KSL ATP 105 TOPIC 1 Ethics, a philosophical inquiry

KSL ATP 105 2015 PE TOPIC 1

PHILOSOPHY PRESENTED BY

CHARLES B G OUMA & EUNICE ARWA

Topic Content

1. Philosophy Defined

2. Fields of philosophical inquiry/branches of philosophy

Metaphysics

Epistemology

Ethics

Politics

Logic

Aesthetics

3. Discipline specific philosophy

4. Philosophical traditions

Topic Objectives

• At the end of this topic the participant should be able to

Define ‘philosophy’

Distinguish the philosophical inquiry from other forms of inquiry

Discuss various concepts of philosophy

Distinguish between various epistemological theories

Distinguish between different philosophical traditions

Demonstrate the practical utility of studying philosophy by discussing the LSK and KSL dress code using the theories, concepts and methodology of philosophy

Learning Resources

1. This presentation

2. Dr Tom Namwamba : Ethics a philosophical inquiry

3. Philosophy from Wikipedia

4. Murray, Patrick Eoghan. "Constitutional Challenges to Gender-Restrictive School Dress Codes in the Ninth Circuit." The Modern American 8, no. 1 (2013): 18-28.

5. Andrew Barney Khakula v Law Society Of Kenya & Another[2013]eKLR

6. LSK dress code 2013

7. KSL dress code 2014

Part 1

Definitions

What is philosophy?

Philosophy

An academic discipline

A set of views

What is philosophy?

• When considered as an academic discipline, ‘philosophy’ is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence,

• But it can also be seen as a set of views and theories of a particular philosopher concerning such study or an aspect of it

• It can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group"

What is philosophy?

• From Wikipedia

• Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language

• In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group

What is philosophy?

• Quite literally, the term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom." In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other. http://philosophy.fsu.edu/content/view/full/36588

What is philosophy?

• A philosophy is a comprehensive system of ideas about human nature and the nature of the reality we live in.

Topic 2 Philosophy

Philosophy distinguished from other forms of inquiry

Part Objectives

• At the end of this part, the participant should be able to

Distinguish between the different forms of inquiry

Justify the choice of philosophy as the most appropriate method of inquiry in the study of ethics

Use the philosophical method to inquire into ethical issues

Philosophy distinguished from other forms of inquiry

• Philosophy can also be seen as a method of inquiry

• Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing the problems it seeks to address b by:-

1. Its critical, generally systematic approach and;

2. Its reliance on rational argument

3. Its rejection of dogma

Philosophy distinguished from other forms of inquiry

• Philosophy can distinguished from

Science

Religion

Superstition

Philosophy distinguished from science

• Similarity • The history of the modern sciences begins with

philosophical inquiries, and the scientific method of experimentation and proof remains an instance of the general approach that a philosopher tries to bring to a question: one that is logical and rigorous.

• Distinction • However, while today the sciences focus on specialized

inquiries in restricted domains, the questions addressed by philosophy remain the most general and most basic, the issues that underlie the sciences and stand at the base of a worldview

Philosophy distinguished from Religion

• Religions differ from philosophies not in the subjects they address, but in the method they use to address them.

• Religions have their basis in mythic stories that pre-date the discovery of explicitly rational methods of inquiry.

• Many religions nowadays appeal to mystical faith and revelation—modes of belief that claim validity independent of logic and the scientific method, at least for the biggest questions.

• But most religions are in their origins pre-rational rather than anti-rational

Part 3

Fields of Philosophical inquiry

Part Objectives

• At the end of this part the participant should be able to

Discuss the various theories of philosophy and ethics

Distinguish between the theories

Categorise the theories

Chose the most appropriate the most appropriate theory to explain normative ethical propositions

Branches of Philosophy

• Those who study philosophy are perpetually

engaged in asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to life’s most basic questions.

• To make such a pursuit more systematic philosophy, as a discipline , is traditionally divided into five major areas of study.

Branches of philosophy

Philosophy

Metaphysics

Realism

Idealism

Epistemology

Logic

Syllogism

Validity

Soundness

Idealism

Theism/Atheism

Rationalism

Evidentialism

Reliabilism

Realism

Theism/Atheism

Empiricism

Evidentialism

Skepticism

Atheists

Evidentialism

Empiricism

Evidentialism

Solipsism

Atheists/theist

Empiricism

Reliabilism

Evidentialism

Politics Aesthetics Ethics

Metaphysics

Metaphysics

Ontology Theology Cosmology

Epistemology

Epistemology

Logic

Inductive Deductive

Syllogism

Validity

Soundness

Idealism

Rationalism

Reliabilism

Theism

Realism

Atheism

Empiricism

Evidentialism

Skepticism

Coherentism

Foundationalism

Infinitism

Atheists

Empiricism

Evidentialism

Theism

Faith

Reliabilism

Solipsism

Theories of ethics

Ethics

Metaethics

Metaphysical issues

Objectivism

Realism

Psychological

Egoism and altruism

Emotion and reason

Male and female

Normative ethics

Axiology Virtue ethics

Plato Aristotle et al

Theory of moral obligation

Duty ethics

Pufendorf

Rights based

Emmanuel Kant

Ross

Consequentialism

Egoism Altruism Utilitarianism

Act Utilitarianism

Rule Utilitarianism

Hedonistic utilitarianism

Ethical egoism

Applied ethics

Professional ethics

Legal ethics

Theories of ethics-meta ethics

Meta-ethics

Metaphysical issues

Objectivism Relativism

Individual

Cultural

Psychological issues

Egoism and Altruism

Emotion and Reason

Male and female morality

Theories of normative ethics Legal Ethics

Metaethics Applied ethics Normative ethics

Axiology Theory of moral

obligation

Duty ethics

Pufendorf

Rights based

Kant

Ross

Consequentialism

Egoism Altruism Utilitarianism

Act Utilitarianism

Rule Utilitarianism

Hedonistic utilitarianism

Virtue ethics

Consequentialism

Consequentialism

What counts? Who benefits?

Agent centered

Human centered

Who judges?

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism

Act Utilitarianism

Rule Utilitarianism

Negative Utilitarianism

Preference Utilitarianism

Total Utilitarianism

Average Utilitarianism

Egoism

Egoism

Psychological Egoism

Rational Egoism

Ethical Egoism

Situational Ethics

Situational Ethics

Legalism Anti-

nomianism Situationism

situational neo-casuistry

existential ethics

Consequentialism

ethical relativism

moral nihilism.

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Tasks • Discuss the LSK and KSL dress codes using the

philosophical method, theories and concepts

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KSL ATP PE 2015

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION

From Your Course Facilitators

Charles B G Ouma & Eunice Arwa

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END OF PRESENTATION

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WELCOME

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