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Chytridiomycota Zygomycota
Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota
Kingdom Fungi (Eukaryotes)
Unicellular or multicellular Bread/fruit molds
Major decomposers
Sessile (stationary)
Chitin are found in cell walls
All form symbiotic relationships with plant roots
Example: yeast
Some cause plant diseases Most are decomposers
(Network of hyphae)
Branching filaments of fungi
Haploid reproductive unit that gives rise to a gametophyte
(Anchor structure)
Where spores are formed
Dikaryotic: Cells that have two nuclei
Symbiotic relationship = Mycorrhiza fungus interacts with plant roots/tips
both help each other survive
Inside Cells
form arbuscules
Outside Cells
create a network between plant cells
Hartig Net
Why are Fungi Important?
Major decomposers that have integral role in nutrient cycling
Symbiotic relationship (Mycorrhiza)
Many plants rely on fungi
Play roles in food production
Bread, Cheese, Beer/Wine
Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
Waxy cuticle prevents water loss Stomata gas exchange (intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen)
Alternation of generations haploid and diploid stages Vascular Tissue transport water, nutrients, hormones, minerals
Bryophytes: The Mosses
The simplest land plant
Cuticle and stomata are present
Do NOT have:
1. Vascular tissue
2. True leaves
3. Roots
4. Seeds
Require wet conditions (Important for reproductive cycles)
Lycophytes and Pterophytes: The Ferns
Vascular tissue is present (Xylem & Phloem)
Lignin = rigid cell walls (woody tissue)
Simple root and stem systems
a) Stems are usually in the form of rhizomes
b) Leaves = fronds horizontal underground stem system
Many of these plants have symbiotic mycorrhizal relationships with fungi
Gymnosperms: The Conifers
Reproductive structures = cones
a) Male cone produces pollen
b) Female cone produces eggs
Needlelike leaves and thick cuticles
Root systems interact with mycorrhizal fungi
Supports many large ecosystems (home for many species)
contain haploid male gametophyte
reproduction leads to seeds
Reduce water loss live in areas with hot/dry summers and cold winters
Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants
Most dominant plant species in the world
Reproductive structures = flowers
a) male and female structures on same flower
b) after fertilization forms a fruit
Pollination occurs through:
a) wind
b) other animals
Dispersal methods:
a) wind
b) water
c) other organisms
Monocots & Dicots
Forms of Attraction: Big flowers
Colorful
Fragrant
Produce nectar (reward)
Why are Plants Important?
Provides diverse living habitats
Food sources for many animals and support food webs
Produce oxygen through photosynthesis
Provide valuable materials
Wood, Clothing (cotton), Medicine
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