Ladder&Mobile Scaffold

8/3/2019 Ladder&Mobile Scaffold

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Types of ScaffoldsTypes of Scaffolds

Mobile Scaffolds

± A powered or unpowered,

portable, caster or wheel-

mounted supported

scaffold.

± Built from the ground up.



HazardsHazards

Scaffolds are fairlysafe and useful

when they areerected and usedcorrectly. ± User training

required

± Scaffold CompetentPerson required

Aerial lifts can be a safer

and less complicated

alternative to scaffolds. ± Operator training and

certification is required for all

users



Fall HazardsFall Hazards

The following activities pose the most

significant fall hazards on scaffolds:

± climbing onto, or off of, the ladder from theplatform

± working beyond the guardrail system

± erecting the scaffold

± dismantling the scaffold

The Scaffold Competent

Person will determine fall

protection requirements for

these activities, if necessary.



Personal

Fall Arrest Systems

Personal

Fall Arrest Systems

A Personal Fall Arrest System

consists of:

± a full body harness ± a connecting device

±an appropriate anchor point

N ote: Additional training is required

for personal fall arrest users.



Impact ProtectionImpact Protection

Barricade the area below

install a toeboard along the

circumference of the workplatform.

± at least 150 mm. Width

± able to withstand 25 Kg-forceapplied in a downward or

horizontal direction



Electrical HazardsElectrical Hazards

This scaffold was

actually built around

an incoming power

line!



Safe ClearanceSafe Clearance

A safe distance of 3000

mm between the

scaffolding, you, any

materials or equipmentyou¶re handling, etc. and

energized power lines (50

Kilovolts or less) must be

maintained at all times.



Scaffold FailureScaffold Failure

Scaffold failure can occur due to any of

the following: ± poor foundation

± improper assembly

± defective materials

± overloading

± not secured



Proper AssemblyProper Assembly

To reduce the risk of scaffolding failure,

visually inspect the scaffolding before

accessing it.

Start with the foundation and work your

way up, making sure that the following

general requirements are being met.



Base/FootingBase/Footing

firm foundation

± hard, solid ground

± concrete, etc.

Screw jacks

should be used

to level the

scaffold.

Base plates

should be

secured to the

mud sill.

Distribute the

weight of thescaffold on wooden

mud sills.



Base/FootingBase/Footing

Unstable objects shall not be used to

support scaffolds, such as bricks,

blocks, scrap lumber, etc. Screw jacks

should be used instead.



Plumb and LevelPlumb and Level

Scaffolds must be

perfectly vertical.



CrossbracingCrossbracing

Crossbraces must:

± be installed on front side and

back side on all scaffold framesfor stability.

± not be used for access - no

climbing!

Crossbraces cannot be usedas a guardrail system



Crossbracing as GuardrailsCrossbracing as Guardrails

IF the cross-point is between

950 - 1200 mm. above the

platform, it can be used as a

toprail.

IF the cross-point is between

500 - 650 mm. above the

platform, it can be used as a

midrail.

Crossbraces CANNOT be used

for both!



Proper AccessProper Access

Proper access must beprovided, such as: ± portable ladders

± hook-on ladders ± attachable ladders

± stair towers

± ramps/walkways

Ladders must meet as per the National Standard IS:3696, Pt-2 design & userequirements.

Ladders must be secured.

You are not allowed to climb

the frame of most scaffolds

unless it is designed by the

manufacturer for this purpose.



Decking/Working PlatformDecking/Working Platform

The work platform mustbe: ± complete (no missing

deckboards)

± at least 700 mm wide and30 mm thick

± of approved types and

materials ± secured to the frame

± clean and clear of mud,loose materials or debris

Does not meet the

requirements!



Guardrail SystemsGuardrail Systems

Guardrail systems are required for fall

protection at:

± 02 Mtr.

Note: Always buildthe scaffold as

complete as possible.



Guardrail SystemsGuardrail Systems

A guardrail system consists of the

following:

± A toprail 950 mm above the platform

capable of supporting 90 Kg-force in a

downward or horizontal direction.



Guardrail Systems (Contd«)Guardrail Systems (Contd«)

A guardrail system consists of the

following:

± A midrail approximately midway between the

toprail and platform capable of supporting 70

Kg-force applied in a downward or horizontal

direction.



Maximum CapacityMaximum Capacity

Scaffolds and scaffoldcomponents must be

capable of supporting,without failure, their ownweight and at least 4 timesthe maximum intendedload.

The UDL on the platformshould be at least 300Kg/m2

Maximum Intended Load = total load

of all persons, equipment, tools,

materials, and other loads anticipated.



Bracing and TyingBracing and Tying

Bracing :

Single pole scaffold should be bracedlongitudinally

Double pole scaffold should be braced bothlongitudinally and transversely

Tying:

Every single pole and double pole scaffoldshould be tied to the building or adjacentstructure to prevent its movement of thescaffold.



10.0 m

10.0 m

Diagonal Face Bracing



Zig-zag

Face Bracing

10.0 m



Height of Scaffold

Horizontal spacing of ties Verticalspacing

Between

GL & 6 m

Between

6 m &12

m

Between

12 m & 18

m

Up to 6 m Every 5th

standard or

10 m

-- -- 4 m

Up to 12 m Every 4th

standard or

8 m

Every 5th

standard or

10 m

-- 4 m

Up to 18 m Every 3rd

standard or

6 m

Every 4th

standard or

8 m

Every 5th

standard or

10 m

4 m

Spacing of ties

Source--- IS: 3696 (pt-I)-1987



General RequirementsGeneral Requirements

Work on or from scaffolds is

prohibited during storms or high

winds, unless the competent person

determines it is safe, and they are

protected by a personal fall arrest

system or wind screens.N ote: Wind screens shall not be used

unless the scaffold is secured against the

anticipated wind forces imposed.




Debris shall not be allowed to

accumulate on platforms.




The working height of the scaffold shouldnot be extended by

using objects toprovide access to thework area.

Always stand on thescaffold decking!



Mobile ScaffoldsMobile Scaffolds

Mobile scaffold requirements are basically

the same as for supported scaffolds,

except that:

± the base plate is replaced with a wheel or

caster with a brake pedal,

± mud sills are not used.




Wheels must be locked to prevent

movement while the scaffold is in use.




When moving the scaffold,

apply manual force as close

to the base as possible (nohigher than 1500 mm).

In general, do not move the

scaffold with people on it(there are a few exceptions).

Push/pull in

this area to

move.



InspectionsInspections

Workplace supervisor should conduct specialinspections of all scaffolding, after;

any damage to the scaffold

occurrence of any adverseweather condition

earthquake etc.,Shock on the scaffold



Inspections (Contd«)

The following points are to be checked by the supervisorduring scheduled inspection;

o Alignment and support of the standards

o The straightness of the ledgers

o Adequacy of the bracing

o Ties to the building

o Tightness of the lashing or couplers

o Support and security of the planks and platform

o Guardrails and toe-boards

o Condition and security of the ladders



Ladder SafetyLadder Safety

Follow these four simple steps inLadder safety:

Use the right ladder for the job

Inspect the ladder

Set-up the ladder properly

Follow rules for climbing and using

ladders




Always:

Maintain three points of contact with

the ladder at all times

Maintain the center line of your body

between the ladder¶s vertical

support rails while working

Check bottom of shoes and ladder

rungs for grease and dirt




Extension ladders:

A minimum of 1 meter extension

beyond access point

Must be secured at the top

Must have area secured with

cones or barrier tape, or have an

attendant



Ladder SafetyLadder SafetyFollow the 4:1 rule when using

extension ladders

6 m

(20 ft)

1.5 m

(5 ft.)




Don¶t:

overreach from a ladder

use the top two rungs

use wood or metal

ladders

move a ladder while on it

climb with material share a ladder

Do:

move the ladder

get a taller ladder use fiberglass only

get down and move the ladder

use a toolbelt

get a 2nd ladder




³No matter how quickly a job can be done,

there is always time to fall´

Unsafe Safe



Violation

Tips for improvement

Use a tool belt tokeep hands free

Lift materials from a

hand line bucket from

the ground

Vi l i



Violation



Violation



Violation



ReviewReview

Scaffold Competent Person on site.

Build Scaffold as per IS: 3696 (Pt-I) requirements!

Use proper accesses to work platforms.

Use additional personal fall arrest systems whererequired by the competent person.

Keep the work platform clean and clear of debris andother slipping/tripping hazards.

Inspect the scaffold before you access it!

Use access ladder following the requirements of IS:3696 (Pt-II).

Implement a fall protection system.



Ladder&Mobile Scaffold

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