May 10, 2015
Characteristics of Characteristics of UrbanizationUrbanization
During the Gilded AgeDuring the Gilded Age1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.
2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.
3.3. Magnet for economic and social Magnet for economic and social opportunities.opportunities.
4.4. Pronounced class distinctions.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core - Inner & outer core
5.5. New frontier of opportunity for New frontier of opportunity for women.women.
6.6. Squalid living conditions for many.Squalid living conditions for many.
7.7. Political machines.Political machines.
8.8. Ethnic neighborhoods.Ethnic neighborhoods.
NewArchitectural
Style
NewArchitectural
Style
NewUse ofSpace
NewUse ofSpace
NewClass
Diversity
NewClass
Diversity
New EnergyNew Energy
New Culture(“Melting Pot”)
New Culture(“Melting Pot”)
New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”
New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism”
New Levels of Crime,
Violence, & Corruption
New Levels of Crime,
Violence, & Corruption
Make a NewStart
Make a NewStart
NewSymbols ofChange &Progress
NewSymbols ofChange &Progress
The City as a New “Frontier?”
The City as a New “Frontier?”
William Le Baron William Le Baron JenneyJenney
1832 – 19071832 – 1907
““Father of Father of the Modernthe ModernSkyscraper”Skyscraper”
W. Le W. Le Baron Baron
Jenney: Jenney:
CentralCentralY.M.C.A., Y.M.C.A., Chicago, Chicago,
18911891
Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan 1856 – 19241856 – 1924
The ChicagoThe ChicagoSchool ofSchool ofArchitecturArchitecturee
Form Form followsfollowsfunction!function!
Louis Louis SullivanSullivan
: : Bayard Bayard Bldg., Bldg., NYC, NYC, 18971897
Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Scott
Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899
D. H. BurnhamD. H. Burnham
1846 – 19121846 – 1912
Use of steelUse of steelas a superas a superstructure.structure.
DH Burnham: DH Burnham: Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Fisher [Apt.] Bldg,
Chicago, 1896Chicago, 1896
D. H. Burnham: D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Marshall Fields Dept.
Store, 1902Store, 1902
DH Burnham: DH Burnham: Railway Exchange, Railway Exchange,
Chicago, 1904Chicago, 1904
Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright 1869 – 19591869 – 1959
““Prairie Prairie House”House”School of School of ArchitectureArchitecture
““OrganicOrganicArchitectureArchitecture””
Function Function follows form!follows form!
Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Allen-Lamb House, 1915Allen-Lamb House, 1915
Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Hollyhock House [Los Hollyhock House [Los
Angeles], 1917Angeles], 1917
Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:“Falling Waters”, 1936“Falling Waters”, 1936
Interior of “Falling Waters”Interior of “Falling Waters”
F. L. Wright FurnitureF. L. Wright Furniture
F. L. Wright Glass ScreensF. L. Wright Glass Screens
Prairie wheat Prairie wheat patterns.patterns.
Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Susan Lawrence Dana Susan Lawrence Dana House, Springfield, IL - House, Springfield, IL -
19021902
Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Johnson Wax Bldg. – Johnson Wax Bldg. –
Racine, WI, 1936Racine, WI, 1936
Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Guggenheim Museum, NYC Guggenheim Museum, NYC
- 1959- 1959
New York City New York City Architectural Style: Architectural Style:
1870s-1910s1870s-1910s1.1. The style was less innovative thanThe style was less innovative thanin Chicago.in Chicago.
2.2. NYC was the source of the capital NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago.for Chicago.
3.3. Most major business firms had Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC their headquarters in NYC their their bldgs. became “logos” for their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies.companies.
4.4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.were taller than in Chicago.
Western Western
Union Union Bldg,. Bldg,. NYC - NYC - 18751875
ManhattManhattanan
LifeLifeInsurancInsuranc
e e Bldg.Bldg.
NYC - NYC - 18931893
SingerSingerBuilding Building
NYC - NYC - 19021902
WoolworWoolworth th
Bldg.Bldg.
NYC - NYC - 19111911
FlatironFlatironBuilding Building
NYC – NYC – 19021902
D. H. D. H. BurnhaBurnha
mm
Grand Central Grand Central Station, 1913Station, 1913
John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,
18831883
John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, The Brooklyn Bridge,
19131913
““Dumbell “ Dumbell “ TenementTenement
““Dumbell “ Dumbell “ Tenement, NYCTenement, NYC
Jacob Jacob Riis: Riis:
How the How the
Other Half Other Half LivedLived(1890)(1890)
Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving
Lodgers Huddled Lodgers Huddled TogetherTogether
Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving
Struggling Immigrant Struggling Immigrant FamiliesFamilies
Mulberry Street – Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”“Little Italy”
St. St. Patrick’s Patrick’s
CathedralCathedral
Hester Street – Jewish Hester Street – Jewish SectionSection
19001900RoshRosh
HashanaHashanahh
GreetingGreetingCardCard
Pell St. - Chinatown, Pell St. - Chinatown, NYCNYC
Urban Growth: 1870 - Urban Growth: 1870 - 19001900