Krok 1 - 2012 Question Paper (Pharmacy)

Krok 1 Pharmacy 2012 1

1. Microscopic examination ofabsorption zone of primary root cortexrevealed that it consisted mainly ofloose multilayer living parenchyma withamyloid granules. It is called:

A. MesodermB. EndodermC. ExodermD. CollenchymeE. Phellogene

2. An excess of concentrated ammoni-um hydroxide is a group reagent for thecations of the VI analytical group (acid-base classification) Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+,Cu2+, Hg2+. In this case the followingsubstances are formed:

A. Water-soluble ammonia complexesB. Hydroxides of acid-soluble cationsC. Stained, water-insoluble compoundsD. Hydroxides of alkali-soluble cationsE. Hydroxides of the cations insoluble inthe excess of ammonium hydroxide

3. Both external and internal indicatorsare used in the following titrimetricmethod of analysis

A. NitritometryB. AlkalimetryC. ChelatometryD. PermanganatometryE. Argentometry

4. Which of the listed reactions indicatesthe basic properties of pyridine?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

5. Estimation of temperature of phasetransition at different pressures is ofgreat practical importance for modernpharmaceutical industry and can be doneby applying:

A. Clapeyron-Clausius equationB. Trouton’s ruleC. Gibbs’ phase ruleD. Mendeleev-Clapeyron equationE. Konovalov law

6. A patient with ischemic heart diseasehas been administered inosine, which is anintermediate metabolite in the synthesisof:

A. Purine nucleotidesB. MetalloproteinsC. LipoproteinsD. GlycoproteinsE. Ketone bodies

7. Examination of the lower limbs of a40-year-old patient with coronary arterydisease and vascular disease of thelower limbs (obliterating endarteritis)revealed skin pallor and dystrophy, localtemperature decrease, sense shock, pain.The patient is likely to have the followingdisorder of the peripheral blood circulati-on:


A. Obstruction ischemiaB. Compression ischemiaC. Angiospastic ischemiaD. Venous hyperaemiaE. Arterial hyperaemia

8. A patient has been found to have sugarin the urine. Blood glucose is normal.Arterial pressure is normal. What is themechanism of glycosuria development inthis case?

A. Disturbance of glucose reabsorption inthe nephron tubulesB. Insulin deficiencyC. Hyperfunction of adrenal medullaD. Hyperfunction of thyroid glandE. Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex

9. What compound is formed by heatingα-hydroxypropionic acid?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

10. Rates of chemical reactions of thesame order are compared by:

A. Constant of chemical reaction rateB. Chemical reaction rateC. Endpoint of a reactionD. Change in the reactants concentrationE. Change in the concentration of thereaction products

11. Amylolytic enzymes catalyze thehydrolysis of polysaccharides and oli-gosaccharides. They have an effect uponthe following chemical bond:

A. GlycosidicB. HydrogenC. PeptideD. AmideE. Phosphodiester

12. Which of the following namescorresponds with the formula:

A. Nicotinic acid amideB. Isonicotinic acid amideC. Picolinic acid amideD. Salicylic acid amideE. Anthranilic acid amide

13. What indicator is used for the quanti-tative determination of sodium carbonatein a preparation by the method of acid-base titration?

A. Methyl orangeB. MurexideC. Methylene blueD. DiphenylamineE. Ferroin

14. Depressive states can be treated bymeans of drugs inhibiting the enzyme thatinactivates biogenic amines. Specify thisenzyme:

A. MAO (monoamine oxidase)B. LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)C. CPK (creatine phosphokinase)D. AST (aspartate aminotransferase)E. ALT (alanine aminotransferase)

15. Solutions of some electrolytes areused as medications. What is the maxi-mum value of the isotonic coefficient forMgSO4 solution?


A. 2B. 4C. 3D. 5E. 7

16. What substance blocks the conducti-on of excitation in the neuromuscularsynapses?

A. CurareB. NoradrenalineC. AdrenalineD. SomatostatinE. Aspartate

17. The labels of some medications havean inscription: Shake before use! Thiswarning is caused by:

A. SedimentationB. CoagulationC. Solubility of disperse systemsD. Insolubility of disperse systemsE. None of the above

18. Which of these formulas correspondswith acetoacetic acid?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

19. Blood serum electrophoresis revealedinterferon. This protein is in the followingfraction:

A. γ-globulinsB. α1-globulinsC. α2-globulinsD. β-globulinsE. Albumins

20. Proteolytic enzymes of gastric juiceexhibit maximum activity in the mediumwith the following pH:

A. pH 3,2-3,5B. pH 6,5C. pH 7,0D. pH 9,0E. pH 0,5-1,0

21. After taking phenacetin a pati-ent developed acute sore throat,body temperature rise. Examinationallowed doctors to make a diagnosisof necrotic angina and agranulocytosis.Agranulocytosis can be characterized bya decrease in the amount of the followingWBCs:

A. NeutrophilsB. EosinophilsC. BasophilsD. LymphocytesE. Monocytes

22. A newborn born to an Rh-negativemother (3rd pregnancy) presents withprogressing jaundice, symptoms of CNSexcitation, anemia. What type of jaundiceis it?

A. HemolyticB. ParenchymatousC. ObstructiveD. ParasiticE. Toxic

23. A plant under examination has papili-onaceous flower. This plant belongs in thefamily:

A. FabaceaeB. ScrofulariaceaeC. RanunculaceaeD. LamiaceaeE. Asteraceae

24. Van’t Hoff’s rule is used for determini-ng the shelf life of drugs. The temperaturecoefficient of the rate of most chemicalreactions lies within the following range:

A. 2-4B. 2-3C. 1-3D. 3-4E. 1-5

25. In an emergency situation a scuba di-ver has quickly risen from the depths tothe surface, which is against the rule. Heis unconscious, presents with respiratoryfailure and cardiac activity disorder as aresult of decompression sickness. Whatcomplication may develop in the scuba di-ver?


A. Gas embolismB. Fat embolismC. Air embolismD. Cellular embolismE. Thromboembolism

26. A patient has been hospitalized forchronic heart failure. Objectively: skinand mucous membranes are cyanotic, thepatient has tachycardia, tachypnea. Whattype of hypoxia has developed in the pati-ent?

A. CirculatoryB. AnemicC. HemicD. TissueE. Hypoxic

27. The solid residue obtained afterevaporation of the sample solution makesthe colorless flame of burner turn yellow,and when watched through a blue glass, itlooks purple. What cations are present inthe solid residue?

A. Na+, K+

B. �a2+, K+

C. Na+ , Sr2+

D. Li+, Ba2+

E. Na+, Ca2+

28. Amino group of p-aminobenzoic acidis involved into reaction with the followi-ng reagent:

A. HClB. NH4OHC. NaOHD. CH3COONaE. KCN

29. Urine analysis revealed a decreasein sodium ion concentration. Whi-ch hormone provides an enhancedreabsorption of sodium ions in theconvoluted nephron tubules?

A. AldosteroneB. VasopressinC. SomatostatinD. AdrenalineE. Acetylcholine

30. Thermodynamic calculations allowus to determine the possibility and di-rection of spontaneous processes. In anisolated system the change of the followi-ng thermodynamic function is used for

this purpose:

A. EntropyB. Gibbs energyC. Helmholtz energyD. Internal energyE. Enthalpy

31. Histochemical test for fixed oils wi-th sudan III results in the following staincolour:

A. Pink and orangeB. Blue and violetC. Lemon-yellowD. Raspberry-redE. Black and purple

32. The strongest acid among thehydrohalic acids is:

A. HydroiodicB. HydrofluoricC. HydrochloricD. HydrobromicE. -

33. A solution contains cations of zinc andaluminum. Specify the reagent that allowsto detect cations of zinc in this solution:

A. Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) soluti-onB. Sodium hydroxide solutionC. Cobalt nitrate Co(NO3)2

D. Excess of 6M sodium hydroxide inpresence of hydrogen peroxideE. Sulfuric acid solution

34. In a solution containing cations ofcopper (II) and zinc, the copper cationscan be identified by means of the excessof the following reagent:

A. 6M ammonia solutionB. 2M sulfuric acid solutionC. 6M potassium hydroxide solutionD. 2M hydrochloric acid solutionE. 2M solution of ammonium carbonate

35. Concentration of magnesium sulfatein a drug can be determined bycomplexometric titration. Choose an indi-cator to detect the end point of titration:

A. Chromogen blackB. PhenolphtaleinC. Methyl orangeD. EosinE. -

36. Choose a pair of electrodes forpotentiometric pH measurement of asolution:


A. Glass and silver chlorideB. Calomel and silver chlorideC. Quinhydrone and antimonialD. Mercury sulphate and silver chlorideE. Glass and antimonial

37. Microscopic examination of a perenni-al stem revealed integumentary tissue ofsecondary origin that was formed as aresult of cell division of:

A. PhellogenB. ProcambiumC. CambiumD. PericycleE. Protoderma

38. Heart rate of a person at rest is 40/min.What structure is the pacemaker of heartin this man?

A. Atrioventricular nodeB. Sinoatrial nodeC. His’ bundleD. His’ bundle branchesE. Purkinje fibers

39. The volume of air exhaled by ahealthy person during quiet breathing wasmeasured with a spirometer, it was 0,5 li-ter. What is this volume called?

A. Tidal volumeB. Inspiratory reserve volumeC. Expiratory reserve volumeD. Vital capacity of lungsE. Residual volume

40. A 40-year-old patient has developedpolyuria (10-12 liters per day) andpolydipsia induced by damage to thehypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. Whathormone deficiency causes such di-sorders?

A. VasopressinB. OxytocinC. CorticotropinD. SomatotropinE. Thyrotropin

41. The rate of a chemical reaction doesnot depend on the concentration of thereactants. Specify the order of such reacti-on:

A. ZerothB. FirstC. SecondD. ThirdE. Fraction

42. Sulfonamides are widely used as

bacteriostatic agents. The mechanism ofantimicrobial action of sulfonamides isbased on their structural similarity to:

A. Para-aminobenzoic acidB. Glutamic acidC. Folic acidD. Nucleic acidE. Antibiotics

43. Specify the reaction conditions (medi-um, to) in the standardization of potassi-um permanganate solution by sodiumoxalate solution:

A. Acidic, heatingB. Neutral, heatingC. Alkaline, heatingD. Acidic, coolingE. Neutral, cooling

44. Which of the acids with the sameconcentration has the highest ionizationdegree (α)?

A. HCOOH К=1, 74 · 10−4

B. CH3COOH К=1, 74 · 10−5

C. NH2CH2COOH К=1, 70 · 10−10

D. C6H5COOH К=6, 3 · 10−5

E. NH2(CH2)2COOH К=2, 6 · 10−11

45. Select the correct name for the givencompound:

A. 1,5-DinitronaphthaleneB. 1,6-DinitronaphthaleneC. 4,8-DinitronaphthaleneD. 2,7-DinitronaphthaleneE. 4,9-Dinitronaphthalene

46. Acylated amino group acts as a substi-tuent of the following type:


A. Type IB. Type IIC. Type I and II at the same timeD. Acetanilide does not take part in the SE

reactionsE. Impossible to determine

47. Halide ions in drugs are determined bytitration based upon the reaction of:

A. PrecipitationB. Oxidation-reductionC. SubstitutionD. Acid-baseE. Complexing

48. In the qualitative analysis whichinvolves precipitation of sulphates of thethird analytical group cations (Ca2+, Sr2+,Ba2+) the solubility of sulphates can bereduced by adding:

A. Ethyl alcoholB. Distilled waterC. BenzeneD. ChloroformE. Amyl alcohol

49. Lithium carbonate is used in medici-ne for the prevention and treatment ofpsychoses of different etiology. Li2CO3

can react with the following compound:

A. HClB. NaClC. LiNO3

D. KNO3

E. KCl

50. Drugs are commonly analyzedby means of potentiometric pHmeasurement. Which of the electrodescan be used for measuring the solutionpH?

A. GlassB. Standard hydrogenC. ZincD. CalomelE. Chlorine-silver

51. The ability of reagent to ensure astable analytical effect in the interactionwith the analyzed substance is characteri-zed by:

A. Reaction sensitivityB. Reaction selectivityC. Reaction specificityD. Reagent amountE. -

52. To maintain a certain value of

medium-pH the buffer solutions are used.Specify a composition of substances thatDOES NOT HAVE buffer properties:

A. NaOH + NaClB. CH3COOH + CH3COONaC. NH4Cl + NH3·H2OD. HCOOH + HCOONaE. NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4

53. What solution can be determinedby photocolorimetric method by self-absorbance?

A. Potassium chromateB. Potassium chlorideC. Potassium sulphateD. Potassium nitrateE. Potassium phosphate

54. Uric acid is a derivative of:

A. PurineB. IndoleC. PyrazineD. PyrazoleE. Pyridine

55. What class of reactions does thisreaction relate?

A. AdditionB. SubstitutionC. ReductionD. OxidationE. Rearrangement

56. While studying a stem covered withperiderm, the researcher realized that gasexchange takes place through . . .

A. LenticelsB. StomataC. PoresD. Non-suberized (conducting) cellsE. Hydatodes

57. Which of the ligands is bidentate?


A. EthylenediamineB. Thiocyanate ionC. Cyanide ionD. PyridineE. Hydroxide ion

58. An expression for the hydrolysisconstantKg = Kw

(Kacid·Kbase)

corresponds with the following salt:

A. (NH4)2SB. NaCNC. Fe(NO3)3

D. Li2SE. NH4Cl

59. The conversion MnO−4 → MnO2

represents the following reaction:

A. Reduction in neutral mediumB. Oxidation in acidic mediumC. Reduction in acidic mediumD. Oxidation in alkaline mediumE. Reduction in alkaline medium

60. The high energy from thermal dissoci-ation of CO molecule (the binding energyof 1075 kJ) results from:

A. Triple bond between the atoms ofoxygen and carbonB. Covalent bondC. Ionic bondD. High polarity of the moleculeE. Hydrogen bond

61. The sodium-potassium pump functi-oning in a cell is responsible for thetransport of the following ions across themembrane:

A. Sodium ions out of the cell, potassiumions into the cellB. Calcium ions into the cell, potassiumions out of the cellC. Sodium ions into the cell, potassiumions out of the cellD. Chlorine ions into the cell, potassiumions out of the cellE. Sodium ions into the cell, chlorine ionsout of the cell

62. In terms of water-air interface, thefollowing substance acts as a surface-active substance:

A. Valeric acidB. HClC. NaOHD. UreaE. -

63. A patient consulted a doctor aboutsunburns, decreased visual acuity. His hair,skin and eyes are not pigmented. He hasbeen diagnosed with albinism. The patientpresents with the following enzyme defici-ency:

A. TyrosinaseB. ArginaseC. Carbonic anhydraseD. Histidine decarboxylaseE. Hexokinase

64. The causative agent of botulism causessevere food poisoning. Specify the mostcharacteristic morphological feature ofbotulism causative agent:

A. Gram-positive bacillus with subtermi-nal sporeB. Thick gram-positive non-spore-formingbacillusC. Gram-positive bacillus with terminalsporeD. Thin mobile bacillus with central sporeE. Thick gram-positive bacillus withoutspores and flagella

65. After the Cannizzaro reaction forbenzaldehyde the following compound isobtained:


A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

66. Specify the reaction, through whichsalicylic acid can be synthesized:

A.

B.

C.

D.

E. -

67. Fatty degeneration of liver is preventedby lipotropic substances. Which of thefollowing substances relates to them?

A. MethionineB. CholesterolC. BilirubinD. GlycineE. Glucose

68. Alkaline reaction is typical for thesolution of the following salt:

A. Na2SB. Na2SO4

C. KClD. CuCl2E. FeCl3

69. Nitrite ions in presence of nitrate ionscan be detected by means of:

A. Crystalline antipyrine in presence ofdilute HClB. Crystalline sodium thiosulfateC. DimethylglyoximeD. Crystalline iron (III) sulfateE. Diphenylcarbazone

70. Which of the following substancesrelates to colloidal surface-activesubstances?

A. Potassium oleateB. IodineC. Sodium chlorideD. PolyethyleneE. Gelatin

71. The cause of optical activity isthe presence of the following organiccompound in the molecular structure:

A. Asymmetric carbon atomB. Double bondC. Triple bondD. Functional groupE. Plane of symmetry

72. Given the ability of iodine to dissolvein nonpolar solvents, determine the typeof chemical bond in an I2 molecule:

A. Nonpolar covalentB. IonicC. Polar covalentD. MetalE. Intermolecular interaction

73. Aqueous solution of CaCl2 with massconcentration 10% is used for intravenousinjections. What is the maximum valueof isotonic coefficient of CaCl2 in anaqueous solution?


A. 3B. 4C. 2D. 5E. 1

74. Cryoscopic constants of water,benzene, chloroform, acetic acid andcamphor equal to 1,86; 5,12; 4,9; 3,9;40,0 respectively. Which of these solventsshould be selected for the most accuratedetermination of the molar mass of adrug substance (nonelectrolyte) by thecryoscopic method?

A. CamphorB. ChloroformC. Acetic acidD. BenzeneE. Water

75. Which of the listed carbonylcompounds gives a positive iodoformereaction?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

76. Which of these reactions can be usedto identify the primary amino group?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

77. For the quantitative analysis of ethanolthe gas chromatography was used. Whichparameter was measured?

A. Peak height or areaB. Retention timeC. Retention volumeD. Peak widthE. Peak width at half height

78. Potassium permanganate reacting withhydrogen peroxide in acidic medium actsas:

A. OxidantB. ReductantC. Disproportionation agentD. Oxidant and reductantE. Does not act either as an oxidant, or asa reductant

79. Specify the number of electronsinvolved into formation of the isolatedconjugated system in the pyrimidinemolecule:


A. 6B. 4C. 10D. 2E. 8

80. A patient has an increasedconcentration of hippuric acid in the uri-ne. This acid is the product of benzoicacid detoxification in the liver of. In thehuman body benzoic acid is formed fromthe following amino acid:

A. PhenylalanineB. SuccinateC. LactateD. AspartateE. Malate

81. A group of alpinists climbing to thetop had their blood tested. The testrevealed erythrocytosis and an increasein hemoglobin rate. What type of hypoxiacaused the stimulation of erythropoiesisin the bone marrow?

A. HypoxicB. CombinedC. HemicD. CirculatoryE. Tissue

82. Quite often, the soil may contain anumber of pathogenic microorganisms.The causative agents of the following di-sease may exist in the soil for a long time:

A. AnthraxB. DiphtheriaC. Viral hepatitisD. PertussisE. Dysentery

83. Pathogenic microorganisms arecharacterized by presence of aggressionenzymes that determine their virulence.Select an aggression enzyme:

A. HyaluronidaseB. CarbohydraseC. TransferaseD. OxidaseE. Lyase

84. By heating β-hydroxy acids thefollowing substance is formed:

A. Unsaturated carboxylic acidsB. LactonesC. LactidesD. Dicarboxylic acidE. Saturated monocarboxylic acids

85. The pH of 0,001 M of hydrochloricacid solution is:

A. 3B. 0C. 10D. 7E. 5

86. Which of the listed biologically acti-ve compounds inhibits the secretion ofpancreatic juice?

A. AtropineB. AcetylcholineC. InsulinD. GastrinE. Secretin

87. What type of tautomerism is typical forthe given compound?

A. Nitro-aci-nitro tautomerismB. Carbonyl-enol tautomerismC. Cyclo-oxo tautomerismD. Amine-imine tautomerismE. Keto-enol tautomerism

88. The molar mass of calcium hydroxideequivalent (M(Ca(OH)2) = 74 g/mol) is:

A. 37 g/molB. 19 g/molC. 32 g/molD. 74 g/molE. 148 g/mol

89. Bacteriological inspection of disi-nfection quality at a pharmacy revealeda microorganism in an utility room (in thesink). The microorganism has the followi-ng properties: mobile nonspore-forminggram-negative bacteria that form capsularsubstance, grow well on ordinary nutrientmedia, secrete the blue-green pigment.This microorganism is most likely to beof the following genus:


A. PseudomonasB. ProteusC. ClostridiumD. ShigellaE. Vibrio

90. Microbiological analysis of medicinalraw materials revealed capsular bacteria.What stain method was used to detect thecapsules?

A. Gin’sB. Ziehl-Neelsen’sC. Neisser’sD. Gram’sE. Ozheshko’s

91. The analyzed plant has hollow ribbedstems, compound umbel inflorescence,schizocarpic fruit (cremocarp) and is richin essential oils, which is a characteristicof:

A. ApiaceaeB. FabaceaeC. EricaceaeD. BrassisaceaeE. Asteraceae

92. Specify the colour of phenolphthaleinin the sodium sulfide solution:

A. CrimsonB. ColourlessC. BlueD. YellowE. Green

93. In pharmaceutical technology animportant part is played by pressure,temperature, concentration. The reacti-on yield can be increased by lowering thetemperature of the following process:

A. ExothermicB. EndothermicC. IsochoricD. IsobaricE. Adiabatic

94. To identify a drug by thin-layerchromatography the following parameteris used:

A. Rf

B. nC. E, mVD. I , AE. Kp

95. The intracellular metabolism ofglycerol starts with its activation. Whatcompound is formed in the first reaction

of its conversion?

A. Alpha-glycerolophosphateB. PyruvateC. LactateD. CholineE. Acetyl coenzyme A

96. When ammonia enters into reacti-on with acids, this results in formationof ammonium salts. Which properties ofammonia characterize this process?

A. Ability to accept the hydrogen ionsB. Reductive propertiesC. Acidic propertiesD. Oxidative propertiesE. Ability to hydrolyze

97. A patient had been diagnosed wi-th right lung cancer and administeredsurgical treatment. After right-sidedpulmonectomy the patient presented wi-th evident dyspnea. What form of respi-ratory failure has developed in this pati-ent?

A. Pulmonary restrictiveB. CentralC. PeripheralD. Pulmonary obstructiveE. Thoracodiaphragmal

98. What wave of ECG characterizes thespread of excitation throughout the heartatria?

A. PB. RC. QD. TE. S

99. Cardiac tones are the outer acousticmanifestations of heart functioning. Whatis the cause of the II tone?

A. Closure of the semilunar valvesB. Closure of the cuspid valvesC. Vibration of the ventricle wallsD. Vibration of the atrium wallsE. Chest movements

100. In accordance with the requirementsof the pharmacopoeia, the non-sterilemedicinal preparations may include mi-croorganisms. What micro-organismsMUST NOT be present in them?


A. EnterobacteriaB. AscomycetesC. MicrococciD. Mold fungiE. Sarcinae

101. While performing finger-nose testthe examinee could not touch the tipof his nose with his fingertip having hiseyes closed. What structure of the centralnervous system is damaged?

A. CerebellumB. Quadrigeminal plateC. CortexD. Spinal cordE. Thalamus

102. A patient has obstruction of thecommon bile duct. Which of thesesubstances is usually found in urine insuch cases?

A. BilirubinB. Ketone bodiesC. Uric acidD. CreatinineE. Glucose

103. A continuous stay in the mountai-ns causes an increase of blood oxygencapacity. What is the possible reason forthis phenomenon?

A. Development of functionalerythrocytosisB. Increase of PO2 rate in the airC. Increase of PCO2 rate in the airD. Decrease in respiratory rate and depthE. Development of gas acidosis

104. A student had to analyze an axi-al plant organ characterized by radi-al symmetry, unlimited growth, positi-ve geotropism. It provided nutrition,vegetative propagation, anchorage ofplant in the soil. This organ was identi-fied as . . .

A. RootB. StemC. LeafD. RhizomeE. Seed

105. A patient presents with fever, chi-ll and cough. From his sputum the ovoidGram-negative bipolar-stained bacilli wi-th a delicate capsule were isolated. Whatis the most likely diagnosis?

A. PlagueB. TuberculosisC. LeptospirosisD. BrucellosisE. Toxoplasmosis

106. Choose a name that corresponds tothe formula: CH3 − C ≡ N :

A. Acetic acid nitrileB. AcetamideC. Acetic anhydrydeD. AcetoximeE. Ethyl isocyanide

107. What data is required to determinethe activation energy?

A. Constants of reaction rate at twotemperaturesB. Thermal energy of the reactionC. Energy change of the systemD. Internal energy of the systemE. Reaction order

108. A patient with systemic lupuserythematosus has developed a diffuserenal affection accompanied by protei-nuria, hypoproteinemia, massive edema.What is the mechanism of proteinuriadevelopment in this case?

A. Autoimmune affection of glomeruliB. Inflammation of renal tubulesC. Ischemic affection of tubulesD. Blood protein increaseE. Affection of urinary tracts

109. What reactions are used in themethods of permanganatometry, di-chromatometry, iodometry?

A. Oxidation-reductionB. PrecipitationC. ComplexationD. NeutralizationE. Hydrolysis

110. In order to bind hydrogen ions duringthe identification of potassium ions withtartaric acid the following solution is used:

A. Sodium acetateB. Sodium hydroxideC. AmmoniaD. Sulfuric acidE. Hydrochloric acid

111. According to the Paneth-Fajans rule,the ion preferably adsorbed from a soluti-on on the surface of a solid crystallineadsorbent is the ion, which:


A. Is included in the crystal lattice of theadsorbentB. Is not included in the crystal lattice ofthe adsorbentC. Does not form a sparingly solublecompound with one of the lattice ionsD. Forms an easily soluble compound withone of the lattice ionsE. Forms a sparingly soluble compoundwith one of the lattice ions

112. Some medications are produced byhydrolysis of corresponding neutral salts.From the salts listed below, select the onethat WILL NOT succumb to hydrolysis:

A. Na2SO4

B. NaHCO3

C. AlCl3D. Bi(NO3)3

E. Na2SO3

113. Which of the following reactions isrequired in order to obtain an azo dye outof an aromatic amine?

A. Diazotization and azo compoundB. Reduction and diazotizationC. Diazotization and interaction withpotassium cyanideD. Salt formation and nitrationE. Alkylation and nitrosation

114. A solution containing calcium andmagnesium cations is titrated with TrilonB solution. Complexometric titration ofthese cations requires the following medi-um:

A. Ammonium buffer solutionB. Formate buffer solutionC. Neutral mediumD. Acidic solutionE. Acetate buffer solution

115. What is the mechanism of brominati-on of toluene aromatic nucleus?

A. SE

B. AE

C. SR

D. SN

E. AN

116. This scheme of nitroalkane synthesisis called the reaction of:

A. KonovalovB. ZininC. KucherovD. TishchenkoE. Chichibabin

117. A hospital admitted a patient witharterial hypertension induced by renalartery stenosis, complaints of persistentnausea and headache. The main elementin the pathogenesis of hypertension is theactivation of the following system:

A. Renin-angiotensinB. Hypothalamic-pituitaryC. Kallikrein-kininD. SympathoadrenalE. Parasympathetic

118. Nitrating mixture is a mixture ofconcentrated acids:

A. HNO3 + H2SO4

B. H3PO4 + H2SO4

C. HCl + H2SO4

D. HNO3 + HClE. H3PO4 + HCl

119. Bacterioscopic examination ofchancre material revealed some mobile,long, convoluted microorganisms with 8-12 regular coils. These features are typicalfor:

A. TreponemaB. BorrelliaC. LeptospiraD. VibriosE. Campylobacter

120. Before a surgical operation, asurgeon treated his hands with an alcohol-containing solution. Which group of drugsdoes this solution relate to?


A. AntisepticsB. DisinfectantsC. Sterilizing solutionsD. DetergentsE. Surface-active substances

121. In order to establish the possiblecontamination of a medication with fungi,a nutrient medium was inoculated, whi-ch resulted in growth of large cream-likecolonies. What nutrient medium was usedin this case?

A. SabouraudB. Lowenstein-JensenC. RouxD. LoefflerE. Finn-2

122. Aniline can be converted into water-soluble salt by treatment with a solutionof:

A. Hydrochloric acidB. Sodium hydroxideC. Sodium sulfateD. EthanolE. Dimethylamine

123. As a rule, the maximum oxidationnumber of an element is:

A. Group number in the periodic systemB. Subgroup number in the periodicsystemC. Period numberD. Row numberE. -

124. It is known that some chemicalcompounds uncouple the tissue respirati-on and oxidative phosphorylation. Nameone of these compounds:

A. 2,4-dinitrophenolB. Carbon monoxideC. Antimycin AD. Lactic acidE. Acetyl-CoA

125. A warmly dressed child has spenta considerably long time out of doors.This resulted in body temperature elevati-on and general weakness development.What form of thermoregulation disorderis observed in this case?

A. Exogenous hyperthermiaB. Endogenous hyperthermiaC. FeverD. Heat shockE. Centrogenous hyperthermia

126. A patient with pneumosclerosis

has blood pH at the rate of 7,34.Analysis of gas formula of blood showedhypercapnia. Urine analysis revealed anacidity increase. What form of acid-basedisbalance is the case?

A. Gaseous acidosisB. Secretory alkalosisC. Gaseous alkalosisD. Non-gaseous alkalosisE. Non-gaseous acidosis

127. The study of the main rootontogenesis shows that it has developedfrom:

A. RadicleB. Apical meristemC. PericycleD. Lateral meristemE. Intercalary meristem

128. The end product of starch hydrolysisis:

A. D-glucoseB. D-fructoseC. SaccharoseD. MaltoseE. D-galactose

129. What reagent can help to distinguishbetween starch and glucose?

A. I2

B. Br2

C. KMnO4

D. K2Cr2O7

E. FeCl3

130. Which of the following solutions wi-th the same molar concentration has themaximum osmotic pressure?

A. Aluminum nitrateB. GlucoseC. Sodium chlorideD. Magnesium sulfateE. Potassium iodide

131. Pharmacopoeia test reaction fordetermination of benzoate ions is theinteraction with the following solution:

A. Iron (III) chlorideB. Potassium chlorideC. ResorcinolD. Acetic anhydrideE. Diphenylamine

132. If the amount of high-molecularsubstance added to the sol is very small, itmay not increase but decrease its stability.This phenomenon is called:


A. SensibilizationB. SolubilizationC. Mutual coagulationD. Colloidal protectionE. Sol habituation

133. In order to increase the inhibitoryprocesses in the CNS the pharmacologicalagents are used that cause the followingprocess on the postsynaptic membranes:

A. HyperpolarizationB. DepolarizationC. AfterdepolarizationD. Activation of sodium channelsE. Activation of calcium channels

134. A 70-year-old patient has been foundto have atherosclerosis of heart andbrain vessels. Examination revealed thechanges in the lipid profile. Pathogenesisof atherosclerosis is greatly influenced byan increase in the following lipoproteinsrate:

A. Low-density lipoproteinB. Very-low-density lipoproteinsC. Intermediate-density lipoproteinsD. High-density lipoproteinE. Chylomicrons

135. Calendula officinalis which arepresentative of the aster fami-ly is characterized by the followinginflorescence type:

A. FlowerheadB. UmbelC. CatkinD. GlomeE. Cyme

136. Which medicinal plant of theAsteraceae family has only disk flowersin the flowerhead?

A. Three-part beggarticks (Bidens triparti-ta)B. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)C. Echinacea purpureaD. Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)E. Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

137. After eating strawberries a childpresented with itchy red spots on the skin(hives). According to the classification ofCoombs and Jell this reaction relates tothe following type of allergic reactions:

A. Reagin (anaphylactic)B. CytotoxicC. ImmunocomplexD. Cell-mediatedE. Stimulating

138. When determining the changes inmembrane permeability during an acti-on potential it was established that duri-ng the depolarization phase the followingmovement predominates:

A. Movement of Na+ into the cellB. Movement of Na+ out of the cellC. Movement of K+ into the cellD. Movement of K+ out of the cellE. Movement of Cl− into the cell

139. Spore and pollen analysis revealed inthe pollen some tetrahedral spores with asemi-circular base and a reticular surface,which may belong to:

A. LycopodiophytaB. EquisetiphytaC. BryophytaD. PolypodiophytaE. Pinophyta

140. In the practice of harvesting herbalraw material of Asteraceae family the term"flowers"means both individual flowersand inflorescences. However, the notionof "flowers"is botanically correct only for:

A. Centaurea cyanusB. Gnaphalium uliginosumC. Arnica montanaD. Echinops ritroE. Bidens tripartita

141. What working solutions (titrants) areused in the method of precipitation titrati-on - Folgard method?

A. AgNO3 and NH4SCNB. H2SO4 and NaOHC. Na2S2O3 and K(I3)D. KMnO4 and KBrO3

E. HClO4 and KOH

142. In which of these reactions hydrogenacts as an oxidizing agent?

A. 2Na + H2 → 2NaHB. Cl2 + H2 → 2HClC. CuO + H2 → H2O + CuD. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

E. F2 + H2 → 2HF

143. A perennial herbaceous plant hasascending quadrangular stem and opposi-tely arranged leaves. The flowers with bi-labiate corolla are zygomorphic, bisexual,


arranged in whorls in the leaf axils. Thefruit type is coenobium. The describedmedicinal plant relates to the followingbotanic family:

A. LamiaceaeB. AsteraceaeC. PoaceaeD. BrassicaceaeE. Rosaceae

144. Dysbiosis can be treated withdrugs that contain living representati-ves of normal microflora as well astheir metabolic products. Select themicroorganisms that are used for theproduction of such drugs:

A. Bifidus bacteriaB. Staphylococcus aureusC. ProteusD. ProvidenciaE. Yersinia

145. The primary structure of nucleic aci-ds is a polynucleotide chain which hasa certain composition and order of thenucleotides. What bonds stabilize thisstructure?

A. 3’,5’-phosphodiesterB. PeptideC. GlycosidicD. DisulfideE. Amide

146. While determining the type andcharacteristics of conducting bundles ofaxial organs one should take into accountthe positional relation between phloemand xylem and . . .

A. CambiumB. ProcambiumC. CollenchymeD. PericycleE. Phellogen

147. Growth of some cancer cells is causedby a certain growth factor. Treatment ofleukemia involves applying an enzymethat destroys this essential factor. Speci-fy this enzyme:

A. AsparaginaseB. GlutaminaseC. Succinate dehydrogenaseD. Citrate synthetaseE. Aspartate aminotransferase

148. Medicinal plants infected bymicroorganisms cannot be used inthe pharmaceutical industry. Invasive

properties of phytopathogenic micro-organisms are due to the followingenzymes:

A. HydrolyticB. IsomeraseC. TransferaseD. OxidoreductaseE. Lyase

149. The medicinal plants growing on aplantations were found to have mosaicpatterns on leaves. What microorganismscaused this affection?

A. Phytopathogenic virusesB. Phytopathogenic bacteriaC. Phytopathogenic fungiD. ProtozoaE. Rickettsiae

150. Bacteria eventually become resi-stant to antibacterial agents. Resistance ofgram-positive bacteria to penicillin antibi-otics is caused by:

A. Beta-lactamase productionB. Permeability of the cell wallC. Active synthesis of peptidoglycanD. Active transport of antibioticE. Protein synthesis

151. A 28-year-old male got a burn thatcaused an increase in spontaneous secreti-on of gastric juice. It is associated withsecretion of the following substance:

A. HistamineB. SecretinC. Gastric inhibitory peptideD. Cholecystokinin-PancreozyminE. Serotonin

152. Blood pressure is regulated by anumber of biologically active compounds.What peptides that enter the bloodstreamcan affect the vascular tone?

A. KininsB. LeukotrienesC. EnkephalinsD. IodothyroninesE. Endorphins

153. Mycothallus of the fungus understudy consists of a stipe, pileus, lamellarhymenophore. This fungus belongs in theclass:


A. BasidiomycetesB. AscomycetesC. ZygomycetesD. DeuteromycetesE. Oomycetes

154. A laboratory received a sample ofwater used in drug production for sanitaryand virological analysis. What group of vi-ruses will indicate faecal contamination ofwater and thus the need for its additionalpurification?

A. PicornaviridaeB. HerpesviridaeC. OrthomyxoviridaeD. RetroviridaeE. Flaviviridae

155. Specify the indicator of the protectiveproperties of high-molecular compoundsof body that promote the keeping of calci-um, phosphate and carbonate in bloodplasma:

A. Protective valueB. Coagulation thresholdC. Critical micelle concentrationD. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balanceE. Volume of sol coagulated by 1 mol ofthe electrolyte substance

156. After an insulin injection a 45-year-old woman with a long history of di-abetes mellitus has developed weakness,paleness, palpitation, anxiety, double visi-on, numbness of lips and the tip of tongue.Blood glucose is at the rate of 2,5 mmol/l.What complication has developed in thepatient?

A. Hypoglycemic comaB. Hyperosmolar comaC. Hyperglycemic comaD. Hyperketonemic comaE. Uremic coma

157. Morphological analysis of poplarinflorescence showed that it is a simplemonopodial inflorescence: main axis isdrooping, the flowers are sessile, uni-sexual. Specify the type of inflorescence:

A. CatkinB. HeadC. CapitulumD. CymeE. Panicle

158. Specify the compound with the mostpronounced basic properties:

A. Bi(OH)3

B. Sb(OH)3

C. As(OH)3

D. H3PO3

E. -

159. What is the equivalent of Al(OH)3

in the reaction Al(OH)3 + 2HCl =Al(OH)Cl2 + 2H2O?

A. 1/2 molB. 1/3 molC. 1 molD. 2 molE. 3 mol

160. Food rich in carbohydrates at fi-rst increases the blood glucose and thendecreases its rate due to the insulin acti-on. What process is activated by thishormone?

A. Synthesis of glycogenB. GluconeogenesisC. Breakdown of glycogenD. Breakdown of proteinsE. Breakdown of lipids

161. A patient has developedmegaloblastic anemia on a backgroundof alcoholic cirrhosis. The main cause ofanemia in this patient is the following vi-tamin deficiency:

A. Folic acidB. Lipoic acidC. BiotinD. ThiaminE. Pantothenic acid

162. Inflorescence of greater plantaingrows out at apex, the main axis is long,and flowers are sessile. This type ofinflorescence is called:

A. SpikeB. PanicleC. SpadixD. CapitulumE. Thyrsus

163. In order to identify the cationsof zinc (II) an analytical chemist usedthe reagent solution of hexacyanoferrate(II) potassium (Pharmacopeia reaction).What colour precipitate is formed in thisreaction?

A. WhiteB. YellowC. BlackD. GreenE. Red


164. A patient was found to have anincreased blood serum LDH-1 activity. Inwhich organ is the pathological processlocalized?

A. HeartB. LiverC. KidneysD. StomachE. Muscles

165. Diaphoretic herbal tea includes di-chasial cymes with light-yellow, oblong,wing-like, squamelliferous perianth. Theflowers are fragrant, yellowish. Theseinflorescences belong to:

A. Tilia cordataB. Viburnum opulusC. Robinia pseudoacaciaD. Mentha piperitaE. Padus avium

166. A patient with alcoholic cirrhosiscomplains of general weakness, dyspnea.He has been found to have decreasedblood pressure, ascites, enlargement ofsuperficial veins of the anterior abdominalwall, esophageal varices, splenomegaly.What hemodynamic disorder is observedin the patient?

A. Portal hypertensionB. Left ventricular failureC. Right ventricular failureD. Heart failureE. Collapse

167. A patient with tuberculosis has beenprescribed some anti-TB preparations.Which of the following chemotherapeuticdrugs has an effect on the tuberculosispathogen?

A. FtivazideB. FuracilinumC. MethisazonumD. SulfadimezinumE. Phthalylsulfathiazole

168. What segment of a nephron containsliquid with a maximum concentration ofglucose under normal conditions?

A. Poximal tubulesB. Medullary thick ascending limb of loopof HenleC. Inner medullary portion of thindescending limb of loop of HenleD. Distal convoluted tubuleE. Inner medullary collecting duct

169. Laboratory analysis revealed protein

in the urine of a young man. In whatcase a healthy person may present a sli-ght proteinuria?

A. After exerciseB. In the resting stateC. During sleepD. In the state of psychoemotional exci-tationE. After overeating

170. A male patient was found to havehypovitaminosis PP . What amino acidtaken with food may partially compensatethe vitamin PP deficiency?

A. TryptophanB. PhenylalanineC. ValineD. ArginineE. Methionine

171. Emulsions are classified accordingto the volume concentration of dispersedphase. An emulsion with the concentrati-on at the rate of 0,1-74,0% vol. relates tothe following group of emulsions:

A. ConcentratedB. DilutedC. Highly concentratedD. DirectE. Reversible

172. Choose a reaction, in which a basicsalt is formed:

A. Fe(OH)3 + 2HClB. Fe(OH)3 + 3KClC. 2NaOH + H2SO4

D. KOH + H2SO4

E. NaOH + HCl

173. Ammonia solution has been added tothe solution under examination. A blackprecipitate fell out. This indicates thepresence of the following cations in thesolution:

A. Mercury (I)B. Copper (II)C. Iron (III)D. Iron (II)E. Silver (I)

174. The causative agents of intesti-nal infections can grow at refrigeratortemperatures, which may cause infectionin people. What type of temperature opti-mum do these microorganisms relate to?


A. PsychrophilicB. MesophilicC. ThermophilicD. AnthropophilicE. Necrophilic

175. What type of conducting bundles ischaracteristic of all root zones of one-seeded plants?

A. RadicalB. Central phloemC. Central xylemD. BilateralE. Collateral

176. A man who had been struck in theepigastric region had a heart arrest. Whatcaused such changes in the cardiac activi-ty?

A. Increased vagal tonusB. Adrenaline releaseC. Increased sympathetic tonusD. Angiotensin II releaseE. Histamine release

177. A 45-year-old patient with a gastriculcer needs the reduction of HCl secreti-on. Which drug provides this effect due toinhibition of the proton pump?

A. OmeprazoleB. AtropineC. QuamatelD. BenzohexoniumE. Proglumide

178. When chyme enters the duodenum, itstimulates the secretion of gastrointestinalhormones. Which hormone is responsiblefor release of enzymes being included indigestive juices?

A. Cholecystokinin-pancreozyminB. SecretinC. GlucagonD. SomatostatinE. Calcitonin

179. Loop of Henle is involved in themechanism of urine formation. Whatprocess takes place in its descending porti-on?

A. Reabsorption of waterB. Reabsorption of water and electrolytesC. Reabsorption of Na+

D. Reabsorption of �l−

E. Reabsorption of Ca2+

180. Alkaptonuria is characterized by anexcessive urinary excretion of homogenti-

sic acid. Development of this disease isassociated with disorder of the followingamino acid metabolism:

A. TyrosineB. TryptophanC. AlanineD. MethionineE. Asparagine

181. Antidepressants can increase theconcentartion of catecholamines in thesynaptic cleft. What is the mechanism ofaction of these drugs?

A. Inhibition of monoamine oxidaseB. Activation of monoamine oxidaseC. Inhibition of xanthine oxidaseD. Activation of acetylcholinesteraseE. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

182. A patient was taken to a hospital wi-th acute food poisoning caused by home-made canned mushrooms. The productanalysis revealed some microorganismsthat develop only in the absence ofoxygen. What microorganisms caused thepoisoning?

A. Obligate anaerobesB. Facultative anaerobesC. MicroaerophilesD. Obligate aerobesE. Capnophiles

183. During a survey of the sanitary stateof an environment object perfringens titrewas determined. What object was studi-ed?

A. SoilB. Outdoor airC. Water from an open water reservoirD. Tap waterE. Indoor pharmacy air

184. According to the Rayleigh equation,the intensity of scattered light is inverselyproportional to the wavelength of:

A. Incident light (fourth power)B. Incident light (second power)C. Incident light (fifth power)D. Incident light (third power)E. Incident light

185. Quantitative analysis of zinc saltsis performed by method of trilonometry.What indicator is used for this purpose?


A. Eriohrome black-TB. PhenolphtaleinC. Methyl blackD. Potassium dichromateE. Thymol blue

186. Clinical practice involves measurementof ESR. What are the components ofblood plasma that mainly determine theESR value?

A. GlobulinsB. UreaC. BilirubinD. Inorganic ionsE. Phospholipids

187. The patient uses a daily basis forseveral raw eggs, which contain antivi-tamin biotin - avidin. Violations of anyphase of lipid metabolism might arise?

A. Fatty acid biosynthesisB. Cholesterol biosynthesisC. Lipid absorptionD. Glycerol oxidationE. Lipid transport in blood

188. Aqueous solutions of CuSO4 areused in ophthalmic and urological practiceas an antiseptic, astringent and cauterantagent. What is the oxidation number ofcuprum in this compound?

A. +2B. +1C. 0D. +3E. -1

189. Astragalus dasyanthus has sessileflowers gathered into inflorescences wi-th a short thick axis. This inflorescence iscalled:

A. CapitulumB. CymeC. TrussD. SpikeE. Head

190. The technology of drug productionwidely uses the phenomena of absorptionand ion exchange. Which of the ions willbe selectively adsorbed on the surface ofa silver chloride crystal from an aqueoussolution?

A. Ag+

B. Cu2+

C. NO3−

D. H+

E. OH−

191. A common species of the Pinaceaefamily is a tall, evergreen, shade-enduringtree. The needles are solid, prickly,quadrangular in cross-section, spirallyarranged. This tree is:

A. Picea abiesB. Larix sibiricaC. Pinus sylvestrisD. Juniperus communisE. Ephedra equisetina

192. Early pregnancy can be detectedby using the appropriate test. A positi-ve pregnancy test is based on the presenceof the following hormone in urine:

A. Chorionic gonadotropinB. ProgesteroneC. OestradiolD. ProlactinE. Oxytocin

193. A patient has developed an attack ofbronchial asthma: he has laboured respi-ration with the frequency of 24-26/min.,inspirations take turns with prolongedexpirations involving participation ofexpiratory muscles. What form of respi-ratory failure has developed in the pati-ent?

A. Expiratory dyspneaB. Cheyne-StokesC. Biot’sD. Inspiratory dyspneaE. Apneustic respiration

194. A 58-year-old male patient was foundto have a peripheral circulation disorderwith a restricted arterial inflow, palenessof the respective region, drop of parti-al oxygen pressure in it. This disorder iscalled:

A. IschemiaB. Arterial hyperemiaC. ThrombosisD. VenostasisE. Reperfusion syndrome

195. To prepare 600 g of 10% soluti-on of potassium hydroxide the followingamount of potassium must be taken:

A. 60 gB. 0,6 gC. 6 gD. 10 gE. 12 g

196. Half-life (half-reaction) is inverselyproportional to the initial concentration


for the reactions of:

A. Second orderB. First orderC. Fraction orderD. Third orderE. Zeroth order

197. A male received a radiation dose of30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angi-na, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopeniaand thrombocytopenia. What period ofacute radiation sickness is observed in thepatient?

A. Height of diseaseB. Primary reactionsC. Imaginary wellbeingD. End of diseaseE. -

198. Examination of the leaf epidermisrevealed cells containing cystoliths.Presence of cystoliths is typical for plantsof the following family:

A. UrticaceaeB. BrassicaceaeC. FabaceaeD. SolanaceaeE. Papaveraceae

199. Seroprophylaxis and serotherapy ofinfectious diseases involves using immunesera. What type of immunity is thus acqui-red?

A. Passively acquired artificial immunityB. Actively acquired artificial immunityC. Actively acquired natural immunityD. Passively acquired natural immunityE. -

200. Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterasewhich converts cAMP to AMP. The mosttypical feature of caffeine intoxication isthe reduced intensity of:

A. Glycogen synthesisB. Protein phosphorylationC. Pentose phosphate pathwayD. GlycolysisE. Lipolysis

Krok 1 - 2012 Question Paper (Pharmacy)

Health & Medicine