[email protected]. Rhetorical Purpose Questions Official Guide –

修辞目的题

刘泽宇 [email protected]

Rhetorical Purpose Questions

Official Guide –考生将被考查的能力是理解作者为

什么在文章中某个特别的位置或者以某种特殊的方式陈述一个特别的信息。

–换言之：作者为什么要这么说？

尼玛！我肿么知道！（以下省略 1000 字……）

现代文阅读

真的，一直到现在，我实在再没有吃到那夜似的好豆，——也不再看到那夜似的好戏了。

选自《社戏》

对于文章一句结尾应该怎样理解？ 为什么在前文作者提到社戏看得叫人“

打哈欠”“破口喃喃骂”，那夜的豆，第二天吃起来也是在平常。

• 其实那夜的戏，看得叫人“打哈欠”“破口喃喃骂”，那夜的豆，第二天吃起来也是在平常。所谓“那夜似的好 戏”“那夜似的好豆”，代表了作者对天真烂漫自由有趣的童年美好的回忆，充满一种浪漫的理想色彩，表现 对人生理想境界的渴望和追求。

别鸡动！ 先看看这种题型题干 有什么特点。

The author discusses X in P2 in order to...

Why does the author mention X?

The author uses X as an example of...

Which of the following best describes the relationship between paragraph 2 and paragraph 3

What function does paragraph 3 serve in the organization of the passage as a whole?

第一种情况：修辞目的题会问到相邻两段之间的关系 ~

第二种情况：修辞目的题会问到某一段在这篇文章当中的作用 ~

第三种情况：修辞目的题会问到某一句话在这段当中起什么作用 ~

修辞目的题的几种情况

不同的情况有不同的解决方法 ~我们先来解决就第一种情况。

要想知道相邻两段之间的关系，我们要看这两段离得最近的两句话说的是什么，也就是上一段的段尾，和下一段的段首。

6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between paragraph 2 and paragraph 3?

○ Paragraph 2 puts forward several scientific claims, one of which is rejected in paragraph 3.

○ Paragraph 2 poses several questions, and paragraph 3 offers a possible answer to one of them.

○ Paragraph 2 presents outdated traditional views, while paragraph 3 presents the current scientific conclusions.

○ Paragraph 2 introduces a generalization that is illustrated by specific examples in paragraph 3.

既然问到的是 2 、 3 段的关系，那么我们来看下二段的最后一句话，和三段的第一句话分别说了什么。

Paragraph 2: Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Paragraph 3: One interpretation regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize. Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition. In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

下面我们来看第二种情况

第二种情况：修辞目的题会问到某一段在这篇文章当中的作用 ~

怎么办呢？

针对这种情况我们首先要看被提问的这一段的段首句，然后去看上一段的段首句，两段相结合找出答案。那么为什么要看段首句呢？因为通常情况下段首句为这一段的主旨句。

举个例子 ~

6. What function does paragraph 3 serve in the organization of the passage as a whole? ○It contrasts the development of iron technology in West Asia and West Africa. ○It discusses a non-agricultural contribution to Africa from Asia. ○It introduces evidence that a knowledge of copper working reached Africa and Europe at the same time. ○It compares the rates at which iron technology developed in different parts of Africa.

Paragraph 2: Livestock also came from outside Africa. Cattle were introduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats. Horses were apparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt (1780-1560 B.C.) and then spread across the Sudan to West Africa.……

Paragraph 3: Iron came from West Asia, although its routes of diffusion were somewhat different than those of agriculture. Most of Africa presents a curious case in which societies moved directly from a technology of stone to iron without passing through the intermediate stage of copper or bronze metallurgy, although some early copper-working sites have been found in West Africa……

下面来看一下第三种情况

• 第三种情况：修辞目的题会问到某一句话在这段当中起什么作用 ~

如何是好？

• 首先要看这句话说的是什么，然后看前一句话，如果前一句话搞不定答案，那么就看段首句。

• 9. In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that “A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle”?

• ○To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an everyday example

• ○To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystems can be applied to help understand stability in other situations

• ○To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity

• ○To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems

A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.

以上就是修辞目的题的几种情况，掌握此法便可闯荡江湖无所畏惧了！

So easy ，那里不会点哪里，妈妈再也不用担心我的学习！

练习练习 ~• 5. The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis

and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points?

• ○The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.

• ○Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in hunting game.

• ○There was more game for hunting in the East of the United States than in the West.

• ○Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading companies.

Paragraph 3: The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.

• TPO - The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii• Why does the author mention “a nut”, “a p

each”, and “a cherry”?– To indicate that some seeds are less likely to

survive than others– To point out that many angiosperms can be e

aten– To provide examples of blooming plants– To illustrate the variety of coverings among an

giosperm seeds

Rhetorical Purpose Questions

• One type of seed-bearing plant, the angiosperm, includes all forms of blooming vegetation. In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard–like the shell of a nut–for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry. In some angiosperms the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seed to move to new habitats. They could travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months.

Rhetorical Purpose Questions

• Powering the Industrial Revolution• Which of the following best describes the relation of

paragraph 2 to paragraph 1? Paragraph 2 shows how the problem discussed in

paragraph 1 arose.

Paragraph 2 explains how the problem presented in paragraph 1 came to be solved.

Paragraph 2 provides a more technical discussion of the problem introduced in paragraph 1.

Paragraph 2 shows why the problem discussed in paragraph 1 was especially important to solve.

第一段： and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons. Furthermore, even the most reliable waterpower varied with the seasons and disappeared in a drought. The new age of machinery, in short, could not have been born without a new source of both movable and constant power.

第二段： The source had long been known but not exploited. Early in the eighteenth century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum. This “atmospheric engine,” invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed.