LEED 2009 applied to a mixed - use building

CADD SEMESTER PROJECTSUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN

Archlauds

Sr. # Name Designation Reg. #

1 Bilal Shahid Khokhar Chief Architect 20

2 Muaaz Bashir Dhudra LEED Engineer 84

3 Muazzam Ali Chief Engineer 45

4 Qasim Umer Manager – HR 96

5 Waleed Liaqat Field Engineer 122

Introduction The objective of the project was to design a green building or renovate an existing building to make it sustainable.

“Green or sustainable building is the practice of creating healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition.” © EPA LEED is a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes and neighborhoods, developed by the USGBC. “LEED 2009 For New Construction And Major Renovations” served as the main reference material for the project

THE BUILDINGDescription and Drawings

DescriptionType of building Mixed-use

Location/site Plot # 35,G-11 Markaz,Shabbir Sharif Rd, Sector

G – 11, Islamabad.

Site Area 1600 sqydNumber of floors 6Number of shops 99Number of offices 35

Number of flats – no dining area

66

Number of flats – dining area

6

Altitude Approx. 1850 ft above sea level

Floor by Floor usage

Basement Commercial

Ground Commercial

1st Commercial

2nd Residential

3rd Residential

4th Residential

Description of areas (by floor)Area Dimension

Basement

Shop11’ x 10’-4”, 11’ x 26’, 11’ x 17’, 8’-9” x 10’-

4”, 8’-9” x 26’

Corridor 8’ wide, 10’ wide

Passage 8’ wide, 7’wide

Ground floor

Shop 11’ x 64’, 11’ x 56’

Passage 6’ wide, 7’wide, 9’wide

1st floor

Office 11’ x 36’

Bath 8'-7" x 5'11“, 5’-7” x 5’-11”

Kitchen 10’ x 8’-3”, 6’x7’, 5’ x 8’-6”

Corridor 8’ wide

2nd , 3rd , 4th

Bed 11’ x 11’-4 ‘

T.V Lounge 11’ x 22’, 11’ x 14’

Bath 8'-7" x 5'11“, 5’-7” x 5’-11”

Kitchen 10’ x 8’-3”, 6’x7’, 5’ x 8’-6”

Dining Room 11’ x 13’

Corridor 8’ wide

Schedule of opening

Description Size

D1 3'-6"X8'

D2 3'-3"X8'

D3 3'X8'

All shop entrances 9'-6"X9'

All Bath doors 2'-6"X7'

All windows in corridors 4'X6'

Front Elevation

Cross-section

Basement (Plan)

Ground Floor Plan (shops)

1st Floor Plan (offices)

2nd , 3rd and 4th Floor Plan (Flats)

Building Site Building constructed in the heart of the G

– 11 sector Islambad i.e. the G-11 Markaz. G-11 Markaz ; hub of commercial activity. Easily accessible by road. At Walking distance to nearby residential

areas (potential clients for shopkeepers) Access to basic infrastructure facilities,

amenities and services Is fairly clean and pollution free. The site is close to a main highway

(Kashmir Highway) Fulfills LEED’s Sustainable Site (SS)

credit 2: Density and Community Connectivity – option 2 criteria. (5 credit points)

SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES

Description and Implementation

Efficient Plumbing FixturesIntent

• Conserving water• reducing water bills

Pertains toWE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction (2-4 credit points)

Technologies / Equipment

• Sensor Taps (infrared)• Low output pressure fixtures (faucets, toilets,

shower heads) • A few examples are shown below.

Calculations

• A water use (pressure) baseline must be determined for the building.

• Fixtures with output pressures lower than the baseline must be installed.

• Online calculator available at zurn.com

Fixture ProductMax. Flow

rate

LEEDBaseline

Price per unit($)

Residential bathroom faucet

(sinks)

Deva Vision Non Concussive Self

Closing Basin Tap - VSN123

1.5 gpm 2.2 gpm 112

Residential Bathroom Shower

head

MOEN Eco Performance Showerhead

1.75 gpm 2.5 gpm 58

Innovation in plan

Storm water Runoff controlIntent

• Reducing storm water run off• Harvesting storm water for non-potable uses

such as toilet flushing• Less stress on other water sources

Pertains toSS Credit 6.1: Storm-water Design - Quantity Control (1 credit point)

Technologies / Equipment

• Vegetation mats (roof) • Flower boxes • Large PVC Water tank for storm water storage

Feature Product DescriptionPrice per

unit($)

Vegetated roof

Sika Sarnafil Green Roof –

Intensive

6 inch of growth medium is provided that can grow a variety of plants.

Fairly high maintenance will be required.

Storm-water retention up to 75 – 80%

25 – 40 per sf

Rain water Storage

PVC rainwater

tank

Tank installed within basement or underground (near Building) to collect storm-water.

The tank will be connected to toilets on the commercial floors of the building via the building’s plumbing system.

variable

Grey Water ReuseIntent

• Recycling grey water for non-potable uses• Reducing stress on other water sources • Reducing water bills

Pertains toWE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies (2 credit points)

Technologies / Equipment

• Small scale recycling system (per bath)Or

• Large scale recycling system for entire building

Feature Product DescriptionPrice per unit

($)

Grey water large scale recycling

Huber smartMBR

• It is an easy to use Membrane Bioreactor system • It can be connected to underground rain water storage

tank, which in turn is connected to toilets in the building.• Control functions are provided by an integrated

programmable logic controller (PLC).• Treatment capacity : 10 – 75 m3 / day

Dependent on certain variables

Grey water small scale recycling

SLOAN AQUS

• Water flowing down wash basin or shower drain is treated• Treated water stored in a 5.5 gallon reservoir.• A centrifugal pump (DC power) pushes water via a

connecting pipe into storage tank of the toilet where it will be used for flushing.

189 - 375

Cool or Green roofIntent

• Reducing heat transfer into the building• Reducing energy bills

Pertains toSS Credit 7.2: Heat Island effect, EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1+(1 – 19) credit points)

Technologies / Equipment

• Vegetation mats (cover 50% or more of roof)• Reflective Coatings

Feature Product DescriptionPrice per unit

($)

Reflective roof coatings

Sikacoat® roof coating(white color recommend

ed)

• It is a water-based acrylic technology that is low in odor and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

• Sikacoat meets the cool roofing requirements of Energy Star®, California Title 24, LEED® and Green Globes® programs.

• It has high solar reflectance.

0.75 – 3 per sqft

Innovation in plan

Efficient Building EnvelopeIntent

• Preventing water ingress ,entry of pollutants, entry of insects and heat transfer

• Reducing energy bills• Maintaining indoor air quality

Pertains to EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1 – 19 credit points)

Technologies / Equipment

• Sealants (doors and windows), Caulks (floors)• Double glazed openable windows• Durable and heat reflecting exterior paints

Feature Product DescriptionPrice per unit

($)

Glazed windows 

WIN-PAKDouble glaze glass

• Consists of two glass sheets separated by an aluminum spacer.

• The spacer contains desiccant granules to absorb moisture.

• can reduce the energy consumption of a building by 30% or more.

Varies according to size of the windows

Durable exterior paint

 ICIDulux Weather shield Sun Reflect(Various Shades)   

• It is a high quality 100% acrylic based emulsion paint.

• It can keep exterior walls upto 5 degrees (Celcius) cooler.

Varies according to required volume

Green RefrigerantsIntent • Use of refrigerants that cause little to no ozone depletion or other environmental damage

Pertains to EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management (2 credit points)

Calculations

• Determination of each HVACR equipment’s ozone depletion (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) for its life cycle

• Using GWP and ODP values to determine the refrigerant impact per ton • The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the

ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) being fixed at an ODP of 1. Refrigerants with ODP near to zero or less than 0 are not considered harmful to the ozone.

• The averaged refrigerant impact per ton for a building should be less than 100 (LEED standard)

Technologies / Equipment

• Any HVACR systems using Ammonia (R717), Carbon dioxide (R744), Hydroflorocarbons (HFCs)(R410a most common), Water (R718)

Refrigerant Companies that offer relevant products Examples of products

Ammonia,, Carbon dioxide,

Water, HFCsCarrier, SolarNext, Toshiba

Residential split systems, Commercial Multi-split systems, Industrial HVAC systems, Chilled

beam systems, Underfloor air distribution systems.

Air Purification and Air Quality Monitoring

Intent• Removing foul odors, dust, pathogens and other contaminants

from the air• Maintaining a high indoor air quality

Pertains toIEQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1credit points)

Technologies /

Equipment

• Automatic Air purifiers (Hall ways, entrances, exits)• Automatic dehumidifiers (offices and flats)

Feature Product DescriptionPrice per unit

($)

Air purifierDr. Weil Single-Room

Air Purifier by Dansk®

4-stage, "ozone free" filtration system removes 99.97% of dust, dander and pollen, smoke and odors

Neutralizes most airborne viruses, bacteria, mold and fungi as small as 0.003 microns

Features a smart sensor technology which allows it to continually monitor and control air quality

The purifier uses a HEPA (high efficiency particulate absorbing) filter

389

DehumidifierTrueDRY DR65 from

Honeywell

Removes up to 65 pints of moisture per day Minimal maintenance required Increased comfort and energy savings Refrigerant Type: R-410A

1066

Innovation in plan

Geothermal SystemIntent

• Using renewable energy for heating • Reducing stress on non-renewable resources• Reducing the building’s energy costs (40 to 60 %)

Pertains toEA Credit 2: On-site Renewable Energy (7 credit points)

Technologies / Equipment

• Horizontally loop (preferred because of low penetration depth)

• Vertical loop• Slinky loop• Pond loop• Radiators

Feature Local companies that offer relevant products and services

Estimated cost($)

Geothermal system

Shan Geothermal Technologies, Blueline Technologies, Tecnasia

International

Depends upon scope of work needed to

implement the technology

Innovation in plan

Material RecyclingIntent

• Reducing construction cost• Conserving natural resources and energy• Conserving landfill space

Pertains to MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse (1 – 2 points)

Implementation

• Using Recycled materials (steel , wood etc.) in construction

• Providing separate containers for different kinds of solid waste (paper, plastics, glass) at waste disposal areas within the building to encourage waste sorting

• Sending any sorted solid waste to local waste management or recycling companies or organizations

Use of recycled materials

• Furniture• Plumbing fixtures• Electrical Fixtures• Beams, columns

Local waste recycling organizations

Waste busters, Ali traders waste management, Environmental Protection Department for recycling

Interior finishes and use of adhesives

Intent

• Maintaining high indoor air quality• Reducing VOC emissions and ultimately reducing environmental

pollution• Reducing VOC related health problems (Eye and throat irritation,

headaches, cancer, liver or kidney damage)

Pertains toIEQ Credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials - Paints and Coatings (1 credit point)

Technologies /

Equipment

• Low VOC interior paints• Low VOC polishes and varnishes• Low VOC glues and adhesives

Feature Product DescriptionPrice per unit

($)

Interior wall finishBerger Breathe Easy

Paints

can be applied on all types of smooth plasters, false ceiling, asbestos sheet, concrete etc.

Available in 3.6 liters and 0.9 liters pack Available in 101 shades

Depends on shade and volume

required

Adhesives/glues

Loctite PL 375 VOC Heavy Duty Construction

Adhesive

It is a versatile premium grade water-based adhesive for demanding construction jobs

It is non-flammable, environmentally friendly, and meets US state and federal VOC limit regulations

Sets in just 20 minutes and cures in 48 hours

4.98

Flooring systems

Intent

• Maintaining high indoor air quality• Reducing VOC emissions and ultimately reducing environmental

pollution• Reducing VOC related health problems (Eye and throat irritation,

headaches, cancer, liver or kidney damage)• Reducing deforestation

Pertains toIEQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials - Flooring systems ( 1 credit points)

Technologies / Equipment

• Bamboo flooring (high growth and renewal rate, insect and water resistant, cheap, hard and dense, low processing and maintenance)

• Ceramic and stone tiles (use of low VOC grouts possible)

Feature Product Description

Bamboo flooringTeragren®

flooring

Has earned FloorScore®-certification, the highest air quality standard in the world

All panels and 1/8" veneer are SCS Indoor Advantage™ Gold certified ( low VOC emissions)

Optimum 5.5® Moso bamboo (matured bamboo) used Available in a variety of textures, shades and designs

Ceramic & stone tiles Available locally at Hadayatsons, Millat Marble, Asia Marble, S. Abdullah etc. Variety of designs available 

Innovation in plan

Low Emissivity Films

Intent

• Maintaining indoor air temperature• Reducing heat transfer without

compromising much on light• Reducing energy costs

Pertains to EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1 – 19 credit points)

Implementation

• Double glazed glass used in the building can be coated with Low E films made from silver or aluminum

• Low E films should be applied to both sheets of a double glazed window

• Low E films cost 0.5$ /sqft to apply • They can remain effective in temperatures

of upto 60 degree Celsius• Reapplication required after 4 years of use

Innovation in plan

Wireless Fire Detection And Alarm System

Intent

• Providing safety against fires • Reducing response time to fires• Reducing energy bills (use of battery powered detectors

and alarms)• Reducing environmental pollution

Technologies /

Equipment

• Wireless (battery powered) Detectors and alarms• Radio linked Alarms (one alarm triggered, others triggered

automatically)• Environment friendly fire extinguishers• Multiple Fire Escape routes ( stairs on both ends of a

building)

Feature Product DescriptionPrice per unit

($)

Smoke detector

and alarm system

Radio-Interlinked Smoke and

Heat Alarms - Ei3100RF Series

• A maximum of 12 alarms can be interconnected• RF range 150 metres (minimum) in free space and up to 30 metres in

buildings• 5 year Warranty

63 - 89

Fire Extinguisher

s

PurafoamTM Fire Extiguisher

• Purafoam™ is readily biodegradable, therefore less harmful to the environment.

• Effective at fighting Class A (solid) and Class B (liquid) fires• Comes in a variety of sizes

90 (large)

Efficient Electrical Fixtures

Intent

• Reducing energy bills• Reducing stress on

energy production• Reducing Environmental

pollution caused by energy production

Technologies /

Equipment

• Low wattage lights (LEDs, Compact fluorescent lights)

• Intensity control switches (brightness)

Usage

• Skylights and other exterior lighting

• Interior lighting

Companies Philips, Energy Focus, Osaka, Metro

FromEartheasy.com

Innovation in plan

ConclusionAnticipated Benefits of Sustainable Features

and Possible Implementation Problems

Concluding StatementsAnticipated Benefits of Sustainable Features

Reduced health problems such as allergic reactions, asthma attacks, headaches etc. (cleaner air)

Reduced electrical bills Reduced water bills Improved safety against fires Lowered maintenance costs of structural

and architectural elements (such as floors) Lowered Carbon – footprint of the building

(Low Global Warming Impact) Increased social contact (Vegetated roofs

can serve as community parks) Conservation of non renewable energy

sources Conservation of landfill space

Possible Implementation Problems

One technology may undermine the function of another e.g. use of certain ceramic tiles clashes with the function of the use of low VOC paints

Unanticipated costs related to implementation e.g. installation of geothermal heating system may cost a lot more than the estimated cost

Use of incompetent personnel for implementation may reduce impact of the features.

Requirement of separate personnel for implementation of each feature may arise