Latin America in the Age of Revolution, Independence, and Imperialism An Anthology
Jan 03, 2016
Latin America in the Age of Revolution, Independence,
and Imperialism
An Anthology
Latin American Revolutions
LA Revolution: Causes
• Anger of laboring class at oppressors– Haiti: Slave Rebellion– Mexico: Grito de Delores (Hidalgo’s mestizo revolution)
• Creole resentment of political power of Peninsulares– South America: Bolivar and San Martin– Mexico: Iturbide
• Republican ideas inspired by American Revolution– South America: Bolivar and San Martin
• Liberal ideas inspired by Enlightenment, French Rev– South America: Bolivar and San Martin
• Tumult caused by the wake of the Napoleonic Wars– Brazil: Dom Pedro
LA Revolution: Events
• Haiti– Toussaint L’Overture– Napoleon’s Failed
Expedition
• Mexico– “Grito de Delores”– Iturbide’s Creole
Revolution
LA Revolution: Events
• Spanish South America– Bolivar and San
Martin
• Brazil– Napoleonic Wars– Dom Pedro
LA Revolution: Effects
• Haiti– 1st and only black slave Republic
• Mexico– Conservative government
• Spanish America– Importance of liberal ideals
• Brazil– Conservative monarchy
• Observation– Haiti is the lone example of major social change - All
other groups preserve the racial caste system
Latin America
Mini-SEPTIC
Social and Economic• Class Divisions
– Creole vs. Mestizo– Urban Elite vs. Gauchos
• Gender Roles– Persistence of Patriarchy– Public Education of women
• Agriculture– Persistence of the hacienda: patron and peonage
• Trade– Development of the export economy
Political
• Conservative v. Liberal– Conservative: Defender of Catholic Church,
military, landed elites, and oligarchy– Liberal: Separation of church and state, educated
urban elite, and republican government
• Centralism v. Federalism– Centralists: Tended to be liberals wanting to
promote reforms or prevent local abuses– Federalists: Tended to be conservatives who
wanted to promote stability by tolerating local control of everything except the military
Political
• Caudillos– Military dictators demonstrate the power of
armies to intervene in Latin American politics
• Economic Imperialism– British domination of Latin American trade– Spanish-American War– Panama Revolution and Canal
Technology, Intellectual, Cultural
• Transportation– Railroads and steamships: the
development of the export economy
• Literature
• Cultural Blending– Music– Football (Soccer to you American dopes)
Case Study: Mexico
Mexico
• “Grito de Delores”– Native and mestizo
revolution
• Iturbide– Creole revolution
Mexico
• Santa Anna– Rise of the Caudillo
• Mexican-American War– U.S. imperialism
Mexico
• Benito Juarez– La Reforma
• French Intervention– Cinco de Mayo
• Porfirio Diaz– “Order and Progress”
Case Study: Brazil
Brazil
• Dom Pedro– Establishment
of conservative monarchy
Brazil• Coffee Boom
– Slave labor unable to cover the demand for workers
• Foreign Immigration– Especially Italians migrate to Brazil
• Abolition– Eventually, enough internal and external pressure is put on Brazil that
ends slavery
Brazil
• Republic– Disenfranchised
groups unite to overthrow the monarchy and establish a new government
Case Study: Argentina
Argentina
• San Martin– Idealistic Creole
Revolutionary
Argentina
• Juan Manuel de Rosas– Conservative,
federalist, gaucho caudillo
Argentina
• Domingo Sarmiento– Liberal reformer,
centralist, defender of culture, promoter of foreign trade