Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi

• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Cell walls of chitin• External digestion

Mycology – study of fungi

Nutrition

• Can’t make own food or move to find it so they live on food

Nutrition

• Release exoenzymes to digest it, then reabsorb it

Nutrition

Saprophytes Parasites

Saprophytes

• Lives on dead things and decompose them

Parasites

• Live on living organisms – can cause diseases

Plant Fungal Parasites

Apple Scab

Wheat Rust

Corn Smut

White Pine Blister

Potato Blight

Human Fungal Parasites

Athlete’s Foot

Ring Worm

Contact sports, locker rooms at pools

Thrush

Candida fungus

Usually kept under control by good bacteria, but some medications or stress can upset balance and allow fungus to overgrow

Fungal Growth

Fungal Growth

• Grow rapidly because “threads” are interconnected

Fungal Growth

• Grow at tips and spread outward

Fungal Growth

• Fairy rings – all part of same fungus, can cover 1000 acres underground

Classification

• Based on how they reproduce

Zygomycota Ascomycota

Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

Zygomycota - Common molds

• Examples: bread mold, mildews

Structure

• Rhizoids – root resembling structures that absorb food and anchor mold to food

Structure

• Stolons – stem like structures growing along surface that connect groups of rhizoids

Structure

• Sporangia – produce spores

Reproduction

• Asexual – most common• Sexual – produce zygospores with

hard shells for harsh conditions

Ascomycota – Sac fungi

• Examples: unicellular yeasts, morels

Reproduction

• Asexual – most common (yeasts)• Sexual – produce saclike asci with 2

nuclei that fuse to produce spores

Basidiomycota – Club fungi

• Examples: mushrooms

Structure

• Stipe – stalk of mushroom to support cap

Structure

• Cap – top of mushroom that protects spores

Structure

• Gills – rows of slits under the cap that produce spores

Structure

• Hyphae – a thread of fungal cells

Structure

• Mycelium – mass of tangled hyphae

Reproduction

• Asexual – very rare• Sexual – produce basidia cells found

in gills that create spores

Edible vs. Poisonous

• There is no single safe test to tell them apart

Deuteromycota – Imperfect fungi

• Examples: athletes foot, penicillin

Reproduction

• Asexual only

Review

Zygomycota Ascomycota

Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

Symbiosis

• Lichens – a fungus and an algae growing together almost as one organism

Symbiosis

• Mycorrhizae – fungi grow on roots of a plant

90% of trees and 80% of other plants have mycorrhizae

Benefits

• Extend roots for more water and nutrients• Survive harsher conditions• Grow faster• More disease resistant

Human Uses for Fungi

• Food

Black truffles

Human Uses for Fungi

• Flavor foods – cheese

Blue Cheese

Soy Sauce

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=queVlA4xLgI

Human Uses for Fungi

• Make breads rise

Human Uses for Fungi

• Ferment beverages

Human Uses for Fungi

• Medicine– Penicillin – prevents bacterial

infections in wounds

Alexander Flemming