URBAN ECOLOGY ECOLOCIAL DESIGN URBAN FOREST Ecological Design Based on the knowledge and interest of ecological design principle, this comprehensive design project was selected with consideration of regenerative urban context in mind. An urban forest in London Elephant and Castle, it currently under the 1.5billion regeneration project, the site provides a great opportunity to explore the new approach on how ecological design can apply to urban forest regeneration sustainable with cultural identity? Location: Elephant and Castle, Southwark, London SE17. Design Rationale: Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS); ecological design; urban agriculture, and sustainable living systems Design Concept: Trees as a metaphor for memory Size: 1.26 hectare Site Context Originally, Elephant and Castle was founded as two prosperous villages, Walworth and Newington, surrounded by market gardens, ¿HOGV DQG RSHQ PDUVKODQG 7KH VLWH LV VLWXDWHG ZLWKLQ (OHSKDQW DQG &DVWOH ZKLFK LV GRPLQDWHG E\ URDGV WKH $ DQG $ 7KHVH URDGV VHUYH WKH WUDI¿F ÀRZ ERWK ORFDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO The pre-existing 1970’s housing estate- The Heygate Estate once provided approximately 1200 residential units within several apartment buildings of up to 12 stores in height. The Heygate Estate was designed to offer a utopian ideal where communal OLYLQJ SURYLGHG D VRFLDO KXE IRU WKRVH ZKR EHFDPH WKH ¿UVW WR EHQH¿W IURP WKH SRVWZDU ZHOIDUH VWDWH +RZHYHU GXH WR D UDQJH RI DUFKLWHFWXUH DQG VSDWLDO ÀDZV OHDGLQJ WR SRRU VHFXULW\ ORZ HQHUJ\ HI¿FLHQF\ DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO LVVXHV WKH +H\JDWH (VWDWH LV QRZ under demolition. Beyond ‘Sustainablity’ The ecological design goes beyond what is ‘sustainable’ aiming not only to maintain status for future generation, but to improve upon the biological integrity of existing conditions. It spires to generate resilience in the face of inevitable future environmental disturbances, leading a dynamic stability to both human and non-human communities. Especially, ecological design offers opportunities to enrich biodiversity work with natural process, stimulate natural systems to become self-sustaining and regenerative resources for continued use of human and other species. 'XDQ -XDQ /L %6F +RQ /DQGVFDSH DQG *DUGHQ 'HVLJQ Dissertation- Comprehensive Design Project Totur: Steve Terry, Saruhan Mosler, Tim Waterman Elephant and Castle Urban Forest Design Goal: The initial aims for the comprehensive design project ‘Eco-city’ strategy, which is about rebuilding cities and towns on ecological principles for the long term sustainability, cultural vitality and health of earth’s biosphere, example of an inbuilt model of ‘Eco city in Tianjin, China’. The ecological design theory continually drives the design philosophy and goal which is to concern the citizen LQ HYHU\ FRPPXQLW\ LQ HYHU\ FLW\ WRZQ DQG YLOODJH LV VLJQL¿FDQW ZKLFK LQYROYHG LQ IRUPXODWLRQ DQG UHDOL]DWLRQ RI QHZ ODQG XVH and transportation policies and practises, preserving agricultural lands and open space, and retrieving natural habitat (Ecocity builders, 2011).
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Landscape Portfolio_ Elephant and Castle Urban Forest_Duanjuan Li_2012
Final BSc (Hon) Landscape Design Degree in Writtle School of Design- Elephant and Castle Urban Forest- urban tree intervention and human engagement. Duanjuan Li 2012
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URBAN
ECO
LOG
Y
ECO
LOCIA
L D
ESIG
N
URBAN
FO
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T
Ecological DesignBased on the knowledge and interest of ecological design principle, this comprehensive design project was selected with consideration of regenerative urban context in mind. An urban forest in London Elephant and Castle, it currently under the 1.5billion regeneration project, the site provides a great opportunity to explore the new approach on how ecological design canapply to urban forest regeneration sustainable with cultural identity?
Location: Elephant and Castle, Southwark, London SE17.
Design Rationale: Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS); ecological design; urban agriculture, and
sustainable living systems
Design Concept: Trees as a metaphor for memory
Size: 1.26 hectare
Site ContextOriginally, Elephant and Castle was founded as two prosperous villages, Walworth and Newington, surrounded by market gardens,
The pre-existing 1970’s housing estate- The Heygate Estate once provided approximately 1200 residential units within several apartment buildings of up to 12 stores in height. The Heygate Estate was designed to offer a utopian ideal where communal
under demolition.
Beyond ‘Sustainablity’ The ecological design goes beyond what is ‘sustainable’ aiming not only to maintain status for future generation, but to improveupon the biological integrity of existing conditions. It spires to generate resilience in the face of inevitable future environmentaldisturbances, leading a dynamic stability to both human and non-human communities. Especially, ecological design offers opportunities to enrich biodiversity work with natural process, stimulate natural systems to become self-sustaining and regenerative resources for continued use of human and other species.
Dis
sert
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n- C
ompr
ehen
sive
Des
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Proj
ect
Totu
r: S
teve
Ter
ry,
Sar
uhan
Mos
ler,
Tim
Wat
erm
an
Elephant and Castle Urban Forest
Design Goal:The initial aims for the comprehensive design project ‘Eco-city’ strategy, which is about rebuilding cities and towns on ecologicalprinciples for the long term sustainability, cultural vitality and health of earth’s biosphere, example of an inbuilt model of ‘Eco city in Tianjin, China’. The ecological design theory continually drives the design philosophy and goal which is to concern the citizen
and transportation policies and practises, preserving agricultural lands and open space, and retrieving natural habitat (Ecocitybuilders, 2011).
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Site
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sSite Issues: Diagrams
Light availability: Within the proposed masterplan, a range of tower block housing is proposed range to 24meter to 111 meter in height. Between these 11 courtyard gardens, the planned houses shade will limit sunlight levels for garden, and wind tunnel effect may occur.
Green spacesCreating green space networks to form an ecological green corridor across London
Pedestrian routesUser friend pedestrian route that helps to improve a walk able and safe neighborhood
ViewsUsing both existing and proposed avenues of trees to frame the views that represent the landscape character
Stormwater collectionSustainable Drainage System design that collect surface water runoff and purify the water to be used on the site.
Cycle routesNew cycle routes through the site, to promote a more safe and convenience environment for cyclist.
Transportation
carriageways and public transport lines
Trees: There are 447 mature Platanus x acerifolia (London plane tree)s on site and forms an ‘Urban Forest’. These are extremely important resource to be kept, not only for their environmental
and new residents. The mature London plane trees will also cast shadow in leaf on the site and reduce should amount shade on the site and reduce light levels, therefore the removal of some of the mature trees of the site to introduce more light to the site as well as adding other species tree to improve ecological values.
User groups:A mixture of user groups that need to be considered throughout
design, i.e. economic growth, social connection and health and wellbeing environment. The heavy usage of the site will affect the plant selections and increase the maintenance loads.
Victory Primary School
Heygate Estate Residents
Local Retails shops
Elephant and Castle Shopping Centre
Neighbourhood
residents
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“Trees, our mute companions,looming through the winter mist
from the side of the road, lit for a momentin passing by the car’s headlamps:Ash and Oak, Chestnutand Yew;
witnesses, huge mildbeings who suffer the consequence of
sharing our planet and cannot move away from any evil we subject them to,
whose slient absolution hides the scars of our sins, who always forgive-yet still assumethe attributes of judges, not victims”.
Fainlight’s poem interpret trees as wise and trusty living organisms, they witness landscapes
and people growing and changing through time. The inspirational concept of this project is
using ‘The Tree’ as a metaphor to represent past, present and future. The tree illustrates
time and space, changing with the seasons and as an indicator of climate. They make a
contribution to people, environment and landscape character. The existing plane trees are
strongly linked with local people who have grown alongside these trees, and are part of
their memory. By enhancing the existing tree structure to become an ecologically diverse
urban forest where a range of trees and other plant layers combine with water.
climate and as a working landscape, integrated with a Sustainable Drainage System of
of varying scale and character accommodate a range of uses and activities that will be
attractive through the changing seasons. Any trees removed from the site will be reused
on the site, as seats or sculptural elements, to prolong the tree’s longevity in a different
way.
Creating for a vibrant sustainable community which reconnects the existing community, a place
create by community for community.
lofro
The Living System
Design Aspiration
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Con
cept
Dev
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tElephant and Castle Progression
No vegetationPoor green amenity and living conditions
A cohesive landscape meets the environmental social
and economical needs.
447 London Plane trees form as urban
forest patches.
Elephant and castle’s society and economy was thriving during 1970s and 1980s
The Heygate Estate: 1970s failed utopian ideal communities.
London plane trees within private space
Reconnecting local street tree networks
Reclaiming a new sustainable landscape and thriving communities.
Past
Present
Future
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The forms was generated from the concept- ‘ The Living System’, the idea of tree grows from the past, present to future, the expression of prolong
the tree’s longevity in a different way drive the design from the beginning. The initial design form was inspired by London plane tree’s three key
Working from the concept form that replicated the essence of the London plane trees on the site, the more architectural form also considered within the design process to communicate the idea across with clarity. The form is
testing against the spatial, environmental and physiological factors.
Sustainability:Local neighbourhood and food growing
Glassland and biodiversity
Minimise inputs of materials and energy
Maximise outputs of renewable and reuseable
resources
Rainwater haresting
Social Environment:Foster the sense of ownership and stewardship
by using plane tree as fabric of the communites.
Wide range of recreational and educational
spaces for community gathering
User friendly and easy access circulation routes
Job opportunities and increase local economy
Ecological approaches:Creating Eco-corridor
Rainwater harvesting
Intergration of urban agriculture
Existing tree retaintion
Use of local and Reused materials
Native plantings
Design Considerations:
Market Square
Open Space
Leisure space
Naturalistic Space
Productive Space
Initi
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Concept to Form
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Form Development:
The forms continuously developing from the concept
-’Tree are essence of this landscape’. Trees planted in
Heygate Estate in 1970s, was intended to form as a tree
communities, which purify the air, noise and pollutions.
However due to the demolition of this regeneration project,
many trees are due to be removed to allow the residential
buildings to be built. The existing plane trees are strongly
linked with local people who have grown alongside these
trees, and are part of their memory. Reconnecting the tree
communities by creating linkage between trees, frame view
and focal points etc.
Market SquareMultifunctional spaces for both market trade and large and small retails to accommodate.
Open spaces
Open lawn spaces for all; it is a transition
point between market square and the
forest edge.
Forest
Higher density trees and layer plantings
are propose to form a urban woodland
that encourage the biodiversity.
Water
SuDS systemwater collection and plant
be reused and enjoyed.
Urban agriculture
Local growing activities and educational
programmes.
Initial site Functional diagram
Reclaim the harmony in Heygate Estate via connecting the trees
and celebrate the prestigious existence.
Strategic and desire routes that connect to surrounding street
networks.
linkage, that creates physical elements to direct people through
the site.
Revised from the initial sketch design, where the functions of the
spaces is highlighted.
Human movements and tree connections merged into one
cohesive circulation throughout the site.
Pre-existing trees connections that represent the historical
settlement of Heygate Estate.
The architectural approaches to this form where it replicate and
intersecting the 70s Modernism Heygate Estate structure.
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Duan J
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Landscape a
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Urban agriculture:Floral carpet
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Scale: 1:300
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Scale: 1:100
1m
2m 4m
5m
10m
15m
20m
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Flora carpet The existing London plane tree has been retained its character and link to the past. This young forest is design to improve the biodiversity and bring people closed to wild nature within the urban context.
This scheme aims to create a sustainable forest plant community that contribute high ecological and aesthetic value.
Living streets and WaterscapeSunset view from residential block
overlooking the forest, high density of usage enlivens the space with encouraging social
engagement with the landscape.
Productive Landscape: Urban Orchard
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Spring Enchantment
Autumn Profusion
Winter Mist
Suggested Plant Lists:Anemone hupehensis
Aquilegia canadensis
Dicentra canadensis
Geranium ‘Buxton Blue’
Hyacinthoides non-scripta
Iris pseudacorus
Liriope muscari
Mertensia virginica
Nepeta cataria
Phlox stolonifera ‘Ariane’
Stylophorum diphyllum
Tiarella cordifolia
Adiantum pedatum
Matteuccia struthiopteris
Prunus Padus Albertii
Summer Tapestries
Forest Scenery
Author: Duan Juan Li (98321696)
Assignment Title: Assignment B- Hard and Soft Landscape Detaiiling
Module Title: Detail Design Applications
Module Code: H0460063
Tutor: Richard Romang
Word count: 1500
Date: 11th May 2012
Elephant and Castle Urban Forest Construction Detailing Report
DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Contents
2
Introduction
Introduction 2
Project Overview 3
Construction Detail Sections 4
Vertical Detail 5-7
- General Applications
- Design Context
- Design Criteria
- Technical Design & Specifications
Horizontal Detail 8-10
- General Applications
- Design Context
- Design Criteria
- Technical Design & Specifications
Soft Landscape Detail 11-13
- General Applications
- Design Context
- Design Criteria
- Technical Design & Specifications
Conculsion 14
Reference 14
Appendix 1-2 15-16
This report is aim to illustrate complex construction details within the landscape design project- Elephant
and Castle Urban Forest. It’s delivering relevant construction details to industry standard, by committing
a comprehensive background information research. The report will also demonstrate the response for
selecting materials and details in relation to the context of a specific site. Each construction details
will be critically analysed and evaluated precedents and use of selected material in producing effective
designs, with a clear and communicating graphic presentation, that constructor can understand the plan
with ease.
The report have focused on research three construction areas indepth, where there will be analysd and
justification their function, suitablity and aesthetic and environmental value:
1. Vertical Detail
2. Horizontal Detail
3. Soft Landscape Detail
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Project Overview
Phase 2: Hard Landscape Plan
Project: Elephant and Castle Urban Forest
Client: Lend Lease (Developer)
Location: Heygate Estate, Elephant and Castle, Southwark
Reference Number: W202012
Landscape Consultant: Ecoscape Studio
The site dominated by roads that carry a lot of traffic from Europe
and South London into the city centre, the site has designed to adapt
SuDs (Sustainable urban Drainage system) to collect surface runoff
and reuse the water on the site. Mixed use residential and commercial
blocks have also proposed around the site thus consideration towards
the suitability and functionality of materials are significant in both hard
and soft landscaped areas. The overall material selection criteria will
base on the hard wearing and long lasting, tolerance heavy pedestrian and
cyclist usage, low maintenance, user and environmental friendly , as well
as aesthetically pleasing.
Elephant and Castle urban forest ‘Phase 2 detailed plan’ (see figure
1),shows the sections lines (Figure 2 &3) that the three construction
detail’s location on plan ant their surrounding context.
Figure 1: Elephant and Castle urban forest phase 2 detail plan. The highlighted area on the plan has two section lines across, where the 3 types of detail construction detail will be
evaluated in this report. Source: Li, 2012.
A
A1
B
B1
3
DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Construction Detail Sections
Vertical Detail
The vertical detail: vertical Water rill, with natural rocks in between the
pedestrian path to function as both physical and visual barrier. The vertical
detail section will be analysed and evaluated in-depth in ‘NO:1.Vertical Detail’.
The soft landscape detail: woodland plants tolerant shade and damp
conditions with seasonal interest. The soft landscape detail section will be
analysed and evaluated in-depth in ‘NO:3. Soft Landscape Detail’.
1
2
Horizontal Detail
The horizontal detail: Pedestrian Bridge meet the permeable paving with overflow
water discharge pipe to control the risk of flooding. The horizontal detail section
will be analysed and evaluated in-depth in ‘NO:2. Horizontal Detail’.
A A1
B B1
Soft Landscape Detail
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Figure 2 (above) and 3 (below): Section drawings of the site indicate
the areas of contruction detailings. Source: Li, (2012).
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Vertical Detail
General Applications:
Design Context:
The general application of the vertical water rill, determined the materials and
components that create the visual impact and safe to be install on the site. It
will look at the materials that can complement the best for the design. It usually
built as rigid structure as solid architecture pool in reinforced concrete(Figure
4) fibreglass reinforced plastic, natural stone, steel and masonry.
Concrete:
Concrete is the most commonly used material used in the construction of many
of the water features (figure 5). The concrete usually waterproofed mainly
forms many of the features bases which house the features workings such as
the pumps. Concrete is the best material for constructing the bases of the
features due to its strength and durability. It can be formed into a variety of
different shapes and sizes without losing it strength. Concrete itself is long
lasting a will outlive the feature itself.
The design of the curved water rill with waterfall aims to create a formal feature
that reflects the surrounding urban architectural environment. The water
feature also designed to incorporate with SuDs system on the site, where rain
and surface water will be collected and transport the central retention pond
via swales, and release the water or celebrate this resource in a high aesthetic
and practical way.
Safety Consideration:
The design also considered the use of material, finishes and incorporation of
ambient lighting sources, to meet both functional and conceptual purpose
(figure 6,7). The safety contextual factors have also considered, the feature
can be utilised both during the day and the evening. It used medium to large
natural rocks next to the edge of the rill, which act as both visual and physical
barriers.
Figure 4: THE ALLURE OF RILLS, reinforce concrete architectural rill. Source:
Jillywelch, 2012.
Figure 6: Waterfall in urban context with lighting feature which added aesthetic
Figure 7. Urban Waterfall within enclosed environment
provided greater social interactions. Source: Improvement
thouse, 2012.
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Design Criteria
Aesthetics: designed to maximise the visual effect of the flowing water, incorporate
lighting system to create a visual impact and encourage the site usage during night
time. Colour selections of material are design to create contrast and harmony to the
overall design scheme (figure 8,9).
Function: it utilised as part of the SuDs system on the site, where water release
into the retention pond and discharge the overflow of the water back to water rill. It
retained part of the edge of the retention pond. It allow people to view the feature from
different areas, and accessible for people to interact with the water with care.
Technical: Design requires the corporation on pump system where water will source
from the underground water storage to supply consistent flows of water. Lighting
installation will also be placed for its high aesthetic value.
Environmental: should be cause no pollution to the water and biodiversity or surrounding
landscape.
Durability: the selection of materials is hardwearing and durable with an extensive
lifespan.
Cost Effectiveness: a designed to be build curved reinforced concrete rill by Hy-Ten, Uk,
where high quality material will be used and the cost will be higher for it’s value.
Figure 9: Case Study: A waterfall that forms part of San
Francisco’s Yerba Buena Gardens illustrates one of the
elements of urban nature. The curved waterfall provides
a strong visual impact for public. Source: Core, (2012).
Figure 8. The Curved Waterfall act as visual attraction as well as part of SuDS system water
circulations, where interaction between people, plant and water is created. Source: Li, (2012).
Vertical Detail 1-41
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Vertical Detail
Notes:
Detail 6. 450 x 450 x 45mm cop, Drivesett Tegula Walling, Colour Traditional (TR) coursed laying pattern Coping is
Drivesett Tegula in random pattern with a natural finish. Please see attached Appendix 1 Manufacture specification.
Detail 19. Curved formed reinforced concrete rill (60,000x1, 000x180mm) (Dowel Bar Cradles, Code: EJC180)
Please see Appendix 1.1 manufacture specification for material details.
Detail 22. Rainwater storage tank, please see Appendix 1.2 produce information.
1-41
information Source: Zimmermann, 2008.
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
1-42 Horizontal Detail
General Application
Design Context:
The pedestrian bridges are particularly eye-catching elements that they can
enhance the landscape characters. The general application of pedestrian bridge
built for pedestrians and cyclists in or around an open public space significantly
influence it’s appearance, the materials for the structure are usually built from
timber, steel, cast iron, concrete, glass, bronze and cut stone; and different
type of bridge structure are design to meet it’s loading capacity and usage
rates (figure 10).
The case study (figure 11): The Sackler Crossing that the material- granite
cut stone, the durability, high quality finish, easy maintenance and the great
aesthetic value, is achieving a high standard bridge design. The chosen materials
for this pedestrian bridge are influence by it, for its outstanding design and
durability.
The design form of the bridge is replicating the pre-existing London plane tree
arrangement, where the curved bridge reclaimed the ethic of the space (figure
13). The design consideration of this pedestrian bridge is based on its visual
impression with surrounding landscape; the loading capacity and its soil type
on the site; the weight of traffic and usage.
The bridge is designed as cantilever bridge, that build over the SuDS retention
pond with height of less than 1.5 meter, where provides access from market
square and retail area to the floral carpet. It is an important transition element
of the site which pushes people from the busy atmosphere, to a space people
can sit down, relax and connect to nature. Therefore the materials selection for
the bridge is highly durable, visually pleasant and efficiently functions (figure
12).
Figure 10: Bridge types: The selected bridge to be used is Cantilever bridge,
where the substantial loads are evenly spread across the structure.
Source: Severn bridge visitor centre, 2012.
Figure 12: Top view to the bridge across the site. Source: Li, 2012.Figure 13: Sketch
view of the bridge.
Source: Li, 2012.
Figure 11: The Sackler Crossing , Kew Garden. Source: Architecture,
2012.
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Horizontal Detail 1-42
Design Criteria
Function: High traffic pedestrian bridge. No vehicular traffic. Should enhance
landscape and landscape views. The bridge is design to be user friendly for
all.
Environmental: Should not cause any pollution to the water or surrounding
landscape to prevent plant/ animal deaths.
Technical: Design must appear minimalistic; main beams, abut¬ments and
fixings should not be visually apparent. Lighting needs to be incorporated
for use at night.
Cost Effectiveness: The construction of the design will be build and
construct on the site via bridge engineer- Balfour Beatty and Buro Happold.
Therefore the bridge will be cost higher than others, but with higher quality
structure finish.
Durability: The design is to be a contemporary landmark that engages the
past and future of the site, therefore the materials must be durable for an
extensive period of time.
Aesthetics: the outlook of the bridge are simple, clean, crisp aesthetic.
Bronze uprights have reflective qualities that are similar to water in
sunglight. it has a repetative uniform materials are legible. Coherent
design allows the structure to be read clearly within the landscape. Simple
repetition of elements allows a different visual story to be read from various
angles. Material choice is high quality and very contemporary. (figure 14).Figure 14: The bridge bird side view to the site with surrounding context. Source: Li, 2012.
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
Horizontal Detail 1-42
Notes:
Bridge detail is specified by sub-contractor. The section above show
how the bridge should be installed on the site and how it emerges with
the permeable paving.
Permeable paving should be build to specificated document, Please see
appendix 2 Permeable Paving specification for material details.
information Source: Zimmermann, 2008.
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DUAN JUAN LI (98321696)
Landscape and Garden Design
1-43
Soft Landscape Detail
General Application
Design Context:
The planting in the landscape is adding the excitement and atmosphere to the
environment, and it’s providing significant environmental value to our planet.
Plant health is affected by various different factors. The most significant of
these are the availability of nutrients, soil conditions, climatic condition, and
competition pressures arising between different plant species (Zimmermann,
2008).
Forest planting
Forest planting is groups of plants that tolerant low light, nutrients level and
plant competition. Succession is part of the establishment and development
of plant communities that lead to the four layers of plant selections- The
emergent layer; the Canopy; the understory and the forest floor (figure 15,
16,17).
The existing London planes trees on the site has form as forest patches that
designed to be kept and extensively regenerate a new forest to improve the
ecological value and biodiversity, by adding more native plants and wildlife
beneficial plants.
The selection of planting is established upon the suitability, architectural
forms, colour interests and ecological benefit. The arrangement of the plants
should also be based on forest layer system, which it will present a overall
naturalistic forest succession scheme. The soil of the site is heavy clay with
PH 7, which it should be loosened by adding sand or compost and the topsoil