Lecture 2

Carta Organisasi KPM

Basic ConceptBasic concept of organizational structure provide a framework for vertical control & horizontal coordinationof the organization.

These important dimensions include job specialization,departmentalization, chain of command, authority &responsibility, centralization/decentralization, line &staff authority, and span of management.Job SpecializationTo divide the work to be accomplished into specializedtasks & to organize them into distinct units. Exp: division of the school into elementary, middle & high school units;the distinction between administrative & teaching functions;& the variety of position certificates required by the statedepartment of education, including superintendent, principal,supervisor, & various teaching specialties.

The 3 common alternatives to job specialization are jobrotation, job enlargement, & job enrichment.1. Job rotationJob rotation involves systematic moving employees from1 job to another. In school districts, principals can rotatebetween schools every 5 years.

Job enlargement: adds breadth to a job by increasing the no.and variety of activities performed by an employee.

Jon enrichment: adds depth to a job by adding administrativeactivities (decision making, staffing, budgeting, reporting)to an employees responsibility.DepartmentalizationThe organizationwide division of work, permits the organization to realize the benefits of job specialization& to coordinate the activities of the component parts.

School districts may be broadly divided into divisionsof school management, personnel management , and supportive services & humanistic development.

Further subdividing of a division may produce departmentsresponsible for specific subjectsDepartmentalization in schoolThe most common grouping in schools is by function.Offers a no. of advantages people who form similarfunctions work together, each department can be staffedby experts in that functional area.Decision making & coordination are easier, becausedepartment heads need to be familiar with only a relativelynarrow set of skills.Disadvantages: Personnel can develop overly narrow &technical viewpoints that lose sight of the total systemperspective, communication & coordination across departments can be difficult, & conflicts often emergeas each department attempts to protect its own area ofauthority & responsibility.Chain of CommandConcerned with the flow of authority & responsibilitywithin an organization, is associated with 2 underlyingprinciples.Unity of command means that a subordinate is accountableto only 1 person the person from whom he receivesauthority & responsibility.(ii) The scalar principle means that authority & responsibilityshould flow in a direct line vertically from top mg.to the lowest level.It establishes the division of work in the orgn. In hierarchyform.Authority & ResponsibilityAuthority is the right to make decisions & direct the workof others. It is an important concept in organizationalstructure because administrators & other personnel mustbe authorized to carry our jobs to which they are assigned.Authority & resty should be linked; Resty for the executionof work must be accompanied by the authority to accomplish the job.In school district, authority stems from the board of education.This body then delegates to the superintendent of school theauthority necessary to administer the district.Provides the framework for legitimizing organizationalhierarchy & provides the basis for direction & control.Centralization/decentralizationDelegation of authority between a superior & subo is a way of sharing power.

Decentralization Administrators tend to delegate considerable authority & resty, more decision are madeat lower levels in the orgn. Subo possess considerableinfluence in the overall operation of the school.Centralization School administrators retain most of theauthority, depending on subo to implement decisions only.

Centralization & decentralization represent opposite endsof a continuum.Advantages (decentralization)It makes greater use of human resources.

2.Unburdens top-level administrators.

3.Ensures that decisions are made close to the firing lineby personnel with technical knowledge.

Permits more rapid response to external changes.Line & staff authorityLine authority is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subo. an authorityrelationship in a direct line in the chain of command.

Exp: Principals have authority to issue orders to theirsubo(s). The principal can order the assistant principalof instruction to implement a curriculum change, and theassistant principal in turn can order the head department andso on down the chain of command.Staff authorityStaff authority is advisory in nature. The function of personnel in a staff position is to create, develop, collect,& analyze information, which flows to line personnelin the form of advice. Staff personnel do not possessthe legitimate authority to implement this advice.

Exp: Staff is the assistant to in which the person assists the superintendent or other superior in a variety of ways.Exp: The legal counsel who advises the superintendent inlegal matters affecting the schools.Span of managementSpan of mg refers to the no of subo(s) reporting directlyto a supervisor. The most widely used criteria suggestthat spans can be larger at lower levels in an orgn than athigher levels.

Because subo(s) in lower level position typically performmuch more routine activities, subo(s) can be effectivelysupervised at lower levels. In practice, larger spans areoften found at lower levels in orgns. Exp: elementary schools are characterized by very largespans, as many as 50 or more teachers reporting to 1 principal.In such orgns, there is a tendency to assign team leaders within a school

These team leaders (teachers) report to the school principal.They may not be officially legitimized as a layer of administration within the school.

The informal team leader approach permits a principalto expand the no of teachers she can effectively supervise.

At the same time, this unofficial position does not result in another cumbersome layer of administration.Carta Organisasi KPM

Struktur Organisasi KPM6 Jabatan & fungsinyaJabatan Sekolah Pelajaran Prasek, Rendah & MenengahMenguruskan pengajian prasek, rendah & menengah, pendidikan guru, perkembangankurikulum, buku teks & sukan.

2. Jabatan Pendidikan KhasMenguruskan perancangan & penyelidikanpendidikan khas, perkhidmatan pendidikankhas & latihan serta khidmat bantu pendidikan khas.3. Jabatan Pendidikan TeknikalMenguruskan pengajian pengurusan teknik/Vokasional, kurikulum teknik/vokasional, politeknik, perancangan & penyelidikan pendidikan teknik & vokasional & latihan kemajuan staf.

4. Jabatan Pendidikan Islam & MoralMenguruskan Pendidikan Islam & Moral, Dakwah& Kepimpinan serta kurikulum Pendidikan Islam& Moral5. Jabatan Pelajaran SwastaMenguruskan perancangan & penyelidikan Pendidikan swasta. Pendaftaran & piawaian serta penguatkuasaan Institut Pengajian Tinggi Swasta(IPTS).

6. Jabatan Pendidikan Jasmani & Sukan Pada asalnya Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi (telah dikeluarkan) dibtk satu kementerianMenguruskan dasar, pembangunan kewangan &kemasukan pelajar Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT).Akreditasi & kebajikan pelajar luar negeri.Carta Organisasi KPP

Carta Organisasi KPP

Bhg & FungsinyaBhg Perancangan & Penyelidikan PendidikanMerancang dasar-dasar pendidikan negara &menguruskan penyelidikan pendidikan.

2. Bhg Teknologi PendidikanMenguruskan khidmat bantuan teknologi utkmeningkatkan pengajaran guru & pembelajaran murid.

3. Bhg Pembangunan Organisasi&PerkhidmatanMenguruskan perjawatan & perkhidmatan pendidikan Malaysia.4. Bhg Hbgn AtrbangsaMenguruskan hal ehwal pendidikan dgn pertubuhan pendidikan atrbangsa.

5. Bhg Khidmat PengurusanMenguruskan hal ehwal pentadbiran KPM.

6. Bhg KewanganMenguruskan perutkan & pembelajaran KPM.

7. Bhg Pembangunan, Penswastaan & BekalanMenguruskan perancangan pembangunan & bekalan serta program penswastaan kementerian.8. Bhg Sistem MaklumatMenguruskan program pengkomputeran KPM.

9. Bhg BiasiswaMenguruskan perutkan & pembayaran biasiswa KPM.

10. Bhg Dasar & Pengurusan KorporatMenguruskan hal-hal yg berkaitan dgn pelaksanaan dasar & pengurusan korporat.

11. Bhg Audit Sek & Audit DlmMenguruskan pengauditan akaun-akaun SR & Menbantuan kerajaan.12. Institut Aminuddin BakiMenguruskan program latihan dlm perkhidmatankpd pengurus/pentadbir pendidikan.

13. JPNMelaksanakan semua dasar yg dibuat oleh KPMmisalnya KBSR & KBSM.

Agensi & FungsinyaMajlis/Lembaga PeperiksaanMengurus peperiksaan awam.2. Jemaah Nazir Institut PendidikanMemeriksa & menyelia semua institusi pendidikan

3. Majlis Sukan Sek-sek MalaysiaMenguruskan hal ehwal sukan sek

4. Institut Terjemahan NegaraMenguruskan hal ehwal terjemahan KPM

5. Yayasan Tunku Abdul RahmanMenguruskan perutkan & biasiswa yayasan.

6. Perpustakaan NegaraMenguruskan hal ehwal perpustakaan KPM.7. Dewan Bhs & PustakaMenguruskan percetakan buku teks & program pembangunan bhs & sastera serta budaya negara.

8. Institut Teknologi MARA (telah dikeluarkan)Sebuah institut pengajian tinggi utk memenuhi keperluan tenaga profesional negara.

9. Universiti-universiti (telah dikeluarkan)Menyediakan pendidikan tinggi utk pembangunan sumber manusia utk pembangunan negara.JPN: 4 sektor & fungsinyaSektor Pengurusan SekPrasek, Rendah, Menengah, Pendidikan Swasta, Pendaftaran Sek, Guru & Jemaah Pengurus serta Perhubungan, Pendidikan Khas.

2. Sektor Pengurusan AkademikKurikulum KBSR/KBSM, Pendidikan Teknikal,Teknologi Pendidikan, Penilaian & Peperiksaan,Pendidikan Islam.3. Sektor Pengurusan Pembangunan ManusiaKokurikulum, Hal Ehwal Pelajar, Pencegahan Dadah.

4. Sektor Pengurusan Perkhidmatan PendidikanPembangunan Fizikal, Perkhidmatan Perjawatan, Kewangan & Audit serta Pengurusan Maklumat.3 Sektor Di PPD & Fungsinya Sektor Pengurusan SekPenempatan guru & pelajar, penyeliaan & pengesahan.

2. Sektor Pengurusan AkademikPencerapan/penyeliaan P&P, pengelolaan kursus, seminar serta bengkel peningkatan akademik.

3. Sektor Khidmat Sokongan & Pembangunan KemanusiaanPelaksanaan program hal ehwal pelajar, kokurikulum, penyeliaan pengurusan kewangan sek & pembangunan.4 Sektor Di Sek & FungsinyaPentadbiranMenguruskan hal ehwal pentadbiran sek

2. KurikulumMenguruskan pelaksanaan kurikulum & kokurikulum sek.

3. Hal Ehwal MuridMenguruskan hal ehwal murid

4. Penyeliaan Sesi PetangMenguruskan persekan sesi petang.Sistem Pentadbiran PendidikanSistem pendidikan negara ditadbir melalui sistem berpusat.

2. Pengurusan sistem pendidikan merupakan tanggungjawab Kerajaan Persekutuan

3. Aktiviti penggubalan dasar, perancangan pembangunan, penggubalan kurikulum, pentadbiran peperiksaan awam, dan pembiayaan dikelolakan dan diselaraskan pada peringkat pusat.Sistem Pentadbiran Pendidikan4. Peringkat pusat juga melaksanakan dan memantau program pendidikan dengan dibantu oleh pihak pengurusan pada peringkat negeri dan daerah.Agihan Aktiviti Pengurusan Pendidikan Mengikut PeringkatPusat (KPM) Penggubalan dasar dan membuat perancangan makro bagi personel.

2. Peringkat Negeri/Daerah Pengurusan perkhidmatan dan pembangunan personel.

3. Sekolah Pengurusan guru/staf bukan guru, pelajar.Agihan AktivitiJawatankuasa Perancangan Pendidikan (JPP) yang dipengerusikan oleh Menteri Pendidikan adalah peringkat paling tinggi dalam membentuk dan membuat keputusan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan dasar pendidikan. 2. Beberapa jawatankuasa kecil dibentuk bagi menggariskan panduan dasar, menyelaras dan mengawal selia pelaksanaan dasar pendidikan mengikut bidang seperti kurikulum, pembangunan, kewangan, kemasukan, buku teks, biasiswa, pembangunan staf, dan lain-lain.3. Sistem pengurusan KPM pada asasnya mempunyai 4 hierarki iaitu Jabatan/Bahagian pada peringkat pusat, Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri, Pejabat Pendidikan Bahagian/ Daerah, dan sekolah.

4. Pada masa ini terdapat 6 Jabatan merangkumi 32 buah bahagian utama di KPM, 17 buah agensi berkanun termasuk universiti, 27 buah maktab perguruan, 12 buah politeknik, 14 buah JPN, 16 buah PPB (hanya di Sabah & Sarawak) 131 buah PPD, dan 8876 buah sekolah.5. Sekolah rendah dan menengah (kecuali sekolah menengah teknik dan vokasional) ditadbir melalui PPB/PPD.

6. Setiap sekolah rendah diketuai oleh seorang guru besar manakala sekolah menengah diketuai oleh seorang pengetua.

7. Antara tugas utama pengurus sekolah adalah pengurusan kewangan, pelajar, personel, akademik, dan kokurikulum.8. Pengetua/Guru Besar dibantu oleh 3 orang penolong kanan yang diberi tanggungjawab ke atas hal-hal akademik, hal-ehwal murid, dan kokurikulum.

9. Di sekolah menengah Gred A, terdapat 4 ketua bidang yang dilantik secara hakiki untuk membantu dalam hal-hal pelaksanaan kurikulum.Organisasi Kementerian PendidikanKementerian Pembtkan Dasar Pendidikan & Dasar Pelaksanaan.

2. JPNPerancangan/penyelarasan pelaksanaan

3. PPDPenyeliaan/pemantauan pelaksanaan

4. SekProses pelaksanaanTutorial Title 11 Public speakingCode of Ethic in managementCode and Ethic of the Teaching Profesion

Tutorial Title 12Role and Duties of Senior Assistant Student AffairDisciplinary managementManagement of text book loan scheme Students attendance management