KEY THINGS TO KNOW FOR APUSH Periods 6-9 1865 …€¦ · ü The policy of laissez faire during the Gilded Age led to various social and ... Order 8802 (banned discriminaon in defense

APUSH Periods 6-9 1865-Present

KEYTHINGSTOKNOWFOR

50% of the

exam

APUSH PERIOD 6: 1865-1898 (13%) 1865: Civil War Ends

Yoube3erknowabout:ü Howthefederalgovernmentplayedaveryac4veroleinwesternexpansion•  Na4veAmericanPolicy:1)War-BaAleofLiAleBighorn1876,

WoundedKnee1890,2)Forcedassimila4on-DawesSeveraltyAct1887

•  Economics:1)Subsidiestotherailroadcompanies,2)HomesteadAct=cheapland

ü  ThepolicyoflaissezfaireduringtheGildedAgeledtovarioussocialandpoli4calproblems•  Economic:1)growthoftrusts/monopolies,2)lackofenforcementof

InterstateCommerceAct1887&ShermanAn4-TrustAct1890•  Social:urbanslums,poverty(jus4fiedbybeliefsinSocialDarwinism),

riseoftheseAlementhousemovement(JaneAddams)•  Poli4cal:poli4calmachinessuchasTammanyHall&BossTweed•  Environmental:Destruc4onofnaturalresources(Growthof

conserva4onistmovement(SierraClub)

APUSH PERIOD 6: 1865-1898 (13%)

Yoube3erknowabout:ü ChallengesfacingbothlaborunionsandfarmersduringtheGildedAgeandhowtheyaAemptedtoaddressthesechallenges•  LaborUnions:Challenges:1)hos4lityfromcorpora4ons&thegovt.2)

divisionbetweenskilledvs.unskilled,immigrantvs.na4ve3)publicopinion•  Responses:UnionsformedKnightsofLabor,AmericanFedera4onofLabor2)

StrikesatHomestead1892,Pullman1894=endinviolence&defeat•  Farmers:Challenges:1)dominanceofrailroads2)mechaniza4on•  Responses:Farmersformedorganiza4onssuchasGrangeMovementand

eventuallythePopulistParty(govt.regula4onofrailroad–enforcetheInterstateCommerceAct,freesilver,incometax,directelec4onofSenators)

ü Howvariousgroupscon4nuedtofacediscrimina4on

•  AfricanAmericans:JimCrowlaws,Plessyv.Ferguson,disenfranchisement•  Immigrants:hos4litytoimmigrantsfromAsia(ChineseExclusionAct)and

the“newimmigrants”fromSouthern/EasternEurope=riseinna4vism

1898: Spanish American War (U.S. overseas expansion)

1865: Civil War Ends

APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%) 1890: Last of the Native American Wars (Wounded Knee) & Closing of the Frontier

Yoube3erknowabout:ü Themo4vesofU.S.overseasexpansionandexamplesofthatexpansion

•  Mo4ves:Economic(markets,rawmaterials),poliHcal(competewithEurope/Japan),ideological(spreaddemocracy&ChrisHanity),military(AlfredT.Mahan)

•  Examples:OpenDoorPolicyinChina,SpanishAmericanWar,WarinthePhilippines,,AnnexaHonofHawaii,PanamaCanal,etc.

ü WaysthattheProgressiveMovementsoughttousethepowerofthegovernmenttoimprovesociety•  Economic:TrustbusHng(ShermanAnH-TrustAct),MeatInspecHonAct,

PureFood&DrugAct,HepburnAct(strengthentheICC)•  Poli4cal:Effortstoexpanddemocracy-WisconsinIdea(recall,

referendum,iniHaHve),17thAmendment(directelecHonofSenators),19thAmendment(women’ssuffrage)

•  Social:Temperance(18thAmendment),childlaborlaws(LewisHines),

APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%)

Yoube3erknowabout:ü ReasonswhytheUnitedStateseventuallywentfromneutralitytofigh4nginWorldWarI,andhowWilsonplayedakeyroleinthepeaceprocess•  NeutralitytoWar:Sinkingofneutralships(Lusitania),

ZimmermanTelegram,Wilson’sidealism(“Maketheworldsafefordemocracy”)

•  Postwar:Wilson’s14Pointslargelyrejectedbytheallies,LeagueofNa4onsrejectedbytheU.S.Senate.

ü TheimpactofWorldWarIontheHomeFront•  Examples:1)SediHonActrestrictedcivilliberHes(upheldby

Schenckcase),2)GreatMigraHonofAfricanAmericanstothenorth,3)supportincreasesfor18thand19thamendments

APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%) Yoube3erknowabout:ü Howthe“RoaringTwenHes”wasnotonlyadecadeofeconomicprosperity,butalsoaHmeofincreasedtensioninAmericansociety•  ExamplesofTension:1)RedScare/PalmerRaids2)QuotaActs3)

Sacco&Vanzehtrial4)ScopesTrial5)ProhibiHon6)RacialTensions7)LostGeneraHon

ü ThewaystheNewDealrespondedtotheproblemsoftheGreatDepressionandchangedtheroleofthefederalgovernmentbycreaHngprogramsintendedtoproviderelief,recovery,andreform.•  Examples:1)SocialSecurity(safetynet)2)FDIC(bankreform)3)

WagnerAct(laborunions)WPA/CCC(publicworks)

ü ChallengestotheNewDeal:SupremeCourt(ruledsomeprogramsunconsHtuHonal),HueyLong(“ShareOurWealth”),Republicans(opposeddeficitspending&largefederalgovernment)

APUSH PERIOD 7: 1890-1945 (17%)

1945: End of World War II

to

Yoube3erknowabout:ü EffortsoftheU.S.toremainneutralpriortothea3ackonPearlHarbor

•  Examples:NeutralityActs,AmericaFirstCommi3ee(stayoutofwar),Cash&Carry,LendLeaseAct

ü TheimpactsofWW2onthehomefront:

•  GreatDepressionendsasaresultofmassmobilizaHon•  Mexican:Braceroprogram,ZootSuitRiots•  JapaneseAmericans:ExecuHveOrder9066(Internmentupheldby

Korematsucase)•  AfricanAmericans:DoubleVictorycampaign,raceriots,ExecuHve

Order8802(banneddiscriminaHonindefensework)CongressofRacialEqualityformed(CORE)

ü ThereasonswhythealliesdefeatedtheAxispowers(Big3alliance,U.S.warproducHon,andnewtechnology)

APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%) 1945: End of World War II (U.S. is a super power)

Yoube3erknowabout:ü ThevariousmethodstheU.S.usedtotrytocontain(GeorgeKennan)thespreadofcommunism•  Examples:TrumanDoctrine($toGreece/Turkey),MarshallPlan

($rebuildEurope),NATO(1stpermanentpeacealliance),WarinKoreaandVietnam

ü HowtherelaHonshipbetweentheU.S.andSovietsfluctuatedbetweenperiodsofconfronta4onanddétente•  Conflict:BerlinBlockade,KoreanWar,CubanMissileCrisis•  Détente:“SpiritofGeneva”,SALTITreaty,NixontoChina

ü WaystheUnitedStatessupportedundemocra4cgovernments,solongastheywerenon-communist•  CIAinIran&Guatemala(1950s),SupportforDieminSouth

Vietnam

APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%) Yoube3erknowabout:ü TheColdWarledtogrowingdebatesathome•  Ordervs.liberty:HUAC,McCarthyism,2ndRedScare,AlgerHiss•  Arms&SpaceRace:Eisenhower’sMilitaryIndustrialComplex

speech,LaunchingofSputnik>creaHonofNASA&federal$ed.•  An4-warMovement:opposiHontoVietnamWar(Tet1968,

bombingCambodia,MyLaimassacre)

ü CivilRightsacHvistsusedlegalchallenges,nonviolence,&directac4ontofightsegregaHonanddiscriminaHon•  Examples:Brownv.BoardofEducaHon(1954),MontgomeryBus

Boyco3(1955-56),FreedomRides(1961),FreedomSummer(1964)ü Waysthatthethreebranchesofthegovernmenteventuallyplayedaroleinadvancingthecauseofcivilrights•  Execu4ve:Trumandesegregatesthemilitary(1948)•  Judicial:Brownv.BoardofEducaHon(1954)•  Legisla4ve:CivilRightsActof1964,VoHngRightsAct1965

APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%)

Yoube3erknowabout:ü Intenseresistancefromsouthernersslowedthepaceofchange•  SouthernManifesto,Li3leRock9blockedbyGov.Faubus

ü AssouthernresistanceconHnuedandsocialandeconomicinequalityremained,disputesaroseoverthedifferentphilosophiesforchange•  StokelyCarmichael“BlackPower”,MalcolmX,BlackPanthers

ü OthergroupswereinspiredbythecivilrightsmovementandtherewasgrowingawarenessofinequaliHesinAmericansociety•  MexicanAmerican(CesarChavez),LGBT(StonewallRiots),

AmericanIndianMovement,Women(FeminineMysHque,NaHonalOrganizaHonforWomen,Roev.Wade)

APUSH PERIOD 8: 1945-1980 (15%)

1980: Election of Ronald Reagan (Conservative Movement)

to

Yoube3erknowabout:ü LiberalismundertheGreatSociety(LBJ)con4nuedtoexpandthepowerofthefederalgovernment(Progressives,NewDeal)•  Medicare,Medicaid,Povertyprograms(HeadStart,JobCorps)

CivilRightsAct1964,VoHngRightsAct1965,ImmigraHonActof1965(nomorequotas)

•  WarrenCourtdecisionsexpandeddemocracyandindividualfreedoms:Griswoldv.ConnecHcut=birthcontrol,Mirandav.Arizona=protecHonforindividualsaccusedofacrime

ü HowtheGreatSociety,WarrenCourtdecisions,andgrowingcounterculturemovements(hippies,sexualrevoluHon)ledtoaresurgenceofaconserva4vemovement(BarryGoldwater‘64,ElecHonofNixon‘68,Reagan‘80)

APUSH PERIOD 9: 1980-Present (5%) 1980: Election of Ronald Reagan (Rise of Conservatism)

Yoube3erknowabout:ü ThereasonsfortheriseoftheConserva4veMovement

•  Beliefinsocialandmoraldecaycontributestotheriseofreligiousfundamentalist(opposedtoaborHon,gaymarriage)

•  Reducedpublicfaithinthegovernmentsabilitytosolvesocial&economicproblems•  InflaHonofthe1970s,Watergate,growingdeficitofNewDeal&

GreatSocietyprogramsü TheConservaHvesdidachievesomepoli4cal/economicvictories,butdidnotcompletelyundoallgovernmentprogramsorsocialtrends•  Conserva4veWins:Reaganomics(reducedtaxes-“trickledown”

economics),deregulaHonofsomeindustries•  Conserva4veLosses:Sizeofgovt.grew(SocialSecurity,Medicare

remainedpopularprograms),aborHonsHlllegal

APUSH PERIOD 9: 1980-Present (5%)

Yoube3erknowabout:ü Knowabouttherhetoricvs.therealityofPresidentReagan’sforeignpolicy•  Rhetoric:HardcoreanHcommunist,calledSovietsthe“Evil

Empire”,rejectedpolicyofdétente,massincreaseindefensespending

•  Reality:HomieswithGorbachevthateventuallyleadstoarmscontrolagreementsandeventuallytheendoftheSovietUnion

ü Howthepost-ColdWarworldledtonewchallengesforU.S.foreignpolicymakers•  9/11a3acksleadtoWaronTerrorism-àAfghanistanwar•  BushDoctrine->preempHvestrikeagainstIraqduetoconcerns

oversupportforterrorism&WMDprogramofSaddamHussein•  ConcernsoverviolaHonsofcivilliberHesduetolegislaHonsuch

asthePatriotAct

APUSH PERIOD 9: 1980-Present (5%)

Present: The Day of Your APUSH Exam

to

Yoube3erknowabout:ü ChangestoAmericansocietysincethe1970s

•  ChangingdemographicsasincreasingnumbersofpeoplecomefromLaHnAmericaandAsia(ImmigraHonActof1965)•  SHlldebaHngthisissue---immigraHonreform?

•  ConHnueddebateovertheroleoffederalgovernment(HealthCarelaw,SocialSecurityspending,govt.surveillance

•  Lossofmanufacturingjobsoverseas,risingincomeinequality(OccupyWallStreetmovement)

•  Risingconcernsaboutclimatechange/globalwarming,energypolicy,oilconsumpHon•  Previousperiods:JohnMuirSierraClub,TRconservaHon,Rachel

Carson’s“SilentSpring”(pesHcides!),CleanAirAct(1963),creaHonofEnvironmentalProtecHonAgency(1970)

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