1 Expressing and Experiencing Emotion Module 30. QR code for SG 29 30 31 32 2.

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Expressing and Experiencing

Emotion

Module 30

QR code for SG 29 30 31 32

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Expressed Emotion

Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, and by the intonation of voice. Is this nonverbal language of emotion universal?

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Expressed Emotion People more speedily detect an

angry face than a happy one (Ohman, 2001a)

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Detecting and Computing Emotion

Most people find it difficult to detect deceiving emotions. Even trained professionals like police officers, psychiatrists, judges, and polygraphists

detected deceiving emotions only 54% of the time.

Which of Paul Ekman’s smiles is genuine?

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Link 3:37

6Link Eckman on dateline 12:33

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Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior

Women are much better at discerning nonverbal emotions than men.

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Culture and Emotional Expression

When culturally diverse people were shown basic facial expressions, they did

fairly well at recognizing them (Matsumoto & Ekman, 1989).

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atsumoto, Japanese and

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acial Expression of E

motion

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Culture and Emotional Expression

• Facial expression such as happiness and fear are common throughout the world. (Universal language)

• Americans are more likely than Asians to openly display their feelings by their facial expressions.

• Children’s facial expressions – even those of blind children who have never seen a face– are also universal.

• To effectively manage emotions, people would be best advised to control their facial expressions.

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Emotions are Adaptive

Darwin speculated that our ancestors communicated

with facial expressions in the

absence of language.

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

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The Effects of Facial ExpressionFacial Feedback Hypothesis - If

facial expressions are manipulated, mood is manipulated.

Attaching two golf tees to the face and making their tips touch causes the brow to furrow.

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The Effects of Facial Expressions

• When people

mimicked

expressions of

emotion,

they experienced

those emotions.

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Experienced Emotion

Izard (1977) isolated 10 emotions. Most of

them are present in infancy, except for contempt, shame, and guilt.

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Venting anger through action or fantasy ----achieves an emotional release or “catharsis.”

Opposing Theory-- Expressing anger breeds more anger, and

through reinforcement it is habit-forming.

Catharsis Hypothesis

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HappinessPeople who are

happy perceive the world as being

safer.

They are able to make decisions easily, are more

cooperative, rate job applicants more

favorably, and live healthier, energized, and more satisfied

lives.

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Happiness is...Researchers Have Found ThatHappy People Tend to

Have high self-esteem (in individualistic countries)

Be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable

Have close friendships or a satisfyingmarriage

Have work and leisure that engagetheir skills

Have a meaningful religious faith

Sleep well and exercise

However, Happiness Seems Not MuchRelated to Other Factors, Such as

Age

Gender (women are more often depressed, but also more often joyful)

Education levels

Parenthood (having children or not)

Physical attractiveness

Money

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Dan Gilbert on Happiness

• http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/dan_gilbert_researches_happiness.html

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Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon

When we feel happy we are more willing to help others.

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Subjective Well-BeingSubjective well-being is the self-perceived feeling of happiness or satisfaction with

life. Research on new positive psychology is on the rise.

http://web.fineliving.com

Link Origins of Pleasure 16:17

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Emotional Ups and DownsOur positive moods rise to a maximum within 6-7 hours after waking up. Negative moods stay more

or less the same throughout the day.

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Emotional Ups and Downs

Over the long run, our emotional ups and downs tend to balance.

Courtesy of A

nna Putt

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Wealth and Well-being

Many people in the West believe that if they were wealthier, they would be happier. However, data

suggests that they would only be happy temporarily.

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Does Money Buy Happiness?

Wealth is like health: Its utter

absence can breed misery, yet having it is no guarantee of

happiness.

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Happiness & Satisfaction

Subjective well-being

(happiness + satisfaction) measured in 82 countries shows Puerto

Rico and Mexico (poorer

countries) at the top of the

list.

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Values & Life Satisfaction

Students who value love more than money report higher life

satisfaction.

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Experienced EmotionThe Adaptation-Level Principle: Happiness is Relative to Our Prior Experience

If our current condition increases, we feel an initial surge of pleasure.

We then adapt to this new level of achievement, come to consider it as normal, and require something even better to give us another surge of happiness.

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Relative Deprivation Relative Deprivation

perception that one is worse off compared to their peers.

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EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY(7th Edition in Modules)

David MyersPowerPoint Slides

Aneeq AhmadHenderson State

University

Worth Publishers, © 2008

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