Ho$bobo M[aÍ,gamo[OZs ~m~a `m¨Zr {b{hboì`m Hw$bX¢dV,lmdU ^mÑnX, gU CÌgd, VgoM "~[hUmB«MsJmUs" AmXs nwòVH$m¨Ms gVV _mJUs AgVo._hmÌ_m \w$bo, S>m±.~m~mgmho~ Am¨~oS>H$a `m¨Á`m[MÍm¨Zmhs áM¨S> _mJUs Amho.

VwæhsgwÖm Ooíhm Ho$íhm H$moìhmnyabm `mbVoíhm _hmbû_sÁ`m XeªZmbm Oë$a Om dVm¨~S>m-nm¨T>am aò`mMmhs Oë$a AmòdmX À`m.na¨Vw EH$Xm `m ~wH$ So>nmoghs [VVŠ`mMAmòWoZo ôQ> Ûm VaM Vw_Ms H$moìhmnya ôQ>H$maUs bmJì`mgmaIs hmoBªb.

nÏmm … emgH$s` ~wH$ So>nmo, [nVis JUoe_¨[Xamg_moa, Vmam~mBª nmHª$, H$moìhmnya.XyaÝdZs : 0231-2650395, 2650402.

- [düdmg nmQ>sbrr

62 ’o$~¬wdmar 2013

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R.N.I.No. 14140/57/Postal Registration No. MH/MR/South - 210/2012-14Posted at Mumbai Patrika Channel Sorting Office, February 2013. Date of Publication : 10th of every Month

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