Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured.

Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured below

Pancake butter

syrup bacon orange juice

BIOMOLECULESBiological molecules, or biomolecules, are built

by joining atoms through covalent bonds.These smaller units are called monomers.MACROMOLECULES (large molecules)made by polymerization -large compounds

built by joining smaller ones together. 4 key macromolecules, critical for life.carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and

proteins.

CHONPS: The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life

Most biological molecules are made from covalent combinations of six important elements, whose chemical symbols are CHNOPS.

Although more than 25 types of elements can be found in biomolecules, six elements are most common. These are called the CHNOPS elements; the letters stand for the chemical abbreviations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

CARBOHYDRATES 1:2:1 RATIO of Carbon, Hydrogen

and Oxygen. Main source of energy for living things Monomers are glucose, fructose,

and galactose Also has structural purpose for living

things.1. Plant cells have cell walls made of

cellulose2. Animal cells store excess sugars as

glycogen

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates- Glycogen

LIPIDSMade of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen.

NOT soluble in water. store energy part of the cell membrane

Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds

Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between carbons.

Monomers consist of fatty acids plus glycerol

LIPIDS- Cell Membrane

Proteins

PROTEINSComposed of Nitrogen, Carbon,

Hydrogen, and Oxygen.Monomers are called amino acids Control rate of reactions,also

function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells.

Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.

NUCLEIC ACIDSComposed of Hydrogen, Oxygen,

Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus. Monomers are called nucleotides.

Phosphate groupNitrogenous baseSugar

Store and transmit hereditary information.

ex. DNA , RNA

Nucleic Acids