Lecture 1 OK

8/8/2019 Lecture 1 OK

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Prof. Jihad Mohamd ALJA'AM 1

Computer Programming Eng. 106

Wednesday September 22, 2010

Objective:Introduction to C++Arithmetic Operators

Input and Output, Variables and Comments

Integer Division and Modulus

Internal Coding of Integer Numbers

Definition 1: A computer program is a step-by-stepdescriptions of the solution to a problem. It is written in

C++ code (i.e., C++ statements).

Definition 2: C++ is a programming language containing

a set ofinstructions called statements. These statements

are understandable by the computer machine.

Definition 3: The computer uses its memory calledRAM

(Random Access Memory), to store the program.

Definition 4: The computer uses its brain calledprocessor(CPU) to perform the C++ statements.

Definition 5: The C++ program has a well definedstructure as follows:1 #include 2 void main()3 {

4 Statements;5 }

This C++ program is written by you using the keyboard.It will be stored into a text file and has a given name like

program1.cpp orProgHello.cpp

The C++ Program

Structure


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Rules of Thumbs

1.Keyboard (Write Program, or Input Program).2.Store Program in Computer Memory (RAM).3.Run Program (PROCESSOR).4.Output Results (SCREEN).5.Storage of Program (HARD DISK C).

#inculde

void main(){

cout


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Computer Components

Keyboard: Input Program

RAM: Primary Storage

Processor: Run Program

Screen: Output Results

Hard Disks: Secondary Storage

The program is stored into the hard diskC through a text

file having a name like:ProgHello.cpp

Permanent

Storage

Temporary

Storage

Hold Program

but needs

Power

Hold Program

With or Without

Power


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The Text File stored into theHard Disk C:ProgHello.cpp

This is a text file that will be stored into the hard disk of

your computer.

You can open the program, update it (Addand

Remove things) and re-save it with the same

name.

You should compile the program in order to

run it. Compile means error-checking.

A compiled program is error-free and can then

be run and produce the results.

#include void main()

{cout


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Some Simple C++ Program

#include void main()

{cout


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#include void main(){cout


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Definition 6: The C++ uses a specific software called

compiler to check the correctness of your program and

convert it to assembly and (0,1)-Language.

Your Program Checking (Compiler) (0,1)-LanguageProgram1.cpp Program1.obj Program1.exe

The compiler issues the list of errors encountered in your

program. They are called syntax error.

The compiler will automatically detect the syntax error

No Syntax error Compiler issues

#include

void main(){cot


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Definition 7: The C++ package contains an IDE

(Integrated Environment) which allows you to write your

program, give it a name, save it into your hard disk,

compile it and run it to see the result.

Definition 8: The computer uses its RAM (internal

memory) to store the program (called the C++ code), the

data and the result.

Random Access Memory

PROGRAM

DATA

RESULT

RAM

Definition 8: The RAM needs power to work and store

the Program. It is called Primary Storage Area.

Definition 9: The computer sends the program to the

hard disk to save it permanently. The hard disk is called

Secondary Storage Area (Permanent Storage).

Processor:

CPU


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RAM (Random Access Memory) STRUCTURE

1 data

2 data

3 data

4 data

5 data

6 data

.

.

.

Addresses are expressed in Hexadecimal(i.e., numbers in base 16).

Every memory location can contain onedata in binary (0,1).

Addresses Location


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C++ Programming Language

This powerful programming language is formed of a

subset of the English language. A set of English words

called keywords orreserved words.

Here are some of these keywords:

cin, cout, if, for, while, main, int,float, double, unsigned, char, switch,

case, void, return, etc.

Every key word has a specific meaning. Whenever we

mistakenly write a keyword, a syntax error is generated.

Example: if we write cot instead of cout, the C++

complier generated a syntax error for the word cot.

The C++ language recognizes the numbers like integer

and real numbers positive and negative.

123, 34.5, -324, -45.6, 342.521, etc

It also recognizes the arithmetic operators:

+, -, /, *, %, etc

In addition, there is a library allowing C++ to recognizethe mathematical functions like:

sin, cos, tan, sqrt, etc


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This is a list of reserved keywords in C++

Keyword Description

and alternative to && operatorand_eq alternative to &= operator

asm insert an assembly instruction

auto(C++0x) automatically detect variable type from initializer

expression (meaningless declare a local variable in pre-C++0x)

bitand alternative to bitwise & operator

bitor alternative to | operator

bool name of builtin boolean type

break break out of a loop

case in switch statement, defines a value label

catch handles exceptions from throwchar name of builtin character type (also 8-bit integer type)

class declare a class

compl alternative to ~ operator

constmodifier for a variable, a pointer to, or a reference to, which states

that the variable cannot be modified

const_cast cast that only allows to strip 'const' or 'volatile' modifiers

continue bypass iterations of a loop

defaultdefault handler in a case statement (in C++0x also force default

implementation of a method)

delete make dynamic memory available (in C++0x also remove a methodthat would be provided by default otherwise)

do begin of a 'do-while' looping construct

double name of a builtin double precision floating-point type

dynamic_castcast a pointer/reference from base (polymorphic) class to derived

class, with runtime error reporting, if cast is not correct

else alternate case for an if statement

enum declare an enumeration type

explicitmake a class's one-argument constructor not allowed to be used for

implicit conversions

export states that the following template declaration will be defined inanother compilation unit

extern

declares an external linkage for a variable (if not initialized, provides

only forwarding declaration for a variable to be declared either later

or in another compilation unit) or (extern C) declares C linkage for

a function

false a constant representing the boolean false value

float name of a single precision floating-point type


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for looping construct

friend grant non-member function access to private data

goto jump to a label (within the same function)

if execute code based on the result of a test

inlinedeclare that a function is to be expanded in place when called (or to

undergo vague linkage, if expanding is not possible)int name of a builtin default integer type

long name of a builtin long integer variable

mutable wipe constness from a class's field, when whole object is const

namespace partition the global namespace by defining a scope

new create an object, allocating memory from dynamic pool

not alternative to ! operator

not_eq alternative to != operator

operator create overloaded operator functions

or alternative to || operator

or_eq alternative to |= operator

private declare private members of a class

protected declare protected members of a class

public declare public members of a class

registerrequest that a variable be implemented by machine's register rather

than on function's stack

reinterpret_castcast between any pointers or any integer with no change, which does

not strip const or volatile modifiers

return return from a function

short declare a short integer variable

signed modify variable type declarations

sizeof return the size of a variable or type

static create permanent storage for a variable

static_castcast that can be done implicitly in reverse, with changing the pointer

for derived class, if required

struct define a new structure

switch execute code based on different possible values for a variable

template create generic functions or classes

this a pointer to the current object inside a class's method

throw throws an exception

true a constant representing the boolean true value

try execute code that can throw an exception

typedef create a new type name from an existing type

typeid describes an object

typename

declare that the identifier next to this word must be always

interpreted as type (and not a variable or function), also declares type

parameter for template


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uniona structure that assigns multiple variables to the same memory

location

unsigned modifier for integer types that makes them only positive range

using import complete or partial namespaces into the current scope

virtual create a function that can be overridden by a derived class

void

name of a builtin void type or declare no return value in functionvolatile warn the compiler about variables that can be modified unexpectedly

wchar_t name of a builtin wide-character type

while begin of 'while' or end of 'do-while' looping constructs

xor alternative to ^ operator

xor_eq alternative to ^= operator


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Arithmetic Operations in C++

Operator Name

+ Addition

Subtract

/ Division

* Multiplication

Example

#include

void main(){cout


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Reading of Data

Statement cin

Read data from the standard input device (Keyboard).

Syntax

cin >> Variable ;

Read data from the standard input device (Keyboard) and

store it atVariable (a location in RAM).

Example

cin >> X ;

Read data from the Keyboardand store it at X (intoRAM, the computer memory);

X can be: integer, float, char,

Exercise-1: Read an integer from thekeyboard and store it at X.

Integers: 45, -102, 342, 25, -12


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Solution// Program done by Fatma// Date: Monday Sep 20, 2010

1 #include

2 void main()3 {4 int X; // X is a number5 cout > X;7 cout X: Read an integer from thekeyboard and store it at X. The usershould type in the integer number and

press the button "Enter".

7: Display two messages X and itsvalue.

8: }: To close the program.

COMMENTS


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#include void main(){

int X; // X is a numbercout


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Prof Jihad Mohamd ALJA'AM 18

Lecture 1 OK

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