LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS RUSSIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
Dec 30, 2015
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
RUSSIAPART 1: FLOODS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN RUSSIADISASTERS IN RUSSIA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN RUSSIADISASTERS IN RUSSIA
FLOODS
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
WILDFIRES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES
Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters
Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospheric interactions cause:
FLOODS
RUSSIA
Russia, the largest country in the world, and the only one
surrounded by twelve seas and spread out on two continents,
has many communities that are at risk from riverine flooding, flash floods, and floods from
windstorms.
RUSSIA’S RIVERS: AMONG THE IMPORTANT RIVERS OF THE WORLD
RUSSIA’S RIVERS
RUSSIA HAS MANY RIVERS THAT HAVE EXPERIENCED FLOODING
• Russia’s rivers in Europe include: the Volga, the Don, the Kama, the Oka, and the Northern Dvina.
• In Asia, Russia’s rivers include: the Ob, the Irtysh, the Yenisev, the Angara, the Lena, the Amur, the Yana, the Indiqirka, and the Kolyma.
ELEMENTS OF RISK AND DISASTER
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK ELEMENTS OF FLOOD RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK
FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED NORMALLY IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE
• EROSION
• SCOUR
• MUDFLOWS
THE VOLGA, “MOTHER VOLGA,” IS EUROPE’S LONGEST RIVER
FLOOD ON THE VOLGA: APRIL 2012
THE FLOOD HAZARDS
ARE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH
RUSSIA’S COMMUNITIES
A DISASTER CAN HAPPENWHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF A FLOOD INTERACT WITH
RUSSIA’S COMMUNITIES
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help when three continuums: 1) people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,..) intersect at a point in space and time.
Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure will be LOST because they are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.
THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.
FLOODS IN RUSSIAMARCH 2010
SPRING RUNOFF AFTER A HARSH WINTER INCREASES FLOOD RISKS
ACROSS RUSSIA
Prime Minister Vladimir Putin warned that thousands of Russian
towns and villages could be affected by "unusually strong"
spring floods as record snowfall melted after the harshest winter in
years.
Military planes and helicopters were called in to help cope with floods in the basins of the Ob, Angara, Yenisei, Lena and Amur Rivers by carrying out surveillance missions and breaking up ice jams.
2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
JULY 2012
JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
• The 2012 Russian floods occurred in Krasnodar Krai (southwest Russia near the coast of the Black sea as the result of the equivalent of five months of rain (275 mm (10 inches) falling overnight.
JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
• 144 people died during the floods.
• The floods damaged the homes of nearly 13,000 people.
JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD DISASTER
• Approximately 30,000 people were adversely impacted by the floods.
JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD
JULY 2012 FLASH FLOOD
RECORD FLOODING ALONG AMUR RIVER NEAR KHABAROVSK,
RUSSIAAugust 23, 2013
LOCATION MAP
RECORD FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA
The water in the Amur River near
Khabarovsk reached 720 cm (24 ft), exceeding the historic level of 642 cm set during the flood of 1897 over a century ago.
RUSSIA’S AMUR RIVER
PREPARING FOR A RECORD CREST OF THE AMUR RIVER
BUT . . . , THE RAIN AND RUNOFF AFTER A DIMINISHED SUPER
TYPHOON UTOR MADE LANDFALL IN CHINA
EXACERBATED FLOODING IN EASTERN RUSSIA
TYPHOON UTOR: AUGUST 14
IMPACTS IN RUSSIA
• The flooding devastated the homes of more than 31 thousand people, and adversely affected more than 21 million people in various ways.
• More than 15 thousand people were evacuated.
• Economic losses exceeded 3 billion rubles.
HEALTH CARE CONCERNS
• As flooding conditions worsened, unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological conditions developed throughout the area, exacerbating the risk of water-borne diseases.
• The flooding also created an urgent need for safe drinking water.
INUNDATION
WITH ITS MANY RIVERS,RUSSIA’S NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE
WITH ITS MANY RIVERS,RUSSIA’S NEXT FLOOD IS INEVITABLE
• ---SO, DON’T WAIT FOR ANOTHER REMINDER OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BECOMING FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENT.
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE ALTERNATIVE TO A FLOOD DISASTER IS
FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
RUSSIA’S RUSSIA’S COMMINITIESCOMMINITIES
RUSSIA’S RUSSIA’S COMMINITIESCOMMINITIES
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• FLOOD HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
FLOOD RISK FLOOD RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
FLOOD DISASTER FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•FORECASTS/SCENARIOS•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
• PURPOSE
• PROTECTION
• THREAT IDENTIFICATION AND WARNING
• PURPOSE
• PROTECTION
• THREAT IDENTIFICATION AND WARNING
• TECHNIQUE
• WETLANDS, RESERVOIRS, LEVEES, DAMS
• REMOTE SENSING;
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
• TECHNIQUE
• WETLANDS, RESERVOIRS, LEVEES, DAMS
• REMOTE SENSING;
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS TECHNOLOGIES THAT FACILITATE THREAT IDENTI-FICATION FOR SMART COUNTER-MEASURES IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
EXAMPLE OF FLOOD PROTECTION: A DAM
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESS FOR
ALL THE LIKELY FLOOD HAZARDS (E.G., HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
DISASTER RESILIENCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODS
• PURPOSE
• DO NOT BUILD IN THE FLOODPLAIN
• FACILITATE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION
• PURPOSE
• DO NOT BUILD IN THE FLOODPLAIN
• FACILITATE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION
• TECHNIQUE
• URBAN PLANNING
• A FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAMME
• TECHNIQUE
• URBAN PLANNING
• A FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAMME