Life Cycle Assessment Cradle to Grave Analysis
What is a Life Cycle Assessment?
What is a Life Cycle Assessment?
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)– Life Cycle Analysis– “Cradle to Grave”
• Comprehensive accounting of a products “flows” to and from the environment– Qualitative vs. Quantitative– As simple or as complex as desired
• Uses of LCA– “Greeness” of a product or process– Comparisons of technology– Feasibility
• Value of LCA’s for Scientific Inquiry– Bridges science, individual and corporate
responsibility, planning and thinking, recycling and for some reason students love it…
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)– Life Cycle Analysis– “Cradle to Grave”
• Comprehensive accounting of a products “flows” to and from the environment– Qualitative vs. Quantitative– As simple or as complex as desired
• Uses of LCA– “Greeness” of a product or process– Comparisons of technology– Feasibility
• Value of LCA’s for Scientific Inquiry– Bridges science, individual and corporate
responsibility, planning and thinking, recycling and for some reason students love it…
Environmental Impact throughout Lifecycle
Environmental Impact throughout Lifecycle
• Inputs– Energy
– Raw materials
• Outputs– Emissions to
air
– Emissions to water
– Solid waste
• Health & Safety
• Inputs– Energy
– Raw materials
• Outputs– Emissions to
air
– Emissions to water
– Solid waste
• Health & Safety
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Brineextraction
-
Brinepurification
-
Brineelectrolysis
-
HClproduction
-
brine
H2
NaOH
Cl2
HCl
Natural gasextraction
-
Natural gasprocessing
-natural gas
Crude oilextraction
-
Oilrefining
-crude oil naphtha
Dehydrogenation
-
Catalyticreforming
-
ethylene
propylene
butenespygasH2
butadiene
benzenetoluene
xylenes
p-xylene
p-xyleneseparation
-
pipeline ethylene
pipeline propylene
pentane
Steamreforming
-
Ammoniaproduction
-
Cracking
-
Hydrogenation
-
cyclohexane
syngas
ammonia
H2Methanolproduction
-
Acetic acidproduction
-
methanol
acetic acidchlo
rin
e
ele
ctro
lytic
hyd
rog
en
hyd
rog
en c
hlo
ride
pen
tan
e
tolu
ene
p-x
ylen
e
ben
zen
e
crac
ker
hyd
rog
en
pro
pyl
ene
eth
ylen
e
but
adi
ene
met
hano
l
nat
ura
l gas
carb
on m
ono
xid
e
refo
rme
r hy
dro
gen
am
mo
nia
CO
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Example: Plastics
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Oxidation
-nitric acid
Anilineproduction
-
aniline
Acrylonitrileproduction
-
acrylonitrile
HCNproduction
-HCN
Cumeneproduction
-
Catalyticrearrangement
-
acetone
phenolcumene
ethy
lene
prop
ylen
e
amm
onia
natu
ral g
as
benz
ene
Nitrobenzeneproduction
-
hydr
ogen
Acetone cyanohydrinproduction
-
acetone cyanohydrin
acry
loni
trile
phen
ol
acet
one
acet
one
cyan
ohyd
rin
Ethylbenzeneproduction
-
Styreneproduction
-
Propylene oxideproduction
-
ethylbenzene styrene
propylene oxide
styr
ene
prop
ylen
e ox
ide
Ethylene oxideproduction
-
Ethylene glycolproduction
-
Propylenepolymerisation
-
Oriented filmextrusion
-
Injectionmoulding
-
Polymerisationfor LDPE
-
Blowmoulding
-
Filmextrusion
-
Polymerisationfor LLDPE
-
Polymerisationfor HDPE
-
Pipeextrusion
-
Blowmoulding
-
ethylene
ethylene oxide
ethylene glycol
ethy
lene
oxi
de
ethy
lene
gly
col
PP resinLDPE resin
HDPEresin
LLDPE resin
LDPE bottles
LDPE film
HDPE pipe
HDPE bottles
OPP film
PP mouldings
propylene
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Example: Plastics
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Polymerisationfor EPS
-
Polymerisationfor GPPS
-
Polymerisationfor HIPS
-
Thermoforming
-
EPS
GPPS
HIPS
PS trays
Butadienepolymerisation
-
polybutadiene
styr
ene
butadienepentane
ABS masspolymerisation
-
ABS graftcopolymerproduction
-
ABSpolymerisation
-
Compounding
-SAN
production-
SAN
acrylonitrile
ABS
styrene
Adiponitrileproduction
-
Adipic acidproduction
-
Cyclohexanolproduction
-
Hexamethylenediamine
production-
Nylon 66salt prod’n
-
Nylon 66Production
-
Compounding
-
Hexamethylenediamine
production-
nylon 66 salt
nylon 66
glass filled nylon 66
adipic acid
cyclohexanoladiponitrile
hydrogen acrylonitrile cyclohexane
nitr
ic a
cid
buta
dien
e
natu
ral g
as
amm
onia
glass fibre
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Example: Plastics
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Allyl chlorideproduction
-
Epichlorohydrinproduction
-
Bisphenol-Aproduction
-
Liquid epoxyresin prod’n
-
prop
ylen
e
chlo
rine
acet
one
allyl chloride
epichlorohydrin liquid epoxy resin
bisphenol-A
phen
ol
Phosgeneproduction
-
Polycarbonateproduction
-
carb
on
mon
oxid
e
chlo
rine
phosgene
polycarbonate
On-site steamgeneration
-steam
On-site electricitygeneration
-electricity
met
hano
l
anili
ne
Formaldehydeproduction
-
MDAproduction
-
MDIproduction
-
formaldehye
MDA
MDI
MD
I
tolu
ene
nitr
ic a
cid
hydr
ogen
Dinitrotolueneproduction
-
TDAproduction
-
TDIproduction
-
dinitrotoluene
TDA
TDI
TD
I
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Example: Plastics
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ethy
lene
oxi
de
prop
ylen
e ox
ide
prop
ylen
ePolyol production- (A wide variety
of materials are used - only asmall sample are shown here)
Animal fatproduction
-
Glycerolproduction
-
Saponification
-
Sugarproduction
-
Sucroseproduction
-
glycerol polyols
TD
I
MD
I
pent
ane
Polyurethanerigid foamproduction
Polyurethaneflexible foamproduction
PUR rigid foam
PUR flexible foam
methanolHC
l
Methyl chlorideproduction
-
Chlorosilanesproduction
-
Siliconeproduction
-
Siliconproduction
-
Cokeproduction
-
Coal mining& processing
-
Wood growing& harvesting
Charcoalproduction
-
silicones
Quartzmining
-
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Contact:www.silicones-europe.com
Oxidation
-
Hydrogenation
-
cyclohexane phenol
cyclohexanone
Oximeproduction
-
Caprolactamproduction
-
Nylon 6production
-
Compounding
-oxime
caprolactam
nylon 6
glass filled nylon 6
glass fibre
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Example: Plastics
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styr
ene
buta
dien
e
ethy
lene
acet
ic a
cid
prop
ylen
e
acry
loni
trile
Latexpolymerisation
-
Vinyl acetateproduction
-
Vinyl acetatedispersionproduction
-
Acrylic acidproduction
-
Acrylic acidester
production-
Acrylicdispersionproduction
-
styrene-butadienedispersion
vinyl acetatedispersion
acrylic dispersions
Acrylic acidproduction
-
Contact:www.cefic.be
Contact:www.cefic.be
Contact:www.cefic.be
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Example: Plastics
Impact Assessment
Impact Assessment
• Human health
• Environmental effects
• Depletion of resources
• Human health
• Environmental effects
• Depletion of resources