Landcare, Food Security and Value Chains in East Africa Presentation to ALI AGM 16 November 2012 Bernie Wonder AIFSC Project 2012-13
Landcare, Food Security and Value Chains in East Africa
Presentation to ALI AGM16 November 2012
Bernie Wonder
AIFSC Project
2012-13
Apologies for the acronyms!!
• BW – ABARE, DPIE, DAFF, PC
• NSCP, FWRAAP, NLP, NHT, NAP, MDBC,
WSSD
• AIFSC (www.aciar.gov.au/aifsc)
Food Security is the issue of our time.Hilary Clinton 2011
• AIFSC announced October 2011
• $A 33m over 4 years
• Initial focus-sub Saharan Africa
• Canberra, Nairobi offices
• First Centre Director-Mellissa Wood
AIFSC Themes
• Sustainable & Productive Farming Systems (R)
• Markets, Value Chains & Social Systems (R)
• Food Nutrition & Safety (R)
• Communications & Knowledge management (CB)
• Education, Training & Capacity Building (CB)
Food Security-Context & Conditions
• Availability - Sustainable production, NRM,
Enabling Policies
• Access - Income, Cash crops & Livestock
Products, Purchasing Capacity,
Market Access
• Utilisation - Nutrition, Diet, Reduced waste,
Adding value
The Big Picture• World Population grows from 7B (2012)
to 9B (2050)
• Accounted for entirely and approximately equally by Africa and Asia (1B each)
• Sub Saharan Africa fed 80% by smallholders
• Declining farm size & yields + urbanisation
Where to Focus Food Security Effort
• Increased food Production
• Increased Income
• Improved Nutrition & Diet Diversity
• Improved Access to Knowledge
• Increased Institutional & Individual Capacity
Agri-Food Value Chain (1)
• Much of what needs to be done captured by Value Adding chain
• Production, Storage, Processing, Distribution, Trading, Consumption
• Value Chains for Transforming Smallholder Agriculture Conference
• Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Agri-Food Value Chain (2)• Not new-used by Agribusiness for long time
• A tool for describing segments, linkages, points of co-operation, risks and opportunities from input to market decisions
• Aid organisations now using to help smallholders & guide interventions
• Can involve public as well as private sectors
Agri-Food Value Chain (3)
• Demand driven by customers• Can work for Subsistence as well as
Commercial smallholders • Both have potential partners, decision points,
knowledge requirements, capacity needs• Helps with linked journey of Subsistence,
Small surplus, Commercialisation
• Eg. Cereals 1 to 2t/ha gives +100Mt
Farmer & Landcare Groups (1)
• The importance of Scale
• Landcare Groups have Landscape focus
• Business Groups have joint enterprise focus
• Common interest farmer groups
Farmer & Landcare groups (2)
• Farmer Groups throughout East Africa
• Landcare one common purpose
• Kenya Landcare Network origins in farmer groups
• Kalama & Kola (Machakos) groups focussing on Landcare & Business Opportunities
Farmer & Landcare Groups (3)
Farmer & Landcare Groups (4)
Farmer & Landcare Groups (5)
Farmer & Landcare Groups (6)
Farmer & Landcare Groups (7)
Evergreen Agriculture Trees (for holes)
Group 1-Nursery
• Landcare Group-nursery focus for erosion protection. Formal constitution. Local markets
• Also mangoes, oranges, potatoes grown for household consumption & cash crop
• Water scarcity & tree security challenges
Group 2 – Evergreen Agriculture
• IFAD sponsored, ICRAF advice
• Fertiliser trees (Caliandra & others) & conservation agriculture focus with intercropping of maize, beans & pigeon peas. Bees for honey as well
• Low tree survival-water stress & predator attack
Observations on Groups (1)
• Highly enthusiastic & committed, Group 2 established in 1989
• Average age of farmers in Kenya-60, Youth leaving. Overwhelmingly, women members
• Poor planning, budgeting, marketing skills. Very limited capital, agricultural skills and partnerships but KENDAT & AusAid providing valuable support
Observations on Groups (2)
• Groups social capital can be broadly applied beyond NRM
• Enable market power for procurement and marketing relevant to Landcare & enterprise projects
• Capacity building needs concern business skills, budgets, risk management, input usage, marketing decisions and technology
Some Tentative Inferences (1)
• Remoteness and infrastructure limitations often mean non-perishable focus but not always (eg. Carribbean smallholders supplying supermarkets)
• Groups give scale for engaging value adding chain
• Marketing channel choices include local village, supplying a large farm, contract farming, co-operatives, farmer collective, supermarkets
Some Tentative Inferences (2)• Group capacity to make decisions critical –
business, technology, financial as well as what they do in the chain – produce, store, process – and who they choose to value add (pack, transport, market)
• Partnerships central to progress. NGOs play key role but potential to link with researchers, LG, Agriculture agencies as well as private players (seed, fertiliser, chemical companies)
Some Tentative Inferences (3)
• Innovation Platforms having broad focus look useful. Kapchowra, Uganda example?
• Innovation triangle embracing farmers, service providers (seed, fertiliser, chemicals, credit) & Enablers (Government policy, research, science) also useful
• Good governance needed-eg. market power, contract terms and law
Success story-Honey-Ethiopia (1)
• Located Adama, 135km SE Addis Ababa• Established 2003• 2000 smallholder outgrowers (mostly women)• Honey production-36t (2003) to 196t (2012)• Wax & pollen sales• Demonstration sites• Pre & post harvest handling training (SNV)• EU accredited, Fairtrade certified
Success story-Honey-Ethiopia (2)
• HACCP, ISO 20000• NGO training (SNV) embedded• Germany, Belgium, UK, US sales• Market channels include co-op & traders• Whole of Chain stakeholder meetings• Price varies based on quality specifications• Mobile phone communication (eg container
requirements)
Success story-Honey-Ethiopia (3)
• Investment in trust and commitment• Competition central-growers have several
sales outlets• Processor/marketer sources of smallholder
finance• Improved incomes, food security, livelihoods,
standard of living
A Landcare Based Approach to food Security in East Africa-Scoping Study (1)
• Contribution made now to food security through Landcare
• Whether Landcare approach can be more broadly applied along agri-food marketing chain
• What partnerships might assist this broader focus
A Landcare Based Approach to food Security in East Africa-Scoping Study (2)
• Undertake a pilot study of how the Landcare approach might work in a broader, through-chain food security context
• Propose ideas on areas worthy for further research
Next Steps for Project
• Analyse Group Capability
• Better understand Food Security status
• Identify smallholder development needs
• Assess Innovation Platform requirements
• Kenya through chain pilot study