Lignin Production and Conversion Technologies Arvind Lali Aruna N, Prathamesh Wadekar, Mallikarjun Patil, Parmeshawar Patil, Nikhil Asodekar; Suveera Bellary DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT) Mumbai, INDIA 400019 [email protected]
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Lignin Production and Conversion Technologies Production and Conversion Technologies Arvind Lali Aruna N, Prathamesh Wadekar, Mallikarjun Patil, Parmeshawar Patil, Nikhil Asodekar;
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Lignin Production and Conversion Technologies
Arvind LaliAruna N, Prathamesh Wadekar, Mallikarjun Patil,
Phenol, Phenolic derivatives and oligomeric aromatic phenols
OH
O
HO OH
O
O
Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons,alkoxy phenol and darivative
OH
C5-C9
SyngasCO,H2, CO2,CH4
Catalysis 1
Catalysis 1
Catalysis 2
Catalysis 2
Catalysis/ Fermentation
GasesChar
GasesChar
Char
+
+
+
Polymers
Fuel
Bulk and FineChemical s
Chemical Depolymerization and Conversion of Lignin
Technology BottlenecksLow conversions in Catalysis Step 1Complex catalysis required in Step 2
1939
Lignin degradation studied in compost environment
1950 –1999
Degradation studied in Trametes
Phanerochaetechrysosporium used as model organism
All peroxidases discovered
Laccase mediator discovered, molecular biology of fungal enzymes studied.
1990 – 2015
Bacterial lignin degradation studied in Nocardia, Pseudomonas and Actinomycetes
Bacterial lignin degraders fall into three categories actinomycetes, α-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria
Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 extensively studied for catabolism of lignin compounds
Pseudomonas putida, Rhodococcus species, Bacillus species, Cupriviadus necatorbeing targeted for genetic manipulation for biotransformation of lignin to chemicals and fuels
Annele Hatakka in Bugg et al. Natural Products Reports, RSC Publishing, 2011, 1871-1960
Bioconversion of Lignin: Past, Present and Future
Microbial Depolymerization of lignin
Microbial Lignin Depolymerization
Enzyme Concoctions
Laccases Peroxidases
Depolymerized Lignin components
Auxiliary Enzymes
Microbial Depolymerization of lignin
Microbial Lignin Depolymerization
Enzyme Concoctions
Laccases Peroxidases
Depolymerized Lignin components
Auxiliary Enzymes
Technology Bottlenecks Re-polymerization of lignin a major issuepH and temperature critical factorsSlow processesGenetic manipulation of fungus tediousIsolated enzymes very expensive (if available)
Part 2Lignin Conversion Technologies
Chemical and Biological
Chemical Conversions of Lignin precursor chemicals obtained from
thermo chemical treatment to lignin
PF ResinsPolyester
BTX,Gasoline range hydrocarbon s
Syngas,Fermentation to Products
CatalysisCatalysis
Designed microbial system to convert lignin derived aliphatic and aromatics into Value added products
Lignin Lignin degrading microbes
AdvantagesNot energy intensiveEco-friendlySelectivity and specificity of end products
Value added chemicals
Biological Conversion of Lignin
D Salavuchua et al. Green Chemistry, RSC Publishing, 2015
Future of Lignin Bioconversion Technologies
Development of Lignin Technologies at
DBT-ICT Centre for Energy BiosciencesMumbai, India
Base Catalyzed Biomass Pretreatment .vs.
Acid/Hydrothermal Pretreatment
BASE - Milder- Ester hydrolysis- Limited glycosidic hydrolysis- Progressive steps
Decomposition temperature of acid lignin was found to be higher than alkali lignins, confirming undesirable condensation in acid pretreatment
DBT-ICT Lignin Technologies
cDilute ammonia Lignin
cMining for Microbes with best utilization and growth profiles
cMetabolic Pathway Engineering and Fermentation technology for Value Adds
cCatalytic Depolymerization
Thank you
DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, IndiaState-of-the-Art Facility with >100 scientistsCollaborations with Australian, UK and German GroupsWorking with major companies in India and WorldSetting up 5 biorefinery demo-plants to go on-stream in 2016Lignin specific collaborations most welcome