Liberalism (Report)

7/27/2019 Liberalism (Report)

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Liberalism


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John Locke(17th century) Human Progress


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Liberal assumptions

1) Positive view of human nature

Human reason (Rationality)

2) Conviction that International relation can

be cooperative rather than conflictual

3) Belief in progress


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Liberalism core concern

Happiness and contentment of

individual human beings


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Modern constitutional state

A state that establishes rule of law that

respect life of citizens right, liberty and

property

Constitutional states deal with other

according to mutual norms.


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Liberal Theory in SecurityManagement

1) Collective Security

2) Arm Control


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Sociological Liberalism

International RelationsTransnational Relations


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James Rosenau

TRANSNATIONALISM

- The processes whereby internationalrelations conducted by governments have

been supplemented by relations among

private individuals, groups, and societies

that can and do have important

consequences of the course events.

High degree of transnational ties

Peaceful relations

Mere absence of war

Karl Deustch


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John Burton (1972)

If we map the patterns of communication and

transactions between various groups we will get

a more accurate picture of the world because itwould represent actual patterns of human

behaviour rather than artificial boundaries of

states.

Cobweb Model

-points to a world driven more by

mutually beneficial cooperation than

by antagonistic conflict.-Builds on an earlier liberal idea about

the beneficial effects of cross-cutting

or overlapping group memberships.


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IR is not only a study of relations betweennational governments; IR scholars also studyrelations between private individuals, groupsand societies.

Overlapping interdependent relations betweenpeople are more cooperative than relationsbetween states.

A world with a large number of transnationalnetworks will thus be more peaceful.


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Interdependence Liberalism

It is a strand of liberal international

relations thinking which argues that increased

interdependence between countries reducesthe chance of them engaging in conflict.

Hurting you is hurting me.


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Modernization increases the level and scope ofinterdependence between states. Under

complex interdependence, transnational actors

are increasingly important, military force is less

useful instrument, and welfare not securityisbecoming the primary goal and concern of

states.

This means a world of more cooperativeinternational relations.


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Institutional Liberalism

Institutional Liberals argue that international

institutions make cooperation easier and far

more likely

An international institution is an international

organization such as NATO and the European

Union.

It can also be a set of rules which govern stateaction in particular areas such as aviation or

shipping or simply called regimes.


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Regime Theory

A regime is defined by Krasner as a set of explicit orimplicit principles, norms rules and decision makingprocedures around which actors expectationsconvergence in a given issue-area.

International institutions promote cooperation betweenstates and help to reduce the lack of trust and fear.Cooperation in anarchy is possible without a hegemonbecause there exists a convergence of expectations.

Keohane argue that international regimes can thereforeincrease probability of cooperation


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1. Regimes provide information about the behavior ofothers by monitoring the behavior of members andreporting on compliance.

2. By institutionalizing cooperation, regimes can reduce

the cost of reaching an agreement, regimes increasethe likelihood of future cooperation

3. Regimes generate the expectation of cooperation

among members. By creating the belief that interactionwill continue foe the foreseeable future, regimesincrease the importance of reputation and allow foe theemployment of complex strategies.


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Liberalism (Report)

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