Radio telescopes as high-energy particle detectors Justin Bray, University of Manchester On behalf of groups: SKA-lunar: Justin Bray, Jaime Alvarez-Mu˜ niz, Stijn Buitink, Rustam Dagkesamanskii, Ron Ekers, Heino Falcke, Ken Gayley, Tim Huege, Clancy James, Maaijke Mevius, Robert Mutel, Ray Protheroe, Olaf Scholten, Ralph Spencer, Sander ter Veen SKA-EAS: Tim Huege, Justin Bray, Stijn Buitink, Richard Dallier, Ron Ekers, Heino Falcke, Clancy James, Lilian Martin, Benoit Revenu, Olaf Scholten, Frank Schroder
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Radio telescopes as high-energy particle detectors
Justin Bray, University of Manchester
On behalf of groups:
SKA-lunar: Justin Bray, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Stijn Buitink, Rustam Dagkesamanskii, Ron Ekers, Heino Falcke, Ken Gayley,
Tim Huege, Clancy James, Maaijke Mevius, Robert Mutel, Ray Protheroe, Olaf Scholten, Ralph Spencer, Sander ter Veen
SKA-EAS: Tim Huege, Justin Bray, Stijn Buitink, Richard Dallier, Ron Ekers, Heino Falcke, Clancy James, Lilian Martin,
Benoit Revenu, Olaf Scholten, Frank Schroder
Cosmic rays
Very highenergies
Very low flux
Sources notwell-understood
Magneticdeflection
(compiled by R. Engel)
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 2 / 14
Extensive air showers
Detection:ns-µs transients
nitrogen fluorescence
scintillators/Cherenkov
geomagnetic radio
Largest current detector:Pierre Auger Observatory
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 3 / 14
Energy & composition
proton iron
Shower simulations, T. Huege et al., ARENA 2012
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 4 / 14
Penetration depth: Xmax
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 5 / 14
Ground coverage
1000 500 0 500 1000West-East (m)
1000
500
0
500
1000
South
-Nort
h (
m)
LOFAR
3000 2000 1000 0 1000 2000 3000West-East (m)
3000
2000
1000
0
1000
2000
3000
South
-Nort
h (
m)
AERA
2000 1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000West-East (m)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
South
-Nort
h (
m)
SKA
Typical resolution with fluorescence detectors: ∼ 20 g/cm2
Current resolution with LOFAR: 20 g/cm2 (S. Buitink, ICRC 2013)
Resolution with SKA: 10 g/cm2 looks feasible
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 6 / 14
Lunar approach
Aperture
1018 1019 1020 1021
ECR (eV)
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
Aef
f (km
2 sr)
Band Frequency(MHz)
SKA-LOW 100-350SKA-MID 1 350-1050SKA-MID 2 950-1760
cosmic rays1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024
Eν (eV)
neutrinos
Sensitive to the top end of the cosmic-ray spectrum.Detection rate up to 1 per 100 hr with SKA1.
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 8 / 14
Arrival directions (Galactic coords)
-120 ◦0 ◦+120 ◦
-60 ◦
-30 ◦
0 ◦
+30 ◦
+60 ◦
Pierre Auger Collaboration 2010, Astropart. Phys., 34, 314;Telescope Array Collaboration 2014, ApJ, 790, 21
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 9 / 14
Arrival directions (Galactic coords)
-120 ◦0 ◦+120 ◦
-60 ◦
-30 ◦
0 ◦
+30 ◦
+60 ◦
CenA
?
Pierre Auger Collaboration 2010, Astropart. Phys., 34, 314;Telescope Array Collaboration 2014, ApJ, 790, 21
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 10 / 14
Field of view
Moon
-60 ◦ -30 ◦ 0 ◦ +30 ◦+60 ◦-60 ◦
-30 ◦
0 ◦
+30 ◦
+60 ◦
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
Dire
ctiona
l ape
rture (1
03 km
2 )
Moon
-60 ◦ -30 ◦ 0 ◦ +30 ◦ +60 ◦-60 ◦
-30 ◦
0 ◦
+30 ◦
+60 ◦
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dire
ctiona
l ape
rture (1
02 km
2 arcmin−2
)
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 11 / 14
Angular resolution
1019 1020 1021
Energy (eV)
0
5
10
15
20
Res
olut
ion
(◦)
SKA1-LOWSKA1-MID 1
SKA1-MID 2
magnetic deflection
radialtangential
Sufficient to test anisotropy.
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 12 / 14
Summary
Radio telescopes can detect cosmic rays.
Atmospheric detection:
works now
commensal operation
emission mechanisms understood
ready to start doing astrophysics
Lunar detection:
not yet, but soon
prospect of source detection
neutrinos?
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 13 / 14
Thanks for listening!
“Towards the radio-detection of cosmic particles with the SKA”
Jodrell Bank, 5–7 May 2015
http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/meetings/cosmic2015/
Justin Bray Radio telescopes as particle detectors February 13, 2015 14 / 14
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