Be Safe Ladder Safety. Be Safe US&A (v. 2/07) 2 Choosing Right Equipment -- Ladder or Scaffold? Will the job take only a short amount of time?Will the.

Be Safe

Ladder SafetyLadder Safety

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Choosing Right Equipment -- Ladder or Choosing Right Equipment -- Ladder or Scaffold?Scaffold?

• Will the job take only Will the job take only a short amount of a short amount of time?time?

• Does work require Does work require side-to-side side-to-side movement?movement?

• Does the work require Does the work require using tools with both using tools with both hands?hands?

LadderLadder ScaffoldScaffold

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• Straight LadderStraight Ladder• Step LadderStep Ladder• Extension LadderExtension Ladder

• Sectional LadderSectional Ladder• Trestle LadderTrestle Ladder• Trolley LadderTrolley Ladder• Side Rolling Side Rolling • Mason’s LadderMason’s Ladder

• Max 30’Max 30’• Max 20’Max 20’• Max 60’Max 60’• Combined lengths of section not Combined lengths of section not

longer tlonger than specified for han specified for equivalent non-sectional typesequivalent non-sectional types

• Max 30’Max 30’• Max 20’Max 20’• Max 20’Max 20’• Max 40’Max 40’

Types of LaddersTypes of Ladders

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Duty RatingsDuty Ratings

• Type IAA: Special-duty -- 375 lbs • Type IA: Extra heavy-duty -- 300 lbs • Type I: Heavy-duty -- 250 lbs

• Type II: Medium-Duty -- 225 lbs (not recommended at UWM)

• Type III: Light-Duty -- 200 lbs (not allowed at UWM)

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Load LimitsLoad Limits

• Select a ladder designed to hold the necessary Select a ladder designed to hold the necessary load, including worker and equipmentload, including worker and equipment

• Do not assume that a longer ladder has a higher duty rating. There is no relationship between length and duty rating.

• The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) requires that a duty rating sticker be placed on the side of every ladder so users can determine if they have the correct type ladder for each task/job.

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Advantages/DisadvantagesAdvantages/Disadvantages

• FiberglassFiberglass

– Strong, lightweight, Strong, lightweight, electrically non-electrically non-conductiveconductive

– More expensive More expensive than wood or metalthan wood or metal

Fiberglass Ladder

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• MetalMetal

– Must not be used Must not be used when working on when working on or near electrical or near electrical wireswires

– lightweightlightweight


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• WoodWood

– Heavier than aluminum Heavier than aluminum or fiberglassor fiberglass

– Can rotCan rot

– Electrically non-Electrically non-conductiveconductive

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Check for damage prior to using:

• Make sure feet are not broken or malfunctioning and that the slip-resistant pads are secure.

• Inspect for cracks, bends & splits on the side rails, rungs & steps.

• Make sure both rung locks are working properly.

• Test the rope & pulley. Examine rope for any signs of fraying. Make sure the pulley is operating smoothly.

• Ensure all bolts and rivets are secure. • Make sure ladder is free of foreign

materials such as oil & grease. • Make sure the spreader braces are

secure & working properly. • Aluminum or steel ladders should be

inspected for rough burrs and sharp edges.

Ladder Safety ChecklistLadder Safety Checklist

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Immediately remove ladder from Immediately remove ladder from service if inspection findsservice if inspection finds

• Broken or missing steps, rungs Broken or missing steps, rungs

or cleatsor cleats

• Broken or damaged side railsBroken or damaged side rails

• Other faulty equipment such Other faulty equipment such

as missing feet, damaged as missing feet, damaged

connections, broken rivetsconnections, broken rivets

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• Always place Always place ladders on a ladders on a stable surfacestable surface

• Clear debrisClear debris

• Level uneven Level uneven groundground

Ladder Set-UpLadder Set-Up

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• Always assure secure Always assure secure footingfooting

• Keep ladder free from Keep ladder free from mud, grease and other mud, grease and other substances which substances which could cause you to slipcould cause you to slip

• Keep area around Keep area around ladder free from ladder free from traffic. traffic.


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• Always lock Always lock or guard or guard door if door if ladder ladder blocks blocks doorwaydoorway


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• Base of straight Base of straight ladder should be ladder should be 1 foot away 1 foot away from the surface from the surface for every 4 feet for every 4 feet to the topto the top

(1:4)(1:4)

1 foot

4 feet


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• Don’t place ladder on place ladder on

boxes, barrels or other boxes, barrels or other

unstable surfaces to extend unstable surfaces to extend

heightheight


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Extension LaddersExtension Ladders

• AlwaysAlways raise extension ladders so that raise extension ladders so that the upper section overlaps and rests on the upper section overlaps and rests on the bottom section.the bottom section.

• The upper section must always overlap The upper section must always overlap on the climbing sideon the climbing side of the extension of the extension ladder.ladder.

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Be Safe Extension Ladder OverlapExtension Ladder Overlap

Extension Ladders should have the proper overlap:

• Three foot overlap for 32-foot ladder • Four foot overlap for 32- to 36-foot

ladder • Five foot overlap for 36- to 48-foot

ladder • Six foot overlap for 48-foot ladder

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Straight LadderStraight Ladder

• If a straight If a straight ladder is used ladder is used to climb onto an to climb onto an elevated work elevated work station, it will station, it will extend at least extend at least 3 1/2 feet above 3 1/2 feet above the working the working level.level.

This ladder is not sufficiently extended

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• Face the ladder when Face the ladder when ascending or descendingascending or descending

• Both hands should be Both hands should be placed on ladder rails, not placed on ladder rails, not on rungs, when ascending on rungs, when ascending and descendingand descending

• Maintain 3 point contact at Maintain 3 point contact at all times -- This means both all times -- This means both feet and one hand or one feet and one hand or one foot and both handsfoot and both hands

Safe Ladder UseSafe Ladder Use

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• Use extra Use extra

caution while caution while

climbing in climbing in

windy windy

weatherweather


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• Always climb Always climb

completely past completely past

the landing before the landing before

stepping overstepping over

SafeSafe Ladder UseLadder Use

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• Don’t ““walk” a ladder walk” a ladder (rocking from side to (rocking from side to side to move)side to move)

• Don’t use a stepladder use a stepladder as a straight ladderas a straight ladder

SafeSafe Ladder UseLadder Use

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• Don’t carry tools in carry tools in your hands. your hands. (A tool (A tool pouch or belt should be pouch or belt should be used or tools should be used or tools should be hoisted up) hoisted up)

• Don’t overreach to overreach to either side or lean too either side or lean too far forward or far forward or backwardbackward


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• Don’t use a use a ladder without ladder without locking spreader locking spreader or other device in or other device in placeplace


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• Don’t climb using climb using bracing on back legs of bracing on back legs of step ladderstep ladder

• Don’t attempt to attempt to straighten or use a straighten or use a bent ladder made of bent ladder made of metal or reinforced metal or reinforced plastic--plastic--repairs should be repairs should be made by qualified made by qualified personnelpersonnel


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• Don’t Climb using two highest steps or top of platform


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• Don’t use a defective use a defective ladderladder

• Don’t block a fire exit block a fire exit

• Don’t use a ladder as a use a ladder as a platformplatform

• Don’t use a ladder by use a ladder by more than one personmore than one person


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• Don’t use a ladder if you are use a ladder if you are feeling dizzy, light-headed, are feeling dizzy, light-headed, are excessively tired, on excessively tired, on medication, have recently medication, have recently consumed alcohol or are consumed alcohol or are otherwise temporarily impaired.otherwise temporarily impaired.


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• Always face Always face

ladder when ladder when

ascending, ascending,

descending and descending and

performing workperforming work

Ascending and DescendingAscending and Descending

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• Keep between the Keep between the side rails when side rails when working --your working --your body should be body should be centered on the centered on the ladder so your belt ladder so your belt buckle is between buckle is between the side railsthe side rails


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• Store ladders for easy Store ladders for easy access and inspection.access and inspection.

• Store vertically if Store vertically if possible. If not possible. If not possible, store possible, store horizontally supporting horizontally supporting ladder at several points ladder at several points to avoid saggingto avoid sagging

• Protect ladder from Protect ladder from heat, weather and heat, weather and corrosive materialscorrosive materials

Ladder StorageLadder Storage

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• Do not Do not leave leave ladders ladders where they where they may create may create a tripping or a tripping or fall hazard fall hazard for othersfor others

Ladder StorageLadder Storage

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• Lift ladder using Lift ladder using legs muscles, legs muscles, not backnot back

• Carry holding Carry holding ladder close to ladder close to bodybody

Lifting and CarryingLifting and Carrying

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When carrying ladder:

• Balance center Balance center of ladder on your of ladder on your shouldershoulder

• Position so front Position so front end of ladder is end of ladder is above your head above your head and back end is and back end is near the groundnear the ground


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When ascending and descending stairs, carry ladder with one hand and hold stair rail with the other hand


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• Set ladder down Set ladder down when opening and when opening and closing doorsclosing doors

• Take special care Take special care when negotiating when negotiating corners or turning corners or turning aroundaround


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• When it is necessary When it is necessary for two people to for two people to carry a ladder, both carry a ladder, both should be on the should be on the same side of ladder same side of ladder and both people and both people should walk in step.should walk in step.

• Spikes, hooks or Spikes, hooks or ladder feet should ladder feet should face toward the rear face toward the rear when ladder is being when ladder is being carriedcarried


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What’s Wrong in this Picture?What’s Wrong in this Picture?

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• Climb only as high as the 2nd tread from the top on a step ladder and the 3rd rung from the top on a straight ladder.

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What’s Wrong in this Picture?What’s Wrong in this Picture?

• Do not sit on the ladder and never sit or stand on the top cap of a step ladder – it is not designed to carry your weight.

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Ladder should be opened fully and locking mechanism engaged prior to ascending

What’s Wrong in This Picture?What’s Wrong in This Picture?

Be Safe

Ladders in Construction

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Be Safe OSHA Part number 1910

• These are just a few of the Federal regulations on ladders

• 1910.1053 Ladders• 1910.27 Fixed ladders (Walking

Surfaces)• 1910.25 Portable wood ladders• 1910.26 Portable metal ladders

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Be Safe ANSI Standards

• ANSI A14.1-1990 Safety Requirements for Portable Wood LaddersANSI A14.2-1990 Safety Requirements for Portable Metal LaddersANSI A14.5-1992 Safety Requirements for Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders

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Be Safe Portable Wood Ladders “Materials" -

1910.25(b)(1)

• 1910.25(b)(1)(i) All wood parts shall be free from sharp edges and splinters; sound and free from accepted visual inspection from shake, wane, compression failures, decay, or other irregularities. Low density wood shall not be used.

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Be Safe Portable Wood Ladders

• 1910.25(c)(2) Portable stepladders. Stepladders longer than 20 feet shall not be supplied. Stepladders as hereinafter specified shall be of three types:

• Type I– Industrial stepladder, 3 to 12 feet for heavy duty, such as utilities, contractors, and industrial use.

• Type II– Commercial stepladder, 3 to 12 feet for medium duty, such as painters.and light industrial use.

• Type III– Household stepladder, 3 to 6 feet for light duty, such as light household use.

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• Table 1. In-Line Duty Rating & TypeWorking Loads (pounds)

(Wooden and Metal Ladders) • Extra Heavy Duty - Type IA 300#

• Heavy Duty - Type I 250#

• Medium Duty - Type II 225#

• Light Duty - Type III 200#

General Requirements. 1910.25(c)(2)(i)

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Be SafeGeneral Requirements. 1910.25(c)(2)

(i)

• 1910.25(c)(2)(i)(b) A uniform step spacing shall be employed which shall be not more than 12 inches. Steps shall be parallel and level when the ladder is in position for use.

• 1910.25(c)(2)(i)(c) The minimum width between side rails at the top , inside to inside, shall be not less than 11 ½ inches. From top to bottom, the side rails shall spread at least 1 inch for each foot of length of stepladder.

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If this ladder were to be 6’ high and 11 ½” between rails at the top then it has to be 17 ½” between the rails at the bottom

6’ x 1 = 6” + 11 ½” = 17 ½”

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Be Safe General Requirements. 1910.25(c)(2)

(i)

• 1910.25(c)(2)(i)(c) A metal spreader or locking device of sufficient size and strength to securely hold the front and back sections in open positions shall be a component of each stepladder. The spreader shall have all sharp points covered or removed to protect the user. For Type III ladder, the pail shelf and spreader may be combined in one unit (the so-called shelf-lock ladder).

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Example of pail shelf and spreader combination so called shelf-lock ladder

Metal spreader or locking device

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Be Safe 1910.25(c)(3)

"Portable rung ladders."

• 1910.25(c)(3)(ii)(a) Single Ladders longer than 30 feet shall not be supplied.

• 1910.25(c)(3)(iii)(a) Two-section extension ladders longer than 60 feet shall not be supplied. All ladders of this type shall consist of two sections, one to fit within the side rails of the other, and arranged in such a manner that the upper section can be raised and lowered

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These are two section ladders

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"Sectional ladder."

• 1910.25(c)(3)(iv)(a) Assembled combinations of sectional ladders longer longer than lengths specified in this subdivision shall not be used.

• 1910.25(c)(3)(v)(a) Trestle and Extension Trestle Ladder. Trestle ladders, or extension sections sections or base sections of extension trestle ladders longer than 20 feet shall not be supplied.

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This is a Trestle ladder

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1910.25(c)(4)(ii)(a)

• Painters Stepladder. Painters steplad-ders longer than 12 feet shall not be supplied.

• Mason’s Ladder. A masons ladder is a special type of single ladder intended for use in heavy construction work. Mason’s ladders longer than 40 feet shall not be supplied.

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#1 Top Rest

#2 Pail Shelve

#3 Locking Device

#4 Rungs/Cleat/Steps

#5 Brace

#6 Knee Brace

#7 Safety Feet

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Be Safe 1910.25(d)

"Care and use of ladders" -

• 1910.25 (d) (1) – Care . To insure safety and serviceability the following precautions on the care of ladders shall be observed:

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• 1910.25(d)(1)(i) Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at all times,the joint between the steps and side rails shall be tight, all hardware and fittings attached, and the movable parts shall operate freely without binding or undue play.

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1910.25(d) "Care and use of ladders" -

• 1910.25(d)(1)(x)• Ladders shall be inspected frequently and those

which have developed defects shall be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as “ Dangerous, Do not Use.”

• 1910.25(d)(1)(xi)• Rungs should be kept free of grease and oil.

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Be Safe 1910.25(d)


• 1910.25(d)(1)(ii) Metal bearings of locks wheels, pulleys, etc., shall be frequently lubricated.

• 1910.25(d)(1)(iii) Frayed or badly worn rope shall be replaced.

• 1910.25(d)(1)(iv) Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment shall be keep in good condition to insure proper performance.

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• 1910.25(d)(2) The following safety precautions shall be observed in connection with the use of ladders:

• 1910.25(d)(2)(I) Portable rung and cleat ladders shall, where possible, be used at such a pitch that the horizontal distance from the top support to the top of the ladder is one-quarter of the working length of the ladder (the length of the ladder between the foot and the top support) The ladder shall be placed as to prevent slipping, or it shall be lashed, or held in position. Ladders shall not be used in a horizontal position as platforms, runways, or scaffolds;

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• 1910.25(d)(2)(ii) Ladders for which dimensions are specified should not be used by more than one man at a time nor with ladder jacks and scaffold planks where use by more than one man is anticipated. In such cases, specially designed ladders with larger dimensions of the parts should be procured;

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• 1910.25(d)(2)(iii) Portable ladders shall be so placed that the side rails have a secure footing. The top rest for portable rung and cleat ladders shall be reasonably rigid and shall have ample strength to support the applied load;

• 1910.25(d)(2)(iv) Ladders shall not be placed in front of doors opening toward the ladder unless the door is blocked upon, locked, or guarded.

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• 1910.25(d)(2)(v) Ladders shall not be placed on boxes, barrels, or other usable bases to obtain additional height;

• 1910.25(d)(2)(viii) Ladders with broken or missing steps, rungs, or cleats, broken side rails, or other faulty equipment shall not be used; improvised repairs shall not be made;

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• 1910.25(d)(2)(ix) Short ladders shall not be spliced together to provide long sections;

• 1910.25(d)(2)(x) Ladders made by fastening cleats across a single rail shall not be used;

• 1910.25(d)(2)(xii) Tops of the ordinary types of stepladders shall not be used as steps;

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1910.25(d)(2)(x) Ladders made by fastening cleats across a single rail shall not be used;

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Actually you are not supposed to step either on the top shelve or the next lower step.

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• 1910.25(d)(2)(xiii) On two-section extension ladders the minimum overlap for two sections in use shall be as shown in table 1.

• Overlap required for two-section extension ladders of various lengths.

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Example overlap of two or more sections on an extension ladder.

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• Size of ladder Overlap• (feet) (feet)

• Up to and including 36 3• Over 36 up to and including 48 4• Over 48 up to and including 60 5• 1910.25(d)(2)(xv) No ladder should be used to gain

access to a roof unless the top of the ladder shall extend at least 3 feet above the point of support, at eave, gutter, or roofline;

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Be Safe 1910.25(d) (2) Use

• 1910.25(d)(2)(xvii) Middle and top sections of sectional or window cleaner’s ladder should not be used for bottom section unless the user equips them with safety shoes;

• 1910.25(d)(2)(xix) The user should equip all portable rung ladders with nonslips bases when there is a hazard of. slipping. Non-slip bases are not intended as a substitute for care in safely placing, lashing, or holding a ladder that is being used upon oily, metal, concrete, or slippery surfaces;

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• • Part Number: 1910• • Part Title:Occupational Safety and Health

Standards• • Subpart: D• • Subpart Title: Walking-Working Surfaces• • Standard Number:1910.26•.

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Be Safe Fixed ladders.

• • Part Number: 1910• • Part Title:Occupational Safety and Health

Standards• • Subpart: D• • Subpart Title: Walking-Working Surfaces• • Standard Number:1910.27.

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1910.27(a) Design Requirements

• 1910.27(a)(1) Design considerations. All ladders, appurtenances, and fastenings shall be designed to meet the following load requirements:

• 1910.27(a)(1)(I) The minimum design live load shall be single concentrated load of 200 lbs.

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• 1910.27(a)(1)(ii) The number and position of additional concentrated live-load units of 200 pounds each as determined from anticipated usage of the ladder shall be considered in the design.

• 1910.27(A)(1)(III). The live loads imposed by persons occupying the ladder shall be considered to be concentrated at such points as will cause the maximum stress in the structural member being considered.

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1910.27(a) Design Requirements

• 1910.27(a)(1)(iv) The weight of the ladder and attached appurtenances together with the live load shall be considered in the design of rails and fastenings.

• 1910.27(a)(2) “Design stresses” Design stresses for wood components of ladders shall not exceed those specified in 1910.25. All wood parts of fixed ladders shall meet the requirements of 1910.25(b)

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• 1910.27(a)(2) For fixed ladders consisting of wood side rails and wood rungs or cleats, used at a pitch in the range 75 to 90 degrees, and intended for use by no more than one person per section, single ladders as described in 1910.25(c )(3)(ii) are acceptable.

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– 1910.27(b)(1)• “Rungs and Cleats.”• 1910.27(b)(1)(I) All rungs shall have a

minimum diameter of three-fourths inch for metal ladders, except as covered in paragraph (b)(7)(I) of this section and a minimum diameter of 1 1/8 inches for wood ladders.

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• The distance between rungs, cleats and steps shall not exceed 12 inches and shall be uniform throughout the length of the ladder.

• 1910.27(b)(1) (iii)• The minimum clear length of rungs or cleats

shall be 16 inches.

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• Rungs, cleats, and steps shall be free of splinters, sharp edges, burrs, or projections which may be a hazard.

• 1910.27(b)(1)(v)• The rungs of an individual-rung ladder shall

be so designed that the foot cannot slide off the end .

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Be Safe 1910.27(b)(2)

• “Side rails.” Side rails which might be used as a climbing aid shall be of such cross sections as to afford adequate gripping surface without sharp edges, splinters, or burrs.

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Be Safe 1910.27(b)(3)

• “Fastenings.” Fastening shall be an integral part of fixed ladder design.

• 1910.27(b)(4)• “Splices.” All splices made by whatever means shall

meet design requirements as noted in paragraph (a) of this section. All splices and connections shall have smooth transition with original members and with no sharp or extensive projections.

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• “Electrolytic action” Adequate means shall be employed to protect dissimilar metals from electrolytic action when such metals are joined.

• 1910.27(b)(6)• “Welding” All welding shall be in 90accordance with

the “Code for Welding in Building Construction”(AWSD1.0-1966)

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• Portable Metal Ladders• Portable metal ladders shall not be used near

electrical conductors nor for electrical arc welding operations.

• Construction of portable wood cleated ladders up to 30 feet in length.

1910.27(b)(5)

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1910.27(b)(7)Protection from deterioration

• Metal ladders and appurtenances shall be painted or otherwise treated to resist corrosion and rusting when location demands. Ladders formed by individual metal rungs imbedded in concrete, which serve as access to pits and to other areas under floors, are frequently located in an atmosphere that causes corrosion and rusting. To increase rung life in such atmosphere, individual metal rungs shall have a minimum diameter of 1 inch shall be

painted or otherwise treated to resist corrosion and rusting.

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Be Safe 1910.27(b)(7)(ii)

• Wood ladders, when used under conditions were decay may occur, shall be treated with a nonirritating preservative, and the details shall be such as to prevent or minimize the accumulation of water on wood parts.

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Be Safe 1910.27(b)(7)(iii)

• When different types materials are used in the construction of a ladder, the materials used shall be so treated as to have no deleterious effect one upon the other.

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Be Safe 1910.27(c ) (1)

• “Clearance”• Climbing side . On fixed ladders, the perpendicular, distance

from the centerline of the rungs to the nearest permanent object on the climbing side of the ladder shall be 36 inches for a pitch of 76 degrees, and 30 inches for a pitch of 90 degrees with minimum clearances for intermediate pitches varying between those two limits in proportion to the slope, except as provided in subparagraph (3) and (5) of this paragraph.

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Nearest object 36” for a pitch of 76 degrees

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Be Safe 1910.27(c )(2)

• “Ladders without cages or wells” Ladders equipped with cage or basket are excepted from the provisions of subparagraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph, but shall conform to the provisions of paragraph (1) and (2) of this paragraph, but shall conform to the provisions of paragraph(d)(1)(V) of this section. Fixed ladders in smooth-walled wells are excepted from the provisions of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, but shall conform to the provisions of paragraph (d)(1)(vi) of this section.

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Be Safe 1910.27(c ) (3)

• “Ladders with cages or baskets”. Ladders equipped with cage or basket are excepted from the provisions of subparagraph (1) and (2) of this paragraph but shall conform to the provisions of paragraph (d)(1)(v) of this section. Fixed ladders in smooth-walled wells are excepted from the provisions of subparagraph (1) Of this paragraph, but shall conform to the provisions of paragraph (d) (1)(vi) of this section.

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Be Safe 1910.27(c )(4)

• “Clearance in back of ladder”. The distance from centerline of rungs, cleats, or steps to the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder shall be not less than 7 inches, except that when unavoidable obstructions are encountered, minimum clearances as shown in Fig. D-3 shall be provided.

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Be Safe 1910.27(c )(5)

• “Clearance in back of grab bar”• The distance from the centerline of the grab

bar to the nearest permanent object in back of the grab bars shall be not less than 4 inches. Grab bars shall not protrude on the climbing side beyond the rungs of the ladder which they serve.

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Be Safe 1910.27(c )(5)

• “Clearances in back of grab”. The distance from the centerline of the grab bar to the nearest permanent object in back of the grab shall be not less than 4 inches. Grab bars shall not protrude on the climbing side beyond the rungs of the ladder which they serve.

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Be Safe 1910.27(c )(6)

• “Steps-across distance” The step-across distance from the nearest edge of ladder to the nearest edge of equipment or structure shall be not more than 12 inches, or less than 2 ½ inches (fig.D-4

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Be Safe 1010.27(c )(7)

• “Hatch cover”. Counterweighted hatch covers shall open a minimum of 60 degrees from the horizontal. The distance from the centerline of rungs or cleats to the edge of the hatch opening on the climbing side shall be not less than 24 inches for offset wells or 30 inches for straight wells. There shall be no protruding potential hazards within 24 inches for offsets wells or 30 inches for straight wells. There shall be no protruding potential hazards within 24 inches of the centerline of rungs or cleats shall be fitted with deflector plates at an angle of 60 degrees from the horizontal as indicated in figure D-5. The relationship of a fixed ladder to an acceptable counterweight hatch cover is illustrated in figure D-6.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(1)(iii)

• Cages shall extend a minimum of 42 inches above the top of the landing, unless other acceptable protection is provided.

• 10910.27(d)(1)(v)• Cages shall extend down the ladder to a point not less than 7

feet nor more than 8 feet above the base of the ladder, with bottom flared not less than 4 inches, or portion of cage opposite ladder, with bottom flared not less than 4 inches, or portion of cage opposite ladder shall be carried to the base.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(1)(v)

• Cages shall not extend less than 27 nor more than 28 inches from centerline of the rungs of the ladder. Cage shall not be less than 27 inches in width. The inside shall be clear of projections. Vertical bars shall be located at a maximum spacing of 40 degrees around the circumference of the cage; this will give a maximum spacing of approximately 9 ½ inches, center to center.

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Be Safe 1910.27 (d)(1)(Vi)

• Ladders wells shall have a clear width of at least 15 inches measured each way from centerline of the ladder. Smooth-walled wells shall be a maximum of 27 inches from the centerline of rungs to the well wall on the climbing side of the ladder. Where other obstructions on the climbing side of the ladder. Were other obstructions on the climbing side of the ladder exist, there shall be a minimum of 30 inches from the centerline of the rungs.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(2)

• “ Landing platforms.” When ladders are used to ascend to heights exceeding 20 feet (except on chimneys), landing platforms shall be provided for each 30 feet of height or fraction thereof, except that, where no cage, well, or ladder safety is provided, landing platforms shall be provided for 20 feet of height or fraction thereof. Each ladder section shall be offset from adjacent sections. Where installation conditions ( even for a short, unbroken length ) require that adjacent sections be offset, landing platforms shall be provided at each offset.

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Be Safe 1010.27(d)(2)(I)

• Where a man has to step a distance greater than 12 inches from the centerline of the rung of a ladder to the nearest edge of structure or equipment, a landing platform shall be provided. The minimum step-across distance shall be 2 ½ inches.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(2)(ii)

• All landing platforms shall be equipped with standards railings and toeboards, so arranged as to give safe access to the ladder Platforms shall be not less than 24 inches in width and 30 inches in length.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(2)(iii)

• One rung of any section of ladder shall be located at the level of the landing laterally served by the ladder. Where access to the ladder is trough the ladder, the same rung spacing as used on the ladder shall be used from the landing platform to the first rung below the landing.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(3)

• “Ladder extensions” The side rails of trough or side-step ladder extensions shall extend 3 ½ feet above parapets and landings.For through ladder extensions, the rungs shall be omitted from the extension and shall not have less than 18 nor more than 24 inches clearance between rails. FOR side step or offset fixed ladder section, at landing, the side rails and rungs shall be carried to the next regular rung beyond or above the 3 ½ feet minimum.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(4)

• “Grab bars “ Gab bars shall be spaced by a continuation of the rung spacing when they are located in the horizontal position. Vertical grab bars shall have the same spacing as the ladder side rails. Grab-bar diameters shall be the equivalent of the round-rung diameters shall be the equivalent of the round-rung diameters.

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Be Safe 1910.27(d)(5)

• “ Ladders safety devices” Ladder safety devices may be used on tower, water tank, and chimney ladders over 20 feet in unbroken length in lieu of cage protection. No landing platform is required in these cases. All ladder safety devices such as those that incorporate lifebelts, friction brakes, and sliding attachments shall meet the design requirements of the ladders which they serve.

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Be Safe 1910.27(e)

• “Pitch” • “Preferred Pitch” The preferred pitch of fixed

ladders shall be considered to come in the range of 75 degrees and 90 degrees with the horizontal.

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Be Safe 1910.27(e)(2)

• “Substandard pitch” Fixed ladders shall be considered as substandard if they are installed within the substandard pitch range of 60 and 75 degrees with the horizontal. Substandard fixed ladders are permitted only where it is found to meet conditions of installation. This Substandard pitch range shall be considered as a critical range to be avoided, if possible.

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Be Safe 1910.27(e)(3)

• “Scope of coverage in this section” This section covers only fixed ladders within the pitch range of 60 degrees and 90 degrees with the horizontal.

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Be Safe 1910.27(f)

• “Maintenance” All Ladders shall be maintained in a safe condition. All ladders shall be inspected regularly, with the intervals between inspections being determined by use and exposure

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Be Safe Ladder Safety

• NEVER stand on the top two (2) rungs of ladders and NEVER stand on the top step or platform of a ladder.NEVER place a ladder against an unstable surface.Make sure that the locking device is fully secured on extension ladders before using them.

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• Unless a ladder is designed for additional weight, only one (1) person should be on the ladder.Go up and down a ladder facing the ladder, taking only one (1) step at a time. Hold the side railswith both hands when climbing up or down a ladder. Do not hold on to the rungs when going up or down a ladder.

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• NEVER climb a ladder "one-handed" while carrying something in the other hand. Use a hand line to raise or lower large objects, tools, etc.Keep your body centred between the rails of the ladder and NEVER over-reach when working on ladders.Before using a ladder always check your shoe soles and ladder rungs (or steps) to ensure that they are free of any slippery material (grease, oil, paint, snow, ice, etc.).

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• Do not attempt to reach too high as you may lose your balance.Do not use step-ladders or straight ladders horizontally for platforms or scaffolds.Transport ladders with the feet to the rear and the top of the ladder higher than anyone in front of you.Wet wood ladders conduct electricity and should not be used when working on, with or around electrical equipment or electrical power sources.

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• NEVER "walk" a stepladder while standing on it.NEVER use makeshift items such as a chair, barrel or box, etc., as a substitute ladder.NEVER place a ladder against a window pane or sash. Fasten a board (do not use nails) across the top of the ladder to give a bearing surface at each side of the window.NEVER slide down the side rails of ladders.NEVER use ladders during strong winds or storms except in emergencies, and then only; when they are securely "tied-off".

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Be Safe Common Causes of Ladder Accidents

• Complacency about danger.• Over-reaching.• Fatigue.• Placing ladders on object, to gain height.• Too much haste in climbing or descending.• Climbing one-handed carrying something.• Ladder Slipping at base or top.

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Be Safe Common Causes of Ladder Accidents

• Standing at the very top of a short ladder, rather than getting one long enough for the job.

• Hanging tools from ladder rungs, or leaving tools on the top of the stepladder.

• Throwing tools to a fellow worker on a ladder. • Placing the ladder at an improper angle. • Using metal ladders in locations where contact

with electric wires is possible. • Using worn or damaged ladders. • Failure to secure (tie) the ladder in place.

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Be Safe

Be Safe Ladder Safety. Be Safe US&A (v. 2/07) 2 Choosing Right Equipment -- Ladder or Scaffold? Will the job take only a short amount of time?Will the.

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