Lab 4 Membrane

8/18/2019 Lab 4 Membrane

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY II

(CHE523)

NAME : MUHAMAD ARIFF BIN AMIR HAMZAH

STUDENT NO : 20132!1!"

GROU# : EH220 3CE$#ERIMENT : E$#ERIMENT ": MEMBRANE SE#ARATION

DATE #ERFORMED : 22 SE#TEMBER 201"

SEMESTER : SEMESTER 3

#ROGRAMME%CODE : EH220

SUBMIT TO : MISS NORHAYATI

No Title Allocated Marks (%) Marks

1 Abstract/Suar! 5

2 "#troductio# 5

3 Ais 5

" T$eor! 55 Aaratus 5

Met$odolo&!/'rocedure 10

& Results 10

' Calculatio#s 10

! iscussio# 20

10 Co#clusio# 10

11 Recoe#datio#s 5

12 Reere#ce 5

13 Ae#di* 5

100 TOTAL MARKS

Rearks+

C$ecked b!+

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

ate+

0


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

N T*+, #-./

1 A-, 2

2 I46,+4 23 O7/,+8/ 3

" T9/ "

5 A**--6 5

E;*/+


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i#esti&ate t$e ereabilit! o eac$ o t$e - ebra#es, ro t$e results obtai#ed.

ebra#e -. $ic$ co#sist o ' 100 ('4) aterial. &ae t$e lar&est ass lorate. $ile

ebra#e 1. $ic$ co#sists o AC 55 ('ol!aide il) aterial. &ae t$e loest ass

lorate. co#cludi#& t$at ebra#e 1 $as t$e loest ereabilit!. $ile ebra#e - $as t$e

$i&$est ereabilit!,

INTRODUCTION

Mebra#e searatio# is a searatio# rocess i# $ic$ certai# selected olecules are

searated ia ores i# a olecular arra#&ee#t o a co#ti#uous structure. or also k#o# as

ebra#e, T$e c$aracteristics o t$e ebra#e itsel deteri#e t$e eectie#ess o t$e

searatio# rocess, Mebra#e searatio# rocess is idel! used i# t$e orld o i#dustr!,

Ma#! i#dustrial rocesses use t$is tec$#iue as it ca# ru# it$out i#oli#& $eati#& rocess.

t$us co#sues less e#er&!, Soe e*ales o ebra#e searatio# rocess are reerse

ososis. ultrailtratio# a#d icroiltratio#,

Si#ce it does #ot reuire $eat e#er&!. t$e oeratio# costs are relatiel! loer

coared to t$eral searatio# rocesses. suc$ as cr!stalli6atio# a#d distillatio# rocess,

ue to its loer cost. t$is rocess $as becoe a# eicie#t alter#atie to ot$er re&ular a#d

co#e#tio#al searatio# rocesses Also. as t$ere is #o $eat e#er&! i#oled. t$is rocess is

suitable or searatio# i#oli#& $eat or t$eral se#sitie roducts, T$ere are seeral t!es o

ebra#es, irst. is a orous ebra#e, T$ese ebra#es are usuall! alied or &as

i*ture searatio# rocesses, "# orous ebra#es. t$e co#stitue#ts diuse it$ t$e ressure

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diere#ce acti#& as t$e drii#& orce. ro $i&$ ressure re&io# to a loer ressure re&io#,

A#ot$er t!e o ebra#e is a ol!er ebra#e, T$ese are #o#7orous ebra#es, T$is

t!e o ebra#e is idel! used i# t$e i#dustrial orld,

OBJECTIVE

T$e ob8ectie o t$is e*erie#t is to carr! out a c$aracteristic stud! o# - diere#t

t!es o ebra#es. a#d t$eir ereabilit! it$ dilute sodiu c$loride solutio#,

THEORY

"# t$is e*erie#t. - diere#t t!es o ebra#es ere used to deteri#e t$eir

c$aracteristics. i# seciic. t$eir ereabilit!, T$e - ebra#es are ade u o t$e olloi#&

aterials+

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7 Mebra#e 1+ AC 55 ('ol!aide il)

7 Mebra#e 2+ AC -0 ('ol!aide il)

7 Mebra#e 3+ CA 202 (Cellulose acetate)

7 Mebra#e -+ ' 100 ('4)

or t$is e*erie#t. t$e Mebra#e Searatio# 9#it as used to carr! out t$e

e*erie#t, T$is u#it is ade u o a cole* ieli#e s!ste, T$ere are - ai# ieli#es.

$ic$ i#dicate t$e - ebra#es used or t$is e*erie#t, A CAT Trile 'lu#&er 'u as

used to u t$e sale solutio# ro t$e eed ta#k i#to t$e ebra#e a#d t$rou&$out t$e

e#tire desiated ieli#e, 4ales ere used to co#trol t$e luid lo t$rou&$out t$e s!ste,

T$e table rerese#ts eac$ ebra#e a#d t$eir resectie ales+

Mebra#e :e# ale Sali#& 4ales Rete#tate co#trol ale

Closed :e#

1 4; 411 415 41<

2 4= 412 420 41>

3 45 413 421 41;

- 410 41- 422 41=

Sali#& ales are ad8usted $e# t$e sale solutio# is to be collected. i# order to

calculate t$e ass lorate, T$e rete#tate co#trol ale is or ad8usti#& t$e ressure i#side t$e

s!ste to t$e correso#di#& ressure or eac$ ebra#e,

As or t$e ebra#es. t$e - ebra#es. $ic$ are i# a tube or. are $oused i#side

a ',C," Si#&le7tube Tester. $ic$ is located as t$e to7iddle o t$e u#it, T$is Tester is

desied or t$e uick a#d sile stud! o ebra#e t!es at t$e laborator! scale, T$e oe#

c$a##el. $i&$l! turbule#t lo desi e#ables arious luids a#d solutio#s to be co#ce#trated,

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or t$e deteri#atio# o t$e ereabilit! o eac$ o t$e ebra#es. t$e ass

lorate o eac$ o t$e - streas ere easured,

A##ARATUS

T$e olloi#& aaratus a#d euie#t ere used to co#duct t$is e*erie#t+

7 Mebra#e Searatio# 9#it

7 Stoatc$. to easure lorate

7 Electro#ic bala#ce. to easure ei&$t o ereate roduced

E$#ERIMENTAL #ROCEDURE

1, T$e &e#eral start7u rocedures are carried out beore co#ducti#& t$e e*erie#t,

2, T$e e*erie#t or Mebra#e 1 is started, 4ales 42. 4


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12

3 45 413 421 41; 10

- 410 41- 422 41= =,<

?@$e# collecti#& sales. ales 411. 412. 413 a#d 41- or eac$ resectie

ebra#e are closed a#d ales 415. 420. 421 a#d 422 or eac$ resectie

ebra#e are oe#ed, " #ot. t$e ales are set t$e ot$er a! arou#d,

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RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

Tie

(i#s)

@ei&$t o ereate (&ra)

Mebra#e 1 Mebra#e 2 Mebra#e 3 Mebra#e -

1,0 3,=2 15,;3 ,-2

2,0 55,>1 11=,>3 33,2

3,0 1-2,52 1;>,=2 -=,33 1>23,-,=0 215,,>0 33;=,>;

;,0 310,51 -0-,;1 113,21 352>,=;

=,0 3-,2< 125,,


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G-*9 > */


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C: M/


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E: C


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C-=,6=-+4 > =?-/:

ro t$e &ra$s lotted. t$e ass lorate ca# be deteri#ed, T$e &radie#t o t$e

&ra$s rerese#t t$e ass lorate (&/i#) or eac$ ebra#e, T$e orula or &radie#t is+

gradient ,m= ( y2− y1)

( x2− x

1)

@$ere+

7 !2 a#d !1 are alues o ereate ei&$t (i# &ras)

7 *2 a#d *1 are alues o tie (i# i#utes)

A: M/


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D: M/


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'C" Mebra#e list. AC55. AC-0. CA 202 a#d '100 $ae a $!dro$ilicit! alue o 3. -. <

a#d 1 resectiel!,

ro t$is data. e ca# obsere t$at CA 202 Cellulose Acetate $as t$e $i&$est alue o

$!dro$ilicit!. $ile '100 '4 $as t$e loest, ro t$is. it ca# be said t$at CA 202

Cellulose Acetate $as t$e $i&$est ater absortio# rate. as it is t$e ost $!dro$ilic. a#d

'100 '4 $as t$e loest ater absortio# rate. as it is t$e least $!dro$ilic, Relati#& t$is

to t$e results obtai#ed ro t$e e*erie#t. t$e assutio#s e#tio#ed are uite relea#t,

T$e lorate or ebra#e 3. $ic$ is CA 202 Cellulose Acetate. is t$e loest ao#& t$e -

ebra#es, T$is co#cludes t$at or ebra#e 3. t$e rate o ater absortio# duri#& iltratio#

rocess is $i&$. t$us resulti#& i# a lo ater re8ectio# rate, :# t$e ot$er $a#d. t$e lorate

or ebra#e -. $ic$ is '100. is t$e $i&$est ao#& t$e - ebra#es, T$is co#cludes t$at

or ebra#e -. t$e ater i# t$e sale solutio# is bei#& absorbed at a er! lo rate duri#&

iltratio# rocess. due to its c$aracteristic o lo $!dro$ilicit!. t$us resulti#& i# a er! $i&$

ater re8ectio# rate,

As or ebra#es 1 a#d 2. t$e $!dro$ilicit! alues obtai#ed ro t$e data table are

relea#t to t$e lorate alues obtai#ed duri#& t$e e*erie#t, Mebra#e 1 a#d 2 $ae a

$!dro$ilicit! alue o 3 a#d - resectiel!. ea#i#& it is i# betee# ebra#es 3 a#d -,

Reerri#& to t$e lorates or ebra#es 1 a#d 2. t$e relatio# ade is relea#t. t$at is t$e

lorate alues are i# betee# t$e lorate alues or ebra#es 3 a#d -,

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T$e seco#d c$aracteristic $ic$ is take# i#to co#sideratio# is sole#t resista#ce o

ebra#e, Sole#t resista#ce is t$e abilit! o a substa#ce to it$sta#d e*osure ro

sole#ts a#d t$eir eects o# t$at substa#ce, ro t$e table o 'C" ebra#es i#oratio#.

ao#& t$e - ebra#es used i# t$is e*erie#t. Mebra#e 3. CA 202 Cellulose Acetate $as

t$e loest sole#t resista#ce, ro t$is. it ca# be said t$at t$is ebra#e $as t$e eakest

dee#se a&ai#st t$e sale sole#t, T$ereore. ost o t$e sole#t $ic$ asses t$rou&$ t$is

ebra#e ill be absorbed b! t$e ebra#e. due to its $i&$ $!dro$ilicit!. as stated beore

t$is, T$is is relatable to t$e ass lorate obtai#ed or ebra#e 3. $ic$ is t$e loest

ao#& all ebra#es, :# t$e ot$er $a#d. ebra#e -. ' 100 '4 $as t$e $i&$est sole#t

resista#ce ao#& t$e - ebra#es, T$is ea#s t$at it $as a stro#& dee#seD toards t$e

sole#t. t$us #ot uc$ absortio# ca# occur i# t$is ebra#e, 'lus. as discussed beore t$is.

ebra#e - $as t$e loest $!dro$ilicit! o 1. t$us decreasi#& t$e absortio# rate, As a

result o t$ese to c$aracteristics. t$e sole#t re8ectio# rate ro t$is ebra#e is t$e

$i&$est, T$is is accurate it$ t$e results obtai#ed. t$at is ebra#e - &ies t$e lar&est alue

o lorate. e*ceedi#& be!o#d t$e lorates o t$e ot$er t$ree ebra#es,

or t$e reai#i#& to ebra#es. ebra#e 1 a#d ebra#e 2. t$ese to $ae

oderate sole#t resista#ce. $i&$er t$a# ebra#e 3. but less t$a# ebra#e -, T$is

co#ditio# is er! siilar to t$e co#ditio# $e# coari#& t$e $!dro$ilicit! discussed aboe,

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As ebra#es 1 a#d 2 $ae sole#t resista#ce i# betee# ebra#es 3 a#d -. t$e lorates

o t$ese to ebra#es are also i# betee# t$e lorates o t$e ot$er to ebra#es,

CONCLUSION

"# co#clusio#. ebra#e -. $ic$ is ade u o '100 '4. s$os t$e $i&$est

alue o ass lorate ater iltratio# rocess. &ii#& a alue o


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RECOMMENDATION

T$ere are a e recoe#datio#s a#d recautio#s t$at $ae to be co#sidered $e#

co#ducti#& t$is e*erie#t+

1, @$e# setti#& t$e a*iu orki#& ressure as stated i# Ste 3 i# t$e rocedure.

e#sure t$at t$e ressure is at 20 bars, T$is is to e#sure t$e rocess i#side t$e u#it ru#s

soot$l!, " t$e ressure e*ceeds 20 bars. t$e ebra#e structure ill be altered. t$us

aecti#& t$e results obtai#ed, :# t$e ot$er $a#d. i t$e ressure is belo 20 bars. t$e

ebra#e ill #ot be able to carr! out t$e rocess eicie#tl!. also aecti#& t$e i#al

results obtai#ed,

2, @$e# oerati#& t$e lu#&er u i# t$e e*erie#t. e#sure t$at t$e co#ditio# i# t$e

s!ste is #ot i# dr! co#ditio#, To e#sure t$is. at t$e start o t$e e*erie#t. ake sure

t$at ale 42 is oe#ed,

3, @$e# co#ducti#& t$e ste o recordi#& t$e ei&$t o ereate or eac$ ebra#e.

alert ust be take#, T$e readi#& o ei&$t ill co#ti#uousl! i#crease raidl!. t$us at

eac$ o#e i#ute i#teral. t$e readi#& o t$e bala#ce ust be obsered careull!,

Ne&lecti#& t$is recautio# a! cause a# eect o# t$e results obtai#ed or t$e ass

lorate,

-, @$e# collecti#& t$e sale or ebra#e -. t$ere are seeral recautio#s or t$is

ste, T$e ater re8ectio# rate or ebra#e - is relatiel! $i&$. t$us t$e beaker used

or ei&$i#& sale $as a ossibilit! to oerlo, E*tra care a#d alert ust be take#.

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to e#sure t$at t$ere is #o silla&e. a#d t$e ei&$t o t$e sale ereate is recorded

correctl!,


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5. Composites and Plastics. (n.d.). Retrieved from

tt$"''%om$o!ite.abo*t.%om'&ibrar+',&o!!ar+'!'b&def!5034.tm

A##ENDI$

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i&ure 1+ Mebra#e Test 9#it (source ro

$tt+//,solutio#,co,!/telates/E#iro#e#tal1,$tl)

i&ure 2+ 'lacee#t o beaker $e# taki#& ereate sale

i&ure 3+ 4ales 4;. 4=. 45 a#d 410 t$e e#tr! ales or Mebra#es 1. 2. 3 a#d -

resectiel!

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http://www.solution.com.my/templates/Environmental1.htmlhttp://www.solution.com.my/templates/Environmental1.html


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i&ure >+ Rete#tate co#trol ales. 41. 41; a#d 41= or ebra#es 1. 2. 3 a#d -

resectiel!,

i&ure ;+ Co#trol a#el ai# sitc$. teerature a#d ressure readi#&s are located $ere

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i&ure

Lab 4 Membrane

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