Kent Peterson Gulf Coast Green 2010

ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-2009

Kent W. Peterson, PE, FASHRAE, LEED®APP2S Engineering, [email protected]

Standard for the Design ofHigh-Performance Green Buildings

Optional Compliance Path in the IgCC

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS2

Learning Objectives

differentiate Standard 189.1 from green building rating systems (e.g., LEED, Green Globes)

recognize the importance of developing a code-intended standard for design of high-performance green buildings

identify mandatory provisions in Standard 189.1 to increase awareness of the intent of the standard

indentify the two compliance path options (Prescriptive and Performance) and their associated provisions in Standard 189.1


What is Standard 189.1?

ANSI standard developed in model code language

Provides minimum requirements for high-performance, green buildings

Applies to all buildings except low-rise residential buildings (same as ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1)

Optional Compliance Path included in the International Green Construction Code (IgCC)

Not a design guide, not a rating system


Standard Project Committee 189.1

Co-sponsors ASHRAE - American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air

Conditioning Engineers USGBC – U.S. Green Building Council IES - Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

Project committee Large group with diverse backgrounds

Consensus process


Goals for Standard 189.1

Establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas One “challenge” is existing green building rating systems contain

few mandatory provisions

Provide simple compliance options

Complement green building rating programs Standard is not intended to compete with green building rating

programs


Development of Standard 189.12006

Preliminary meeting ( Jun) 2007

1st public review (May-Jul) 2008

2nd public review (Feb) Committee reconstituted (Nov) 2009

3rd public review (May-Jun) 4th public review of ISCs (Sep-Oct) Publication approval (Dec) 2010

Publication ( Jan 22nd) Transition to SSPC

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011


What Happens When Green Becomes Code?

Do Buildings Get Better?

STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS 8

Standard 189.1 Building Blocks


Standard 189 Chapter Structure

x.1: Scope

x.2: Compliance

x.3: Mandatory (required for all projects)

x.4: Prescriptive option (simple option, very few calculations)

x.5: Performance option (more options, but more effort)


Standard 189.1 Topic Areas

SS

WE

EE

IEQ

MR

CO

Sustainable SitesWater Use EfficiencyEnergy EfficiencyIndoor Environmental ualityBuilding’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & ResourcesConstruction and Operations Plans


Compliance Paths

Mandatory + Prescriptive Path

Performance PathMandatory +

(simple option, very few calculations)

(more options, but more effort)


Sustainable SitesMandatory Provisions

1. Site Selection Allowable sites

• Existing building envelope• Brownfields, greyfields• Greenfield sites where 1/2 mile to:

- transit or 10 basic services, or - residential area with density > 10 units/acre

Prohibited development activity• Flood plains, • 100 of wetlands, • 150 of fish and wildlife habitat conservation area

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brownfield site: a site documented as contaminated by means of an ASTM E1903 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a site classified as a brownfield by a local, State, or

fish and wildlife habitat conservation area: areas with which state or federally designated endangered, threatened, or sensitive species have a



2. Reduce Heat Island Effect Site hardscape: 50% to be shaded

(within 5 years of planting), or be SRI 29, or shaded by structures

Walls: to be shaded on at least 30% of east and west walls up to 20 feet above grade within 5 years

Roofs (climate zones 1-3): to be SRI 78 (low-slope), 29 (steep-slope) or cool roof

solar reflectance index (SRI): a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. A standard black surface (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white surface (reflectance

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3. Reduction of Light Pollution Outdoor lighting lumen limits per parking

space, per 2 of hardscape or per 2 complete site (Standard 90.1 Addendum i)

Maximum allowable Backlight, Uplight And Glare (BUG) ratings for luminaires by lighting zone type

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Sustainable SitesPrescriptive Options

Site Development All sites:

Minimum 40% of site area to be effective pervious surface (vegetation, green roof, porous pavers) – exceptions for areas with <10 inches annual average rainfall

Greenfield sites:Minimum 20% of area to be native or adapted plants

greenfield site: a site of which 20% or less has been SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Sustainable SitesPerformance Option

Site Development Existing Building: minimum 20% Greyfield Sites: minimum 40% All Other Sites: minimum 50% of the average annual rainfall on the development footprint shall be

managed through infiltration, reuse, or evapotranspiration

greyfield site: a site of which more than 20% is already SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Water Use EfficiencyMandatory Provisions

Site Water Use Bio-diverse plantings, hydrozoning, & smart irrigation controllers

Building Water Use Plumbing fixtures & fittings, appliances, HVAC systems &

equipment, generally 40% lower than U.S. EPAct 1992 Disallow once through cooling with potable water

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hydrozoning: to divide the landscape irrigation system into sections in order to regulate each zone’s water



Water Consumption Measurement Measurement devices with remote communication capability shall

be provided to collect water consumption data

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Water Consumption Measurement

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Water Use EfficiencyPrescriptive Option

Building Water Use Reduction Cooling towers

Efficient commercial food service and laboratories

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Water Use EfficiencyPrescriptive Option

Site Water Use Max 1/3 of improved landscape can be irrigated with potable water

Special Water Features Fountain water must be from alternate source or reclaimed (no

potable water)• Exception where alternate on-site sources of water or municipally-

reclaimed water are not available within 500 of the building project site, potable water is allowed to be used for water features with less than 10,000 gallon capacity.

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Water Use EfficiencyPerformance Option

Site Water Use Reduction proposed potable water for irrigation < 35% of baseline

evapotranspiration

Building Water Use proposed water use < mandatory plus prescriptive

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evapotranspiration (ET): the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and water bodies. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss


Building Energy Codes

EN

ERGY

Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor

Preserving California’s

FOR RESIDENTIAL AND NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

20 0 8 B U I L D I NG E N E RGYE F F I C I E N C Y S T A N D A R D S

C A L I F O R N I A E N E RG Y C O M M I S S I O N

RE

GU

LA

TIO

NS

/ S

TA

ND

AR

DS

December 2008CEC-400-2008-001-CMF


Energy Efficiency Highlights

More energy efficient than Standard 90.1-2007

Renewable energy provisions

Energy measurement for verification

Electric peak load reduction

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Energy Efficiency

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Moist (A)Marine (C) Dry (B)



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Energy EfficiencyMandatory Provisions

Meet 90.1 Mandatory Requirements Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4

Provide for future on-site renewable energy power systems Building projects design shall show allocated space and pathways

for installation of on-site renewable energy systems Minimum rating of 3.7 W/2 multiplied by the total roof area Exception for locations with poor incident solar radiation

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on-site renewable energy system: photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal energy, and wind systems used to



Energy Consumption Measurement Measurement devices with remote communication capability shall

be provided to collect energy consumption data

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Energy Consumption Measurement

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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option

CZ-2 Building Envelope (IP) Roof Insulation

• 189.1: R- 25 c.i., R- 49 attic• 90.1: R- 20 c.i., R- 38 attic

Walls• 189.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity + R-5 c.i., R-7.6 c.i. mass wall• 90.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity, R-5.7 c.i. mass wall

CZ-2A Houston Non-Residential Example SS WE EE IEQ MR CO



CZ-2 Building Envelope (IP) Fenestration Assemblies

90.1 189.1nonmetal frame U-0.75 U-0.75curtainwall U-0.70 U-0.70other metal U-0.75 U-0.75SHGC 0.25 0.25

SS WE EE IEQ MR COCZ-2A Houston Non-Residential Example



Building Envelope Vertical fenestration area < 40% of the gross wall area W, S & E permanent projections for vertical fenestration (climate

zones 1-5)

Fenestration orientation (climate zones 1-4): (AreaN*SHGCN + AreaS*SHGCS) ≥ 1.1*(AreaW*SHGCW + AreaE*SHGCE)

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Projection Factor PF ≥ 0.5

CZ-2A Houston Non-Residential Example



Building Envelope Continuous air barrier requirement

• Using individual materials that have an air permeability ≤ 0.004 cfm/2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

• Using assemblies of materials and components that have an average air leakage ≤ 0.04 cfm/2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

• Testing the completed building and demonstrating that the air leakage rate of the building envelope ≤ 0.4 cfm/2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.

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continuous air barrier: the combination of interconnected materials, assemblies and flexible sealed joints and components of the building envelope that provide air-tightness to a specified permeability.



On-site renewable energy systems Annual energy production equivalent of 6

KBtu/2 of conditioned space Exception for areas with incident solar

radiation less than 4 kWh/m2-day and a cumulative purchase of green power of 70 kWh/2 of conditioned space for a period not to exceed ten years

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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option – Mechanical

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U.S. EPAct Baseline

Use equipment with U.S. EPAct baseline efficiency levels, and:

• Renewable energy system producing annually 6 kBtu/2 of conditioned floor space• Peak load reduction of 10%

Higher Efficiency

Use higher efficiency of EnergySTAR requirements and Appendix C, and:

• Renewable energy system producing annually 4 kBtu/2 of conditioned floor space• Peak load reduction of 5%

Equipment Efficiency Compliance Options



Mechanical Demand control ventilation for densely

occupied spaces Economizer cycle for units > 33,000 Btu/h

• Not required in CZ-1A, 1B or 2A Std 90.1 Seal Level A duct level Fan power to be 10% less than Std 90.1 Exhaust air energy recovery

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densely occupied space: those spaces with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people



Lighting Occupancy sensor controls Occupancy sensor controls with multi-level switching or dimming Interior lighting power to be 10% less than 90.1-2007 LPD Lighting for building security or emergency egress ≤ 0.1 W/2 Automatic controls for lighting in daylight zones

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Other Equipment Supermarket waste heat recovery system on

permanently installed refrigeration equipment in supermarkets 25,000 2 or greater

ENERGY STAR equipment and appliances if installed prior to issuance of certificate of occupancy

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Energy EfficiencyPerformance Option

Annual Energy Cost Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive

Annual Equivalent Carbon Dioxide (CO2e) Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive

Peak Electric Demand Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive

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Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions

Indoor Air uality Ventilation rates per ASHRAE Standard 62.1 VRP Outdoor air delivery monitoring

• Outdoor air flow rate monitoring of minimum outside air MERV 8 filter (MERV 13 in PM2.5 non-attainment areas) Eliminate air bypass around filters No smoking inside building Building entrance entry mat system

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Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions

ermal Environmental Conditions Comply with ASHRAE Std 55 Section 6.1 Design and 6.2

Documentation

Acoustical Control Defined STC values for exterior and interior assemblies

Daylighting by Toplighting (skylights) Targeted for large enclosed spaces in buildings ≤ three stories

Soil Gas Retarding System Brownfields or radon

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Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option

Daylighting by Sidelighting Office spaces and classrooms Minimum effective apertures Minimum interior surface visible light reflectances Minimum shading projection factors

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Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option

Materials Emissions and VOC

requirements• Adhesives and sealants• Paints and coatings• Floor covering materials• Composite wood and agrifiber

products• Office furniture systems and

seating• Ceiling and wall systems

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Indoor Environmental QualityPerformance Option

Daylighting Physical or computer model, minimum illuminance target:

30 fc (300 lux) on work surfaces, noon equinox It shall be demonstrated that direct sun does not strike the

workplane in any daylit space for more than 20% of the occupied hours during an equinox day in regularly occupied office spaces

Materials VOC emissions model for building materials per CA/DHS/

EHLB/R-174 Section 4.3

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The Building’s Impact on the AtmosphereMandatory Provisions

Construction waste management A minimum of 50% of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste

material shall be diverted

Total waste on new building projects shall not exceed 42 cubic yards or 12,000 lbs per 10,000 2 of new building area

Wood products

Refrigerants

Storage and collection of recyclables, reusable goods and fluorescent and HID lamps and ballasts

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Reduced Impact Materials Post-consumer recycled content + one-half of the pre-

consumer recycled content ≥ 10% of the total materials in the building project, based on cost

≥ 5% of building materials used shall be bio-based products, based on cost

≥ 15% of building materials or products used shall be regionally extracted/harvested/recovered or manufactured within a radius of 500 miles of the project site, based on cost

The Building’s Impact on the AtmospherePrescriptive Option

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http://www.systemsintegrationtechnologies.com/images/recycle.jpg














The Buildings Impact on the AtmospherePerformance Option

Life Cycle Assessment ISO Standard 14044 – Environmental management -- Life cycle

assessment -- Requirements and guidelines Minimum of two building alternatives e building alternative chosen for the project shall have a 5%

improvement over the other building alternative

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Construction and OperationMandatory Provisions

Plans for Construction Building Acceptance Testing Building Commissioning Erosion and Sediment Control IAQ Construction Management Moisture Control Construction Vehicles

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Construction and OperationBuilding Acceptance Testing

Activities Prior to Permit Designate an Acceptance Representative to lead, review, and

oversee

CDs shall provide details of the tests to be performed Review CDs to verify sensor locations, devices, and control

sequences are properly documented

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acceptance representative: An entity identified by the owner who leads, plans, schedules, and coordinates the activities needed to implement the building acceptance testing activities. The acceptance representative may be a qualified employee or consultant of the owner. The individual serving as the acceptance representative shall be independent of the project design and construction management, though this individual may be an employee of a firms providing those services.



Activities Prior to Building Occupancy Verify proper installation and start-up of systems Perform acceptance tests and complete test forms Verify a systems manual has been prepared

• O&M documentation• Warranty information• Information needed to understand and optimally operate the

building systems

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Systems to be Tested: Mechanical systems: HVAC, IAQ, refrigeration and associated

controls Lighting systems: daylighting controls, occupancy sensing devices

and automatic shut-off controls Renewable energy systems Water measurement devices Energy measurement devices

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Construction and OperationBuilding Project Commissioning

Required for all building projects > 5,000 2 of gross floor area

Cx satisfies Building Acceptance Testing Requirements in the Standard

Cx shall be incorporated into the pre-design, design, construction and first year of occupancy

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commissioning authority (CxA): An entity identified by the owner who leads, plans, schedules, and coordinates the commissioning team to implement the building commissioning process.



Activities Prior to Permit Designate a project commissioning authority to lead, review, and

oversee Owner Project Requirements Design team shall develop Basis of Design CxA shall review OPR and BOD CDs shall provide details of commissioning requirements Review CDs at 50% and 100% to verify documents achieve

construction phase OPR Develop a Cx Plan

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Activities Prior to Building Occupancy Verify proper installation and performance of systems to be

commissioned Verify completion of construction checklist and verification Verify training Complete preliminary commissioning report Verify a systems manual has been prepared

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verification: the process by which specific documents, components, equipment, assemblies, systems, and interfaces among systems are confirmed to comply with the criteria described in the owner’s project requirements.



Post-Occupancy Activities Complete remaining commissioning activities that can only be

completed subsequent to building occupancy Complete final commissioning report

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Systems to be Tested: Building envelope systems, components, and assemblies to verify

the thermal and moisture integrity Building envelope pressurization to confirm air tightness if

included in BOD requirements Mechanical systems: HVAC, IAQ, refrigeration and associated

controls Lighting systems: daylighting controls, occupancy sensing devices

and automatic shut-off controls Irrigation

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Systems to be Tested (continued): Plumbing Domestic water and process water pumping and mixing systems Service water heating systems Renewable energy systems Water measurement devices Energy measurement devices

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IAQ Construction Management Plan Air conveyance materials shall remain clean Post-construction, pre-occupancy flush-out

• Option A - 24-hr flush-out & baseline IAQ testing prior to occupancy

• Option B - Continuous flush-out

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Plans for Operation High-Performance Building Operation Plan

• Site sustainability• Track and assess energy and water use• Measurement & verification• Indoor air quality• Green cleaning

Maintenance plans

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Energy Efficiency Plan for Operation Initial measurement & verification

• Aer acceptance testing is complete Track and assess energy consumption

• Aer 12 months but no later than 18 months aer certificate of occupancy

• Energy usage reports (both consumption and demand)• Energy Star Portfolio Manager to track performance• Assess energy performance

verification: The process by which specific documents, components, equipment, assemblies, systems, and interfaces among systems are confirmed to comply with the criteria SS WE EE IEQ MR CO


Normative Appendices

Appendix A – Prescriptive Building Envelope Tables

Appendix B – Prescriptive Continuous Air Barrier

Appendix C – Prescriptive Equipment Efficiency Tables

Appendix D – Performance Option for Energy Efficiency

Appendix E – IAQ Limit Requirements for Office Furniture Systems and Seating

Appendix F – Building Concentrations


What is Your Best Path Forward?

Begin to understand the impact of these new requirements on your business and technical expertise

Identify what requisite skills and knowledge you will need once this standard and green codes are implemented


Further Information

Information on Standard 189.1: www.ashrae.org/greenstandard

Information on International Green Construction Code: www.iccsafe.org/cs/IGCC

ASHRAE Training on Standard 189.1

User Manual is under development to assist in understanding in how to apply the standard

http://www.ashrae.org/greenstandard

http://www.ashrae.org/greenstandard

http://www.iccsafe.org/cs/IGCC

http://www.iccsafe.org/cs/IGCC


Questions