KEEPING THE HISTORICAL HERITAGE ALIVE: Methodology and pre-assessment tool for the energy renovation of the historic residential stock of the east extension in Brussels - Aránzazu

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

KEEPING THE HISTORICAL HERITAGE ALIVE: Methodology and pre-assessment tool for the

energy renovation of the historic residential stock of the east extension in Brussels.

Aránzazu Galán González [email protected]

Joint doctorate between Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

Building, Architecture and Town planning (BATir) dpt. and

Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (ETSAM) Department of Construction and Architectural Technologies

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

Methodology

Residential Buildings

Renewal Energy House

Brussels THESIS

– Success story in the energetic refurbishment of patrimonial residential buildings

– Documental and practical basis of measures to apply

– Residential buildings constructed between 1860 and 1930 in the East Extension of Brussels

– REH location – EU capital – Existence of several

bodies and observatories in the field of renewable energy

– Special sensibility of the Local Administration with environmental protection and sustainability

– Preliminary assessment methodology

– Effectiveness of the measures evaluation

– Rehabilitation techniques identification

APPROACH

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

•31/12/2020: New constructions to be certified as nearly zero-energy buildings

•31/12/2018: Public buildings certified as nearly zero-energy buildings •No specific target for renovation.

2010/31/EU Directive

• Residential buildings consume 2/3 of the final energetic consumption of buildings representing a 70% of the built-up area

• Refurbished buildings are the leading cause of CO2 emissions • Energetic efficiency achievement requires striving to improve the energy

management of the existing residential buildings

Gaterell & McEvoy

• Construction consumes a 40% of the energetic demand • 20% reduction in the consumption of primary energy • Construction as a key factor in the energy consumption reduction

European Commission Horizon 2020

• New constructions built under passive standards • Refurbishment of public building performed by means of low energy

consumption standards • Promotion of model houses and sustainable neighbourhoods • Definition and application of a system to analyse the energy efficiency of

social housing stock • Improvement of the energetic subsidies in the regional plans

Brussels: new legislative framework in residential

buildings

JUSTIFICATION

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

STUDY FRAMEWORK

¾ Need of performing energetic refurbishment in historical residential buildings

¾ Methodology

¾ Assessment of the adequacy

¾ Eligible solutions and alternatives

Lack of energy efficiency expected improvements Unsuccessful solutions

Raise of the final budget

No identification

of incompatibilit

ies

No previous analysis

Individual Approach

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

“It  is  possible  to  define  a  methodology  to  identify  the  most  optimal  refurbishment  

solutions, with regards to the improvement of energy efficiency, to apply to any building

belonging to the stock of historical residential buildings located in the area named East

Extension of Brussels, based on a clear typological building classification and the

identification  of  the  applicable  solutions”

HYPOTHESIS

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

# Objective

1 Define a methodology to support during the energy efficiency refurbishment of historical buildings constructed between 1870 and 1930 in the East Extension of Brussels, based on the outcomes of the REH

2 This methodology will be generalizable to all the buildings belonging to the same typology.

3 The methodology must be extensible to be reused in any building typology

4 The methodology must include a continuous improvement process to adjust and to adapt the methodology by using the results and the feedback obtained from the experience.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

1992

1997

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Earth Submit (Río de Janeiro)

World Submit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburgo)

Kyoto Submit

Bonn conference

-Europe 2020 Strategy endorsement -Directive 2010/31/UE (rev .2002/91/CE)

Stern report about climate change

European Directive 2002/91/CE about building energy efficiency

[17]: Lack of technical expertise to achieve efficiency goals

Spanish royal decree 47/2007 approving energy certification

Brussels updates Construction Code

[13]: Refurbishment is the ideal solution

[15]: Potential of refurbishment in the energy efficiency improvement

[7]: Buildings emit 26% of CO2 [9]: Refurbishment more efficient than demolition and new construction

[4]: Residential buildings in the focus to reduce energy consumption

[14]: Refurbishment potential to improve energy efficiency

[18]: Energetic rehabilitation design methodology

Renewal Energy House European Council sets out actions for energy policy

New

4old

Pro

ject

STATE OF THE ART

Cost optimal levels of minimum energy performance requirements - BCR

Performance energetique et de climat interieur des batiments- BCR

Directive 2012/27/UE on energy efficiency

3enc

ult

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

ESTIMATION METHODS

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

Documental Methodology

1º Similar methodologies compilation

2º Gather information about Energy refurbishment projects focused in patrimonial and historical buildings

3º Study of the existing refurbishment solutions; parameters identification

4º Catalogue buildings in the scope of the thesis

Documental Research Initial Hypothesis revision and restatement

1º REH Study

2º Selection and detailed study of eligible buildings to be compared with the model

3º Hypothesis and Thesis Objectives restatement based on the solutions the typologies analysed.

Experimental Methodology

Methodology

1º TCS matrix construction

2º Methodology definition

Conclusions

Conclusions

1º Draw-up Conclusions

2º Proof of established hypothesis

METHODOLOGY

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

CASE STUDY: BRUSSELS EXTENSION EAST

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

SOURCE: B³-RETROTOOL project – BXL-RETROFIT Innoviris Platform AUTOR: Arnaud Evrard (UCL)

CASE STUDY: BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

BRUSSELS CAPITAL REGION:

BRUSSELS EXTENSION EAST

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

CASE STUDY: BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

Parc Leopold

Squares

1a Maison bourgeoise before 1850 1b Maison bourgeoise Leopoldian type 2a Maison bourgeoise with bel étage (1 dwelling) 2b Maison bourgeoise with bel étage (>1 dwelling) 3a Hôtel de Maître or Hôtel particulier 3b Maison de rapport 4a Modest house from before 1919 4b Modest housing from after 1918 (Garden City) 5a Maison bourgeoise - Evolution (1 dwelling) 5b Maison bourgeoise - Evolution (>1 dwelling) 6 Apparment building 7 Housing after 1945

Legend

CAPA_et_Type

<all other values>

TYPE

1a

1b

2a

2b

3a

3b

4a

4b

5a

5b

6

7

Cinquantenaire

Quartier Europeen

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

1

2

3

1

2

3

Original plans of Square Marguerite 62 Source: Personal

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

PRE-ASSESSMENT TOOL –TCS MATRIX

TCS Matrix: building Typology

building Component Solution

Continuous Improvement

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

BUILDING THE GROUND OF THE MATRIX

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

BUILDING THE GROUND OF THE MATRIX

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

PUBLICATIONS

Conference papers: A. Galán González, P. Bouillard, C. Acha Román, M. Stevanovic (2013). KEEPING THE HISTORICAL HERITAGE ALIVE: Methodology for the energy renovation of the historic residential stock of the east extension in Brussels. PLEA2013 - 29th Conference, Sustainable Architecture for a Renewable Future. Munich, Germany. A. Galán González, P. Bouillard, C. A. Acha Román, M. Stevanovic (2013). Pre-assessment tool for the evaluation of optimal renewable energy integration strategies. Case study in the extension east of Brussels. CISBAT 2013 International Conference - Cleantech for smart cities and buildings from nano to urban scale. EPFL-Lausanne. Accepted abstracts: A. Galán Gonzalez, C. A. A. R., P. Bouillard (2014). Improving energy efficiency of the historic residential stock of Brussels. CONSTEC2014 - 1st International Congress on research in Construction and Architectural Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. ETSAM. Madrid. A. Galán González, S. T., A. Athanassiadis, A. Evrard, P. Bouillard, C. A. Acha Román (2014). OLD BUILDINGS, NEW CITIES: Energy renovation strategies for the historic residential stock of Brussels. WORLD SB14, Barcelona, Spain. S. Trachte, A. E., A. Athanassiadis, A. Galán González (2014). Sustainable retrofit of the old part of dwellings stock in Brussels Capital Region PLEA 2014 - The 30th International PLEA Conference. Ahmedabad, India

DS²BE Doctoral Seminar on Sustainability Research in the Built Environment

30/04/2014

With the financial support of the Brussels Capital Region through the

Innoviris Strategic Research Platform 2012 – Brussels Retrofit XL

Aránzazu Galán González [email protected]

Thank you for your attention,

Any questions?