-
By Robert Clifford Policy Analyst
New England Public Policy
Center Federal Reserve Bank of
Boston A joint
project of Commonwealth CorporaBon
and New England Public Policy
Center of the Federal Reserve
Bank of Boston
Labor Market Trends in the!Berkshire Region!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
-
Motivation!
§ Understand the long-‐term labor force
challenges facing the regional labor
markets in MassachuseNs.
§ Provide detailed data on labor
supply and demand trends to
support workforce development policy
discussions at a local level.
§ Build off the labor market
development work of Harrington and
Fogg (2008) and the demographics
research of Sasser ModesBno (2009,
2010).
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
2
-
Berkshire!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
OTIS
BECKET
SHEFFIELD SANDISFIELD
MONTEREY
CLARKSBURG
ALFORDTYINGHAM
NEW MARLBOROUGH MOUNT WASHINGTON
GREAT BARRINGTON
EGREMONT
LEE
WES
TST
OC
KBR
IDG
E
STO
CKB
RID
GE
WASHINGTONLENOX
RICHMOND
PERUHINSDALE
PITTSFIELD
WINDSOR
CHESHIRE
DALTON
LANESBOROUGH
HAN
CO
CK
ADAMS
NEW ASHFORD SAVOY
FLORIDANORTH ADAMSWILLIAMSTOWN
3
*
-
Summary!
§ Berkshire has been slower to
recover from the Great Recession
than most other regional labor
markets.
§ An aging workforce, declines in
younger workers, and a shrinking
populaBon will force the region
to confront demographic challenges
sooner than other regions.
§ Despite having smaller shares of
residents and workers with a
Bachelor’s Degree, Berkshire has
post-‐secondary educaBonal aNainment levels
that are comparable to the
state.
§ Slow enrollment growth and declining
degree compleBons may hamper the
regional supply of educated labor.
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
4
-
Outline!
§ Labor Market Performance
§ Labor Supply
§ Labor Demand
§ The Pipeline: EducaBonal Supply of
Post-‐Secondary
Degrees
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
5
-
Labor Market Performance!
§ NaBonal and State Employment Trends
§ Performance of Regional Labor Markets
§ Employment Trends by Industry in
Berkshire and MassachuseNs
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
6
-
Massachusetts is still far below its peak employment levels of
the early 2000’s.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
Q1-2000
Q1-2001
Q1-2002
Q1-2003
Q1-2004
Q1-2005
Q1-2006
Q1-2007
Q1-2008
Q1-2009
Q1-2010
Q1-2011
Q1-2012
Total Non-Agricultural Employment, Q1-2000 to Q2-2012
NBER Recession United States Massachusetts
Through Q2-2012
Index 2000=1
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment
Statistics.
7
-
Berkshire’s employment situation has differed somewhat from that
of Massachusetts in the past decade.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
0.5%
-‐4.3%
1.6%
-‐8.0%
-‐6.0%
-‐4.0%
-‐2.0%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0% Percent Changes in Total
Employment
Q1 2001-‐Q1 2008 Q4 2007-‐Q4 2009
Q4 2009-‐Q4 2011
Sources: Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce
Development (EOLWD), ES-202 and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW).
8
-
Over 50 percent of the region’s employment is concentrated in
just two supersectors.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
31.7% 27.2% 24.3%
19.0% 18.3% 20.7%
8.2% 15.2% 13.6%
13.8% 9.8% 10.5%
7.5% 7.9% 9.1%
4.1% 6.5% 5.9% 4.2% 4.1% 5.8%
5.1% 4.3% 3.5% 4.8% 3.9%
4.5% 1.6% 2.8% 2.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Berkshire MassachuseNs United States
Employment Distribu9on by Supersector,
Q4 2011 InformaBon
ConstrucBon
Other services
Government
Financial AcBviBes
Manufacturing
Leisure & Hospitality
Professional & Business Services
Trade, TransportaBon & UBliBes
EducaBon & Health Services
Sources: Massachusetts EOLWD, ES-202 and U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics, QCEW.
9
-
Between recessions, Berkshire expanded employment in some
industries that were flat or declining statewide.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
-‐50.0% -‐40.0% -‐30.0% -‐20.0%
-‐10.0% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0%
40.0%
Professional & Technical Services
AdministraBve & Support Services
Health Care & Social Assistance
ConstrucBon
Other Services Financial AcBviBes
AccommodaBon & Food Services Arts,
Entertainment & RecreaBon
Retail Trade EducaBonal Services
Government TransportaBon & Warehousing
UBliBes Wholesale Trade
InformaBon Manufacturing
Management of Companies &
Enterprises
Employment Changes, Q1-‐2001 to Q1-‐2008
MassachuseNs Berkshire
Sources: Massachusetts EOLWD, ES-202.
10
-
The Great Recession hit a number of the region’s industries
harder than their counterparts statewide.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
-‐25.0% -‐20.0% -‐15.0% -‐10.0%
-‐5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0%
EducaBonal Services Government
UBliBes Health Care & Social
Assistance
Professional & Technical Services
Other Services
Arts, Entertainment & RecreaBon
Retail Trade
TransportaBon & Warehousing AdministraBve
& Support Services
Financial AcBviBes AccommodaBon &
Food Services
InformaBon Manufacturing ConstrucBon
Wholesale Trade Management of Companies
& Enterprises
Employment Changes, Q4-‐2007 to Q4-‐2009
MassachuseNs Berkshire
63.7%
Sources: Massachusetts EOLWD, ES-202.
11
-
In the recovery to date, the region has continued to lose jobs
in some industries and trail statewide employment gains in
others.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
-‐10.0% -‐5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0%
15.0% 20.0% 25.0%
Wholesale Trade Arts, Entertainment,
& RecreaBon
Retail Trade Government
AdministraBve & Support Services
Management of Companies &
Enterprises
Other Services AccommodaBon & Food
Services Health Care & Social
Assistance
EducaBonal Services Professional &
Technical Services
InformaBon ConstrucBon
UBliBes Manufacturing
Financial AcBviBes TransportaBon &
Warehousing
Employment Changes, Q4-‐2009 to Q4-‐2011
MassachuseNs Berkshire
Sources: Massachusetts EOLWD, ES-202.
12
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Labor Supply!
§ ResidenBal PopulaBon Changes and
CharacterisBcs
§ Age and EducaBon of the
Civilian Labor Force § Trends and
CharacterisBcs of the Unemployed §
CommuBng PaNerns
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
13
-
Berkshire was the only regional labor market to persistently
decline in population over the course of the decade.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
-‐0.3% -‐0.4%
-‐1.5%
-‐1.0%
-‐0.5%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5% Total Residen9al Popula9on Growth
Annual Growth Rate 2000 to
2005-‐2007
Annual Growth Rate 2005-‐2007 to
2008-‐2010
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Decennial Census Public Use
Microdata Samples (PUMS) data files, 2005-2007 and 2008-2010
American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) data
files.
14
-
Growth in immigrant and minority populations was not enough to
offset losses of native born and white, non-Hispanic
residents.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Decennial Census PUMS data files
and 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
2000 2008-‐2010 Absolute
Change
Annual Growth Rate
Resident PopulaBon 114,409 110,614
-‐3,795 -‐0.4% Gender Male 53,993
52,561 -‐1,432 -‐0.3% Female 60,416
58,053 -‐2,363 -‐0.4% Na9vity
NaBve Born 110,266 104,058 -‐6,208
-‐0.6% Immigrant 4,143 6,556
2,413 5.2% Race/Ethnicity White,
non-‐Hispanic 108,671 100,238 -‐8,433
-‐0.9% Black, non-‐Hispanic 1,887
2,591 704 3.6% Asian, non-‐Hispanic
744 1,334 590 6.7% Hispanic
1,722 3,870 2,148 9.4% Other
race, non-‐Hispanic 1,385 2,581
1,196 7.2%
Demographic Characteris9cs of Berkshire
15
-
With nearly 50 percent of the labor force age 45 or older,
Berkshire is one of the oldest labor forces in the state.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Decennial Census PUMS data files
and 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
12.2% 14.1% 12.9% 13.2% 15.2%
14.2%
19.9% 17.4% 23.3% 20.2% 22.7%
21.5%
26.0% 19.1%
27.0% 22.0%
26.8% 22.3%
25.1%
25.9%
22.4% 23.9%
21.8% 23.3%
12.5% 17.7%
10.8% 15.8%
10.2% 14.7%
4.3% 5.8% 3.6% 4.7% 3.3% 4.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000
Berkshire
2008-‐2010
2000
MassachuseNs
2008-‐2010
2000
United
States
2008-‐2010
Age Distribu9on of the Civilian
Labor Force
Age 65+
Age 55-‐64
Age 45-‐54
Age 35-‐44
Age 25-‐34
Age 16-‐24
16
-
This was the result of rapid declines in younger age cohorts
combined with fast growth among older cohorts in the region.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
1.9%
-‐1.2%
-‐3.1%
0.6%
4.2%
3.6%
1.3%
-‐0.6%
-‐1.3%
1.7%
5.4%
3.9%
-‐4.0% -‐3.0% -‐2.0% -‐1.0% 0.0%
1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0%
6.0%
Age 16-‐24
Age 25-‐34
Age 35-‐44
Age 45-‐54
Age 55-‐64
Age 65+
Annual Growth in the Civilian
Labor Force by Age, 2000 to
2008-‐2010
MassachuseNs Berkshire
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Decennial Census PUMS data files
and 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
17
-
Education levels have risen in the past decade, but high school
remains the most common level in attainment in Berkshire.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Decennial Census PUMS data files
and 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
10.6% 7.3% 11.5% 8.7% 15.5%
11.8%
31.6% 30.7% 24.3% 23.5%
26.9% 26.3%
22.3% 23.9%
19.1% 18.7%
23.9% 24.0%
8.5% 7.8%
7.9% 7.9%
7.2% 8.3%
16.1% 18.0% 22.3%
24.4%
17.2% 19.1%
10.9% 12.2% 14.8% 16.8% 9.4%
10.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000
Berkshire
2008-‐2010
2000
MassachuseNs
2008-‐2010
2000
United
States
2008-‐2010
Educa9onal ARainment of the Civilian
Labor Force
Master's degree or more
Bachelor's degree
Associate's degree
Some College, no degree
High School
Less than High School
18
-
The trends in educational attainment and aging leave the region
with potential shortfalls of workers in nearly every category.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
5,000 6,000 7,000
Less than High School
High School
Some College
Associate's Degree
Bachelor's Degree
Master's Degree or more
Educa9onal ARainment of the Working-‐Age
Popula9on (16+) in Berkshire
55-‐64
45-‐54
35-‐44
25-‐34
19
-
As Berkshire’s employment gains have trailed the state, the
region’s unemployment rate has come closer to the state
average.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
10.0%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Unemployment Rates, 2000 to 2011
Berkshire Massachusetts United States
Sources: Massachusetts EOLWD and U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Current Population Survey.
20
-
The unemployed in Berkshire are disproportionally younger and
have lower levels of educational attainment.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
14.1%
29.0%
17.4%
19.3% 19.1%
14.2%
25.9%
19.7%
17.7% 12.2%
5.8% 5.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Civilian Labor Force Unemployed
Age Distribu9on
Age 65+ Age 55-‐64 Age 45-‐54
Age 35-‐44 Age 25-‐34 Age 16-‐24
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
7.3% 16.6%
30.7%
43.7%
23.9%
17.2% 7.8%
3.2% 18.0%
13.6% 12.2%
5.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Civilian Labor Force Unemployed
Educa9on Distribu9on
Master's degree or more Bachelor's
degree Associate's degree Some
College, no degree High School
Less than High School
21
-
Though a large majority of those employed in the region are
residents, Berkshire has a net in-flow of commuters.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
Number Percent of
Total Total number of employed
persons living in Berkshire… 53,061
100.0% …that work in:
Berkshire 48,167 90.8% Pioneer
Valley 2,762 5.2% Other parts
of MassachuseNs 224 0.4% New
York 958 1.8% Vermont 338
0.6% ConnecBcut 335 0.6% Other
places outside MassachuseNs 277
0.5%
Total number of persons working in
Berkshire… 57,834 100.0% …that live
in: Berkshire 48,167
83.3% Pioneer Valley 5,431 9.4%
Other parts of MassachuseNs 282
0.5% New York 2,681 4.6%
Vermont 764 1.3% ConnecBcut 255
0.4% Other places outside
MassachuseNs 254 0.4%
Net in-‐commu9ng
4,773 -‐
22
-
Berkshire is one of only three regional labor markets in the
state that has a net in-flow of workers.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
90.8% 83.3%
-‐40.0%
-‐20.0%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0% Commu9ng PaRerns by Regional
Labor Market
Share of residents that work in
region Share of workers that
live in region Difference (+
net in-‐flow/-‐ net out-‐flow)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
23
-
Labor Demand!
§ EducaBonal ANainment of Employed
§ EducaBonal ANainment and ComposiBon
of Industries and OccupaBons
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
24
-
Nearly two-thirds of the region’s workers have some form of
post-secondary education.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 Decennial Census PUMS data files
and 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
9.8% 6.5% 10.6% 7.6% 14.4%
10.7%
31.2% 28.7% 24.0% 22.7%
26.7% 25.7%
22.5% 25.2%
19.2% 18.6%
24.1% 24.0%
9.0% 8.9%
8.1% 8.2%
7.3% 8.5%
16.9% 18.6% 22.9%
25.4%
17.7% 19.9%
10.7% 12.2% 15.1% 17.5% 9.7%
11.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000
Berkshire
2008-‐2010
2000
MassachuseNs
2008-‐2010
2000
United
States
2008-‐2010
Educa9onal ARainment of Individuals
Employed in Region
Master's degree or more
Bachelor's degree
Associate's degree
Some College, no degree
High School
Less than High School
25
-
Berkshire industries have small shares of employees with a
Bachelor’s Degree or Higher, but large shares of “middle-skill”
workers.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
26.0%
41.6%
39.5%
41.2%
44.5%
33.4%
32.8%
13.9%
27.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Health Care & Social Assistance
Retail Trade
Manufacturing
Educa9onal ARainment of Employees by
Selected Major Industries in
Berkshire
23.0%
42.1%
37.3%
33.2%
33.1%
23.8%
43.8%
24.8%
38.8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Health Care & Social Assistance
Retail Trade
Manufacturing
High School Degree or Less Some
College or Associate's Degree
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Educa9onal ARainment of Employees by
Selected Major Industries in
MassachuseRs
26
-
As a result post-secondary education levels of employees in
Berkshire are much closer to their statewide counterparts.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
36.9%
8.0%
37.9%
60.3%
41.1%
39.0%
39.9%
32.5%
22.0%
53.0%
22.2%
7.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Office & AdministraBve Support
Healthcare PracBBoners & Technical
Sales & Related
ProducBon
Educa9onal ARainment of Employees by
Selected Occupa9ons in Berkshire
35.3%
6.4%
31.5%
65.6%
40.4%
29.9%
31.0%
23.2%
24.3%
63.8%
37.5%
11.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Office & AdministraBve Support
Healthcare PracBBoners &
Sales
ProducBon
High School Degree or Less Some
College or Associate's Degree
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Educa9onal ARainment of Employees by
Selected Occupa9on in MassachuseRs
27
-
The Pipeline: Educational Supply of Post-Secondary Degrees!
§ Enrollment PaNerns
§ Degree CompleBons
§ List of InsBtuBons by Degree
Type
§ Major Fields of Study by Degree
Type
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
28
-
Enrollments at institutions in Berkshire have trailed both state
and national trends in the past decade.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
-‐8.0%
-‐4.0%
0.0%
4.0%
8.0%
12.0%
Berkshire MA US Berkshire
MA US
Annual Growth in Enrollments, 2000
to 2010
Less-‐than-‐Two-‐Year InsBtuBons Two-‐Year
InsBtuBons Four-‐Year InsBtuBons
Part-‐Time Enrollment
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated
Post-Secondary Educational Data System.
Full-‐Time Enrollment
29
-
Berkshire was the only regional labor market seeing a decline in
post-secondary degree or program.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
-‐2.0%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
Berkshire MA US
Annual Growth in Comple9ons, 2000
to 2010
CerBficates Associate's Degrees Bachelor's
Degrees
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated
Post-Secondary Educational Data System.
30
-
There were only five higher education institutions granting
certificates and degrees in 2010.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
InsBtuBon Type Public or
Private
Degrees Awarded
Share of Degree Type Completed in
Region
CerBficates
Mildred Elley School Inc. Less
than Two Year Private 127
64.8%
Berkshire Community College Two Year
Public 69 35.2% NA -‐ -‐
-‐ -‐
Associate's
Berkshire Community College Two Year
Public 221 63.9%
Bard College at Simon's Rock Four
Year Private 125 36.1% NA
-‐ -‐ -‐ -‐
Bachelor's Williams College Four Year
Private 525 58.9%
MassachuseNs College of Liberal Arts
Four Year Public 315 35.3%
Bard College at Simon's Rock Four
Year Private 52 5.8%
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated
Post-Secondary Educational Data System.
Top Ins9tu9ons Gran9ng Degrees in
Berkshire, 2010
31
-
While Certificate completions are volatile, Health Sciences was
consistently the most common field of study in the past
decade.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
0
50
100
150
200
250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Legal EducaBon Business Services Health
Sciences
Annual Cer9ficate Comple9ons by Major
in Berkshire, 2000 to 2010
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated
Post-Secondary Educational Data System.
32
-
Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences accounted for over 50
percent of Associate’s Degrees completed in most years.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
0
100
200
300
400
500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Engineering & Computer Sciences
Services Business Health Sciences
Arts, HumaniBes, & Social
Sciences
Annual Associate’s Degree Comple9ons by
Major in Berkshire, 2000 to
2010
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated
Post-Secondary Educational Data System.
33
-
A large majority of the Bachelor’s Degrees completed in
Berkshire are in Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences.!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
EducaBon Engineering & Computer
Sciences Business Science &
MathemaBcs Arts, HumaniBes, &
Social Sciences
Annual Bachelor’s Degree Comple9ons by
Major in Berkshire, 2000 to
2010
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated
Post-Secondary Educational Data System.
34
-
Summary!
§ The Great Recession conBnues to
weigh on the region with slow
employment growth and elevated
unemployment.
§ While Berkshire has a lower
share of residents and workers
with a Bachelor’s Degree, the
region has a larger share of
workers with “middle-‐skills” relaBve
to MassachuseNs.
§ With one of the oldest labor
forces in the state, large
declines of younger workers, and
liNle change in the regional
supply of post-‐secondary educated
labor, demographics present a
challenge for the Berkshire regional
labor market.
§ Given such trends, what should
be done to ensure the future
economic vitality of the Berkshire
region moving forward?
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
35
-
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Thank You
!
[email protected]!!
www.bostonfed.org/neppc!
-
Key Industries in the “Innovation Economy”:
Information and
Professional & Technical Services!
September 27, 2012 Labor Market
Trends in the Berkshire Region
Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2008-2010 ACS PUMS data files.
23.9%
10.2%
24.7%
18.1%
51.4%
71.7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Berkshire
MassachuseNs
High School Degree or Less Some
College or Associate's Degree
Bachelor's Degree or Higher
Educa9onal ARainment of Employees by
in the Innova9on Industries
5.8% 11.0%
94.2% 89.0%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Berkshire MassachuseNs
Innova9on Industries Share of Employment
Other Industries
InnovaBon Industries
3.9%
-‐0.1%
-‐2.2%
-‐3.7%
-‐6.0% -‐4.0% -‐2.0% 0.0% 2.0%
4.0% 6.0%
MassachuseNs
Berkshire
Changes in Employment in Innova9on
Industries
Q4 2007-‐Q4 2009
Q4 2009-‐Q4 2011
37