KSL ATP 105 2015 PE TOPIC 1 PHILOSOPHY PRESENTED BY CHARLES B G OUMA & EUNICE ARWA
Dec 16, 2015
KSL ATP 105 2015 PE TOPIC 1
PHILOSOPHY PRESENTED BY
CHARLES B G OUMA & EUNICE ARWA
Topic Content
1. Philosophy Defined
2. Fields of philosophical inquiry/branches of philosophy
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Ethics
Politics
Logic
Aesthetics
3. Discipline specific philosophy
4. Philosophical traditions
Topic Objectives
At the end of this topic the participant should be able to
Define philosophy
Distinguish the philosophical inquiry from other forms of inquiry
Discuss various concepts of philosophy
Distinguish between various epistemological theories
Distinguish between different philosophical traditions
Demonstrate the practical utility of studying philosophy by discussing the LSK and KSL dress code using the theories, concepts and methodology of philosophy
Learning Resources
1. This presentation
2. Dr Tom Namwamba : Ethics a philosophical inquiry
3. Philosophy from Wikipedia
4. Murray, Patrick Eoghan. "Constitutional Challenges to Gender-Restrictive School Dress Codes in the Ninth Circuit." The Modern American 8, no. 1 (2013): 18-28.
5. Andrew Barney Khakula v Law Society Of Kenya & Another[2013]eKLR
6. LSK dress code 2013
7. KSL dress code 2014
Part 1
Definitions
What is philosophy?
Philosophy
An academic discipline
A set of views
What is philosophy?
When considered as an academic discipline, philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence,
But it can also be seen as a set of views and theories of a particular philosopher concerning such study or an aspect of it
It can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group"
What is philosophy?
From Wikipedia
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language
In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group
What is philosophy?
Quite literally, the term "philosophy" means, "love of wisdom." In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other. http://philosophy.fsu.edu/content/view/full/36588
What is philosophy?
A philosophy is a comprehensive system of ideas about human nature and the nature of the reality we live in.
Topic 2 Philosophy
Philosophy distinguished from other forms of inquiry
Part Objectives
At the end of this part, the participant should be able to
Distinguish between the different forms of inquiry
Justify the choice of philosophy as the most appropriate method of inquiry in the study of ethics
Use the philosophical method to inquire into ethical issues
Philosophy distinguished from other forms of inquiry
Philosophy can also be seen as a method of inquiry
Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing the problems it seeks to address b by:-
1. Its critical, generally systematic approach and;
2. Its reliance on rational argument
3. Its rejection of dogma
Philosophy distinguished from other forms of inquiry
Philosophy can distinguished from
Science
Religion
Superstition
Philosophy distinguished from science
Similarity The history of the modern sciences begins with
philosophical inquiries, and the scientific method of experimentation and proof remains an instance of the general approach that a philosopher tries to bring to a question: one that is logical and rigorous.
Distinction However, while today the sciences focus on specialized
inquiries in restricted domains, the questions addressed by philosophy remain the most general and most basic, the issues that underlie the sciences and stand at the base of a worldview
Philosophy distinguished from Religion
Religions differ from philosophies not in the subjects they address, but in the method they use to address them.
Religions have their basis in mythic stories that pre-date the discovery of explicitly rational methods of inquiry.
Many religions nowadays appeal to mystical faith and revelationmodes of belief that claim validity independent of logic and the scientific method, at least for the biggest questions.
But most religions are in their origins pre-rational rather than anti-rational
Part 3
Fields of Philosophical inquiry
Part Objectives
At the end of this part the participant should be able to
Discuss the various theories of philosophy and ethics
Distinguish between the theories
Categorise the theories
Chose the most appropriate the most appropriate theory to explain normative ethical propositions
Branches of Philosophy
Those who study philosophy are perpetually
engaged in asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to lifes most basic questions.
To make such a pursuit more systematic philosophy, as a discipline , is traditionally divided into five major areas of study.
Branches of philosophy
Philosophy
Metaphysics
Realism
Idealism
Epistemology
Logic
Syllogism
Validity
Soundness
Idealism
Theism/Atheism
Rationalism
Evidentialism
Reliabilism
Realism
Theism/Atheism
Empiricism
Evidentialism
Skepticism
Atheists
Evidentialism
Empiricism
Evidentialism
Solipsism
Atheists/theist
Empiricism
Reliabilism
Evidentialism
Politics Aesthetics Ethics
Metaphysics
Metaphysics
Ontology Theology Cosmology
Epistemology
Epistemology
Logic
Inductive Deductive
Syllogism
Validity
Soundness
Idealism
Rationalism
Reliabilism
Theism
Realism
Atheism
Empiricism
Evidentialism
Skepticism
Coherentism
Foundationalism
Infinitism
Atheists
Empiricism
Evidentialism
Theism
Faith
Reliabilism
Solipsism
Theories of ethics
Ethics
Metaethics
Metaphysical issues
Objectivism
Realism
Psychological
Egoism and altruism
Emotion and reason
Male and female
Normative ethics
Axiology Virtue ethics
Plato Aristotle et al
Theory of moral obligation
Duty ethics
Pufendorf
Rights based
Emmanuel Kant
Ross
Consequentialism
Egoism Altruism Utilitarianism
Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Hedonistic utilitarianism
Ethical egoism
Applied ethics
Professional ethics
Legal ethics
Theories of ethics-meta ethics
Meta-ethics
Metaphysical issues
Objectivism Relativism
Individual
Cultural
Psychological issues
Egoism and Altruism
Emotion and Reason
Male and female morality
Theories of normative ethics Legal Ethics
Metaethics Applied ethics Normative ethics
Axiology Theory of moral
obligation
Duty ethics
Pufendorf
Rights based
Kant
Ross
Consequentialism
Egoism Altruism Utilitarianism
Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Hedonistic utilitarianism
Virtue ethics
Consequentialism
Consequentialism
What counts? Who benefits?
Agent centered
Human centered
Who judges?
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism
Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Negative Utilitarianism
Preference Utilitarianism
Total Utilitarianism
Average Utilitarianism
Egoism
Egoism
Psychological Egoism
Rational Egoism
Ethical Egoism
Situational Ethics
Situational Ethics
Legalism Anti-
nomianism Situationism
situational neo-casuistry
existential ethics
Consequentialism
ethical relativism
moral nihilism.
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Tasks Discuss the LSK and KSL dress codes using the
philosophical method, theories and concepts
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KSL ATP PE 2015
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION
From Your Course Facilitators
Charles B G Ouma & Eunice Arwa
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END OF PRESENTATION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WELCOME
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