Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

8/13/2019 Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

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PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTION:

EMOTION

E XPRESSION

Wesley G. Moons, Ph.D.

University of California, Davis

Department of Psychology



FACS

! Facial Action Coding System

! F.A.C.S.

! Individual facial muscle actions! “Action units” (AU)

! Code for each AU (58)

! Presence of AU

! Intensity of AU

! A (lowest intensity) to E (highest)

! Specific rules



DEMONSTRATION

! 1! 2! 4! 5! 6! 7! 9! 10

! 12

! 14

! 15

! 17

! 18! 20

! 21

! 22

! 23

! 26





EMOTION DISPLAYS

! Happy

! Smile AU12 (lip smile)! Duchenne smile AU12 (lip smile) + AU6 (crow’s feet)

! Zygomatic major (AU12) & orbicularis oculi (AU6) muscles

! “Genuine/enjoyment” smile







“TRUE” EXPRESSIONS

! Posed vs. Spontaneous

! Stem from different neural basis

! Can’t pose all AUs that we do spontaneously

! Posed expressions tend to be:

! Posed faster

! Jagged (i.e., not smooth)

! Microexpressions

! Emotions “leak”! Brief, uncontrollable

! Can still be VERY visible



“TRUE” EXPRESSIONS

! Duping delight! Pleasure in getting

away with lying

! No actual research onduping delight



FACS LIMITATIONS !

Long training! Over 500 page manual! Certification

! Lengthy coding! Frame by frame coding

! 1 minute video ! 1 hour of coding

! Coding issues! Baseline

! Visibility of face

! Irregularities of face

! Reliability! Botox

! Target-less! Unclear what the emotion trigger is



OTHER EMOTION EXPRESSIONS

! Voice

! Content

! Speech-content filters

! Speech disfluencies

! Touch research

! Evidence for some widely shared perceptions

! Emblematic/symbolic/cultural meanings

! Is handshake gratitude or congratulatory?



A RGUMENTS FOR UNIVERSALITY OF

EXPRESSIONS

! Even isolated tribes recognize emotions at highrates of accuracy

! Zero contact with media or outside world

! Expressions of congenitally blind

! Similar AUs across sightedness & culture

! Cultural differences in emotion “triggers”! Examples: Inuit, Japanese wives



A RGUMENTS A GAINST UNIVERSALITY

! Most emotion recognition research based on posed

faces! Posed faces may be “prototypical” of the expression

! Forced choice responses! “Which emotion out of these?”

! Some evidence suggests limitations on universalexpression recognition! Interpretation of expression by context



E VIDENCE FOR MOTIVATIONAL

INFLUENCES IN RECOGNITION

! Within-group recognition

! Better recognition for “ingroup” members

! Explained motivationally

! Rejection

! Increased recognition of Duchenne vs. non-Duchenne

smile

! Difficult to claim “automatic” and universal



LIE TO ME

! Character Cal Lightman based on Paul Ekman



THE END!

Lecture+4+ +Expressing+Emotion

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