Shell Global Solutions B.V. Liquid Hydrogen – A carbon free complementary to LNG NIKUNJ GUPTA Team & Portfolio Lead – Hydrogen Value Chains Shell Global Solutions B.V.
Shell Global Solutions B.V.
Liquid Hydrogen – A carbon free complementary to LNG
NIKUNJ GUPTA Team & Portfolio Lead – Hydrogen Value Chains
Shell Global Solutions B.V.
UNITED BY TECHNOLOGY. DRIVEN BY IMPACT. ENABLED BY US.
Hydrogen is needed to move energy without carbon
Clean Energy flows
Potentially renewable energy short Shell Global Solutions B.V. 2
UNITED BY TECHNOLOGY. DRIVEN BY IMPACT. ENABLED BY US.
As well to decarbonize “difficult” segments
Heavy Duty Transport Industry Marine
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Global Hydrogen Supply Chains
UNITED BY TECHNOLOGY. DRIVEN BY IMPACT. ENABLED BY US.
Electrolysis
Buildings ▪ Power ▪ Heat
Industry
Coal Gasification +CCS
Gas Reforming +CCS
Bio Reforming (+CCS?)
Aviation & Marine
H2 C
lean
G
reen
&
Mobility ▪ Passenger ▪ Freight
Power
Benefits
▪ Higher efficiency ▪ Higher range than
BeV
▪ Easily blended in gas turbine
▪ No need for CCS at plant
▪ Only real clean solution
▪ Distributed power, limiting grid investments
▪ Clean ▪ Higher
efficiency
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LH2 basic advantage for clean energy transport & storage GH2 @ 700 Bar LH2
1.67 X
- Carbon
LNG (CH4) LH2
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Japan’s benchmark for first commercial scale import Roadmap to $3/kg based on Renewable LH2 imported from Australia
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Cos
t of h
ydro
gen
-D
eliv
ered
/ [
$/k
g]
Hydrogen Cost Reduction Drivers
Δ 6 $/kg
Scale up & Volume Production
Δ 2 $/kg
Technology Development
Toda
y
Targ
et
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Japan’s benchmark for first commercial scale import Roadmap to $3/kg based on NG+CCS LH2 from USGC
7 Production Export Shipping
Today Scale-up Liquefaction Shipping Technology Target Technology
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Indi
cativ
e co
st of
LH
2 de
liver
ed $
/Kg
LH2
Shell Global Solutions B.V. 7
ll Global Solutions B.V.
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What does Scale-up Bring?
8 She
Indi
cativ
e $/
Kg L
H2
UNITED BY TECHNOLOGY. DRIVEN BY IMPACT. ENABLED BY US.
LH2 Scale up : Technology challenges
LNG LH2 (Current)
Safety No major incidents Entirely different molecule, lack of experience
Extreme Cryogenics [New Materials & Equipment] 120K 20K
Boiloff Rate (BOR) [Insulation Technology] <1%/day 6-8X more
Cost of Shipping [>20,000m3 LH2 tank] <$0.2/Kg LH2 Eq > $2/Kg LH2
Affordable Large Scale Liquefaction <$0.4/Kg LH2 eq. > $2/Kg Lh2
[5 -> 500 ton/d] Shell Global Solutions B.V. 9
UNITED BY TECHNOLOGY. DRIVEN BY IMPACT. ENABLED BY US.
LH2 assessed to be higher safety risk than LNG, but
manageable
10 LH2 (areas of uncertainty to be addressed) LNG
Rapid Phase Transition
Pool / jet fire
Explosion
Vessel BLEVE
Emergency Shutdown
Safety distances to buildings, shipping etc
RISK
(Con
sequ
ence
x Li
kelih
ood)
LH2 ALARPRISK
Dispersion from a spill
Rapid Phase Transition
Dispersion from a spill
Pool / jet fire
Explosion
Vessel BLEVE
Spill containment
Emergency Shutdown
Safety distances to
buildings, shipping etc.
(active research)
Spill containment(active research)
LNG ALARPRISK
Manageable risk
Showstoppers
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LH2 Containment Tech Development
40-50X
Large LNG cargo tank: 50000 m3 HySTRA Ship Tank: 1250 m3
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Key Challenges: Cost Boil off Insulation v/s structural strength
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HySTRA JV: pioneering LH2 Shipping
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bal Solutions B.V.
Ar
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HySTRA ASSETS…. IN CONSTRUCTION
Artist
Renditions
Actuals
Shell Glo 13
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Liquefaction Scale-up Tech Development
40 - 100X
Current: 5 tons/day
Needed: 200-500 tons/day
14 Shell Global Solutions B.V.
Key Challenges: Cost Scale-up Insulation, Turbo machinery, HEXs
UNITED BY TECHNOLOGY. DRIVEN BY IMPACT. ENABLED BY US.
◼ Earliest work dates back to 1959
◼ 2000 – Shell Hydrogen business
Recent activities focused on large scale
2011 – 2013 IdealHy consortium. Enabling Economically
viable LH2 technology: 100 tpd LH2
liquefaction capacity with higher energy
efficiency (on paper)
2013 - 2021 – Hystra consortium: Development of the first
liquid hydrogen bulk liquid carrier.
2016 – 2019 Hyper consortium. Large scale low cost
liquefaction (500 tpd) out of Norway. (4 trains
of 125 tpd)
LH2 safety related consortia
Preslhy Pre normative research
Shell Global Solutions B.V. SH2IFT RPT/BLEVE of LH2 containers 1515