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One significant concept that was effectively used in Tejas programme was the 'National Teams' concept fordevelopment of critical technologies. Examples are: National Control Law (CLAW) team for flight control law designand development; National Wing team for composite wing; and National Flight Test team in respect of criticaldevelopment of flight test technology. National teams were formed by inducting the best available talents in thecountry from different organisations which have metamorphosed into centres of excellence in the respectivedisciplines with platform neutral technology base that can find application in future aerospace programmes of thecountry.Besides,theeffectiveand efficienttechno managementmodelthatwas developedontheTejasprogrammepermitted coordination of a very large number of workcentres spread across the country The result is LCA Tejas,which is one of the world's smallest, lightweight, multi-role, supersonic aircraft, designed to meet the stringentrequirementsofthe IndianAirforceforfrontlinetacticalcombataircraftforthe21stcentury.
The LCA integrates modern design concepts and state-of-the-art technologies such as tailless compound deltaplatform with relaxed static stability fly by wire flight control system and advanced composite materials for
structures. Inaddition openarchitecture avionicswith advancedglasscockpit, hands onthrottleandstick(HOTAS),head-updisplay, activematrixmulti-functiondisplaysandhelmet-mounteddisplayareintegrated.Multimoderadarand electro-optic pod provide advanced sensor capability. The weapon capability includes conventional bombs &rockets, Laser Guided Bombs, close combat and beyond visual range missiles The LCA has an integrated electronicwarfare EW suite. In addition state-of-the-art systems have been developed for hydraulics, fuel, environmental,landinggear brake nosewheel steering,and lifesupport systems
Being a nodal agency for developing indigenous combat aircraft systems for the country's defence needs,Aeronautical Development Agency ADA is continuously involved in developing state-of-the-art aircraft related
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has coordinated the activities of the Tejasprogramme involving various organisations of the Indian Aeronautical Community andsuccessfully designed and developed the Tejas for the Indian Air Force. The Navy version isalso under development. Self-reliance in Defence implies the need to establish indigenoustechnologiesindevelopingmajorplatformliketheTejas.
In this endeavour we have deployed various advanced technologies into the Tejas likeadvanced aerodynamic configuration carbon fibre composites fly-by-wire digital flightcontrol system (FCS), open architecture avionics, etc. Various enabling technologies like
advancedCFDcodes,structuralanalysispackages,systemdesignandevaluationfacility real-timesimulator,andironbirdhavealsobeenemployedindevelopment.
Itis tobe notedthattherewas aconsciouseffortto developthenecessarytechnologiesindigenouslybyADA,
HAL DRDO DG-AQA, CSIR, PSUs private partners, and academic institutions. This has created an aeronauticaltechnology base within the country It is important that the Indian aeronautical professional and studentcommunitybeawareof thegreatstridesmadein thissectorasa result ofthe Tejasprogramme Thisspecial issueof onLCAanditsTechnologiesisanattempttocreatethisawareness.
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technologies. ADA in collaboration with Defence Research and Development Organisation DRDO), DG-ACouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL), other PSUs private partnandacademicinstitutionshasdevelopedmanycriticaltechnologieswhichhavebeenincorporatedintotheLCA
Thisissueof coversthetechnologicalbreakthroughsanddevelopmentsmadebyADAandpartnersfortheLCAprogramme
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Highlyoptimisedwing withappropriatevariationofthickness camberandtwistalongthespan.
Cross sectionalarea distributionalong thelength adjustedfor goodhighspeed characteristics.
LeadingEdgeSlats scheduledathigheranglesofattack forfavourableaerodynamicbehaviour.
Wing shielded bifurcated air intake duct with diverters suitably matched with engine to avoid buzz and tominimisedistortion throughouttheflight envelope
ADA possesses a wide range of CFD codes fordesign and analysis Those used during the initialdesign phase include panel codes boundary layercodes transonic small perturbation codes, and fullpotentialcodes Fordownstreamdesignand detailedanalysis thefollowingcodeswereused:
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for detailed studies of flow around complexaircraftconfigurations.Thecoderunsefficientlyonparallelprocessingsystemswithhundredsofnodes.
Flight testingwas carriedout forvalidating/updatingtheaerodynamicsdatabasethroughsystemidentificationtechniques In addition flight performance was evaluated towards validation/modification of performance modelandcreationofoperatingdatamanual.
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Surface Cp distribution. Cartesian grid.
Structured grid. Unstructured grid.
Flight test for validation.Wind tunnel testing of LCA.
Low observability, also called stealth technology,dealswiththe studyandcontrolof signatureof a weaponplatform to reduce the probability of detection by anenemy It is one of the aspects of the total approach toensure success and survivability of a weapon platformRadar and IR signature play a major role in detection ofaircraft The aircraft shape external protuberances gasdiscontinuities avionics and electro magnetic emissionscontribute to radar cross section RCS) of the aircraft.Similarly, engine exhaust, hot spots, and aerodynamicheating of airframe contribute to IR signature.UncontrolledRCSandIR endangertheabilityoftheaircraftto survive in the modern warfare The minimisation of the
RCS and IR contribution from all these aspects to anacceptable level is one of the design challenges for thedevelopmentof a fighteraircraft.
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