Life in Malaysia MPU3313
Measure the output increase in the current year in
comparison to previous year
Physical and non-physical aspect
Education
Utilities
Public Facilities
Healthcare
Security
To provide a peaceful and comfortable life to all citizens through:
PRIMARY SECTOR
Agriculture
Industrial Commodities
Rubber Oil Palm
Cocoa
Food Commodities
Paddy Livestock
Fisheries
Mining and Quarrying
Tin
Petroleum
Natural gas
SECONDARY SECTOR
Manufacturing
Light industries
Food Beverages
Medium industries
Wood products
Heavy industries
Transport Equipment
Construction
Infrastructure
Industrial areas
Residential areas
Town areas
TERTIARY SECTOR (SERVICES SECTOR)
Public Services
Government
Private Services
Transport, Communication
Financial and banking
insurance
Wholesale, retailHotel,
restaurant
Pre-independence
a)Between 1960 – 197b)Between 1970 – 1980c)Between 1980 – 1990d)Between 1990 - present
Post-independence
The study of the economic structural trends of Malaysia can be divided into two times:
Before independence, the economy produced tin and
rubber for the Colonial British industry. Malaya imported consumption goods from Britain.
• Segregation of races interms of:
a) Residential Areasb) Economic Sectorc) Education
• The government introduced anexport-orientated economicstrategy by introducing theInvestment Act 1968.
• Export - oriented industriesencouraged labor intensiveindustries. Small scale industrieswere also introduced such asfood, tobacco.
Government introduced:• Diversification policy to reduce
dependence on rubber and tin.Agriculture diversificationoccurred – new crops and oilpalm. Petroleum and gasextraction activities increased.The import substitution policyaimed at reducing importedconsumption goods.
• Manufacturing industries usedlocal raw material.
• The government launched theheavy industry policy: steel,cement, car and electronicindustries helped furtherdeveloped the manufacturingsector.
• The government is focused onthe secondary and tertiarysectors. In 1996, the MSC wereestablished to help transformMalaysia into a modern state by2020.
After independence…
Main Challenges:
To narrow the differential gap between rural and urban development, and to
eradicate poverty.
To overcome the effects of British’s divide and rule policy.
First Malayan
Plan (1956-1960)
Second Malayan
Plan (1961-1965)
First Malaysia
Plan (1966-1970)
Second Malaysia
Plan (1971-1975)
Third Malaysian
Plan (1976-1980)
Fourth Malaysian
Plan (1981-1985)
Fifth Malaysian
Plan (1986-1990)
Sixth Malaysian
Plan (1991-1995)
Seventh Malaysian
Plan (1996-2000)
Eight Malaysian
Plan (2001-2005)
Ninth Malaysian
Plan (2006-2010)
Tenth Malaysian
Plan (2011-2015)
Eleventh Malaysian
Plan (2016-2020)
New Economic Policy (1970-1990)Second to Fifth Malaysia Plan
National Development Policy (1991-2000)Sixth to Seventh Malaysia Plan
National Vision Policy (2001-2010)Eighth to Ninth Malaysia Plan
New Economic Model (2011-2020)Tenth to Eleventh Malaysia Plan
by Tun Abdul RazakTwo-pronged strategies to achieve
the objective of national unity:
Reduction and eventual eradication of poverty
Restructuring society
Issues - The socioeconomic gap between:
• Bumiputera and non-Bumiputera• Rural areas and Urban areas• Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak
Education Employment
Tackling the issues through:
• Scholarship• Loan• Institutions – Maktab Rendah
Sains MARA, Kolej ProfesionalMARA, Kolej Kemahiran TinggiMARA
• Restructuring the employment pattern• Increasing Participation of Bumiputera
in the modern industrial sector byemploying mainly Bumiputera andoutsourcing to Bumiputera-ownedcompanies
✓The poverty rate decrease from 42.2% in 1970 to17.71% in 1990
✓The mean of monthly household income(Bumiputera) increase from RM172 in 1970 toRM940 in 1990
✓The ownership in corporate sector for Bumiputeraincrease from 2.4% (1970) to 12.5% (1980) and19.3% (1990)
by Tun Mahathir
• Targeted initiative on reducing hardcore poverty andrelatively poverty.
• Focus on employment restructuring and rapiddevelopment of Bumiputera Commerce and IndustrialCommunity.
• Increase the role of the private sector in restructuringobjectives.
• Focus on human resource development.
New policy dimension in NDP:
by Tun Mahathir Objectives:
Achieving a united, progressive and prosperous Malaysian society that
engages in full and fair partnership.
Strategies:
• Eradicating poverty irrespective of race• Restructuring of society• Ensuring a balanced development• The strategies of Vision 2020
by Dato’ Seri NajibAim:
To propel the nation’s economy and put thenation on the path to becoming an advancedcountry with high income by the year 2020.
VISION 2020
1MalaysiaGovernment
Transformation Programme
Economic Transformation
Programme
Tenth Malaysia Plan
by Tun Mahathir Objectives:
Achieving a united, progressive and prosperous Malaysian society that
engages in full and fair partnership.
Strategies:
• Eradicating poverty irrespective of race• Restructuring of society• Ensuring a balanced development• The strategies of Vision 2020
“By the year 2020, Malaysia can be a united nation, with a confident
Malaysian society, infused by strong moral and ethical values, living
in a society that is democratic, liberal and tolerant, caring,
economically just and equitable, progressive and prosperous, and in
full possession of an economy that is competitive, dynamic, robust
and resilient” – Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad
The New Economic Policy (1970-1990) in Malaysia: The Economic and Political Perspectives by Khairiah Salwa Mokhtar, Chan Ai Reen and Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh (2013)
Discuss the objectives of the New Economic
Policy.
1. Intro: what NEP is all about
2. The objectives
3. Conclusion: The effectiveness
NEP
• Intro• Formulated and implemented in 1970 for duration of 20 years• By Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia second PM
• Conclusion• The poverty rate decrease from 42.2% in 1970 to 17.71% in
1990• The mean of monthly household income (bumiputera) increase
from RM172 in 1970 to RM940 in 1990• The ownership in corporate sector for bumiputera increase
from 2.4% (1970) to 12.5% (1980) and 19.3% (1990)
To eradicate poverty among all races
• A huge gap between the ethnicity lead to dissatisfaction among them
• The efforts done by government:• Developed the land under FELDA and FELCRA• Improved the public facilities esp in rural areas• Upgrading the citizen’s quality of life through education,
training • Increase the employment opportunities
Restructure the society through economic strategies
• Trying to abolish the divide and rule system
• Efforts done by government: • The development of new city• The encouragement of migration from rural to city• Balancing the employment pattern• Ownership in corporate sector
• Affirmative action can be defined as preferential policies toredress the under-representation of a disadvantagedpopulation group in socially esteemed and economicallyinfluential position. These policies address a specificproblem under-representation of a population group,categorized by race, ethnicity, gender, disability and region.
• Affirmative action – implemented globally with differentpurposes.
• The policy that targeted particular group in which excludingthe minority
• In Malaysia, it officially called as Bumiputera Policy
• Eg NEP, Bumiputera Economic Empowerment
Single: above 21 years old with less than RM2500 income per month
Families with household income between 2501-5000 with kids
Families with household income less than 2500 with kids
The government will replace the Bantuan Sara Hidup (BSH) aid with their living costwith Bantuan Prihatin Rakyat (BPR).
BSH is a cost of living aid that the government established to ensure the wellbeing of Malaysians by aiding the B40 group.
WHO CAN APPLY:
Access free lessons & revision quizzes at the ‘Learning Material’ tab
Nominate students from B40 families at the ‘Help B40 Families’ tab
Apply for free 40GB data at the ‘Get Free Data’ tab
In collaboration with YES and FrogAsia, YTL Foundation is providing free mobile data and online learning materials to all
students registered in Malaysian government schools to learn from home
Aid:
18-20 years old youth or,
Public and Private college students
RM100 will be credited thru following apps: • Touch ‘n go• Boost• Grab Pay
How to apply
WHO CAN APPLY:
Download the apps and verified your IC