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KINGDOM PLANTAE - TAXONOMY
ALGAL PhylaRhodophyta – Red Algae
Phaeophyta – Brown Algae
Chlorophyta – Green Algae
Bryophyta - Mosses
Tracheophyta – Vascular Plants
Subphylum – Pteridophyta - Ferns
Subphylum Spermopsida – Seed Plants
Gymnosperms – Naked Seeded Angiosperms – Enclosed Seeded
Monocots Dicots
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GYMNOSPERMS
Phylum
Tracheophyta
-Subphylum Spermopsida – “Sperm”
= “Seed”
CYCADS – 100 Species
CONIFERS- most successful Gymnosperms
GINKOS – 1 species remains
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GYMNOSPERMS- “Naked Seeded”
Most Common Class – The Conifers
• Typical coniferous forest primarily spruce, fir and pine.
• Not all coniferous forests have the same appearance, some conifers are better suited for a warmer wetter climate.
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This is an old-
growth
coniferous
forest
consisting of
Giant Sequoia
trees. This
type of tree
prefers more
precipitation
than most of
the conifers in
the Okanagan
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CAUTION
WATCH
FOR
FALLING
LUMBER
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Did you ever go back and study your family TREE?
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Anyone ever been to CAPILANO SUSPENSION
BRIDGE – North Vancouver?
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Here is a coniferous
forest located in a
temperate
rainforest.
In a temperate
rainforest there is
year-round
precipitation
through four
seasons; typically
warm summers and
cool winters
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CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO CONIFERS
•“Conifer” – Means “Cone
Bearer”.
•Leaves are adapted to take
needle shape, a thick cuticle
and reduced surface area
allows conifers to grow in dry
cold climates without losing
too much water.
•Almost all conifers are
evergreens : They do NOT
shed their needles seasonally.
Deciduous trees shed their
leaves
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Conifer wood has growth rings of XYLEM
The
meristematic
tissue called
VASCULAR
CAMBIUM
produces
XYLEM to
the inside and
PHLOEM to
the outside.
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AGING A TREE
A Forestry
Technician
uses a tree
borer to
take out a
tree core
sample
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There are two
types of Xylem
rings.Spring Wood
(Xylem) is a lighter
colour.
-In the springtime
rapid cell division
gives rise to very
large cells.
Summer Wood
(Xylem) is darker.
- In summer tissue
grows slower and
cells are more
compact
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THE CONE BEARERS
Mature female (ovulate) cone
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Several female cones on a
Ponderosa Pine- Very common
conifer to the Okanagan
Clusters of female
cones on a Spruce
Tree
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What’s Wrong With This Picture? This is a European
Larch a close
relative to a
Tamarack. Its still
a conifer (cone-
bearer) but its not
a true
“EVERGREEN”
Male Cone
Female Cone
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Conifers can be classified by the following:
Characteristics
of the bark
Needle shape,
length and
texture
Cone size,
shape and
scale patterns
These cones with the little tags sticking out
from the scales is characteristic of FIR cones
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Ponderosa Pine
Blue Spruce
Fir Cedar
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Douglas Fir
Western Cedar
Ponderosa Pine –
Should look very
familiar next time
you are around
Knox Mountain
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A Renewable Resource
Properties:
LIGHT but very STRONG
These properties make it a
perfect building material
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=q3554jk38qU
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Clear Cut Logging Erosion of Soil
We need trees but need to be careful in logging
practices and reforestation.