Junosroutingoverviewall in One 140912210812 Phpapp01

7/25/2019 Junosroutingoverviewall in One 140912210812 Phpapp01

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Copyright 2003, Juniper Networks, Inc. IJNR-6.b.6.1.2

Juniper Networks

Networking Essentials

Module 1: TCP/IP Internetworking


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Copyright 2003, Juniper Networks,Inc.

Module Objecties

!"ter success"ull# co$pleting t%is $odule& #ou will be

able to' Identi"# t%e co$ponents o" an internetwork and e(plain t%e

role o" eac% co$ponent

E(plain %ow packets are routed on a )*+,I+ network

escribe t%e role o" an I+ address on an internetwork


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Internetwork E(a$ple

Network 2

12.16/.2.0

Network 1

12.16/.1.0


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ocal-!rea Networks

! co$puter network t%at spans a s$all area

*on"ined to a single building or corporate ca$pus

*an connect to ot%er !Ns t%roug% telep%one lines

and wireless connections

!N c%aracteristics di""erentiated b#'

)opolog#

+rotocols

Media


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ide-!rea Networks

! co$puter network t%at spans a large geograp%ical

area

!Ns interconnect !Ns

*o$puters connected to !N t%roug% public

telep%one s#ste$& leased lines& or wireless connection)%e Internet consists o" $an# !Ns and !N links


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Inter$ediate Internetworking eices

3ridges *onnect $ultiple !N seg$ents to "or$ a larger !N

4suall# t%e sa$e $edia t#pe

3ridges "orward broadcasts b# de"ault

Routers *onnect $ultiple !Ns but $aintain !N boundaries

*onnect !Ns across !N links

!N and !N links $a# be di""erent $edia t#pes

I$ple$ent logical network structure 5e.g.& I+ networks

Routers block broadcasts b# de"ault7witc%es

8ig%-speed $ulti-port bridges wit% $an# ports

Man# i$ple$ent 9irtual !Ns 59!Ns


7/444 Copyright 2003, Juniper Networks,Inc.

Routing on a )*+,I+ Network

Network 2

12.16/.2.0

Network 1

12.16/.1.0


8/444 Copyright 2003, Juniper Networks,Inc.

Role o" I+ and t%e I+ !ddress

!pplication

)*+,4+

I+ !ddress :

!pplication

Network-ependent Network-ependent

)*+,4+

Internet 5I+I+ +rotocol I+ +rotocol

End-to-End elier#

I+ !ddress ;


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Relations%ip o" t%e I+ !ddress to t%e

8ardware !ddress

!pplication

+resentation

7ession

)ransport

Network

M!*

+%#sical

O7I Re"erence Model

B

6

A

C

=

2

1

*

/02.=

*7M!,*

/02.C

)oken 3us

/02.A

)oken Ring

/02.2 ogical ink *ontrol

I+ !ddress


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Mapping !ddress a#ers' !R+

!ddress Resolution +rotocol 5!R+ $aps an I+ address

to a p%#sical M!* address 8ost broadcasts an !R+ reDuest to obtain a p%#sical address

I+' 12.16/.2.1

M!*' 0000.2222.1111

I+' 12.16/.2.2=

M!*' 0000.2222.2=2=

I+' 12.16/.2.2

M!*' 0000.2222.2222

I+' 12.16/.2.11

M!*' 0000.2222.0011

I+' 12.16/.2.C=

M!*' 0000.2222.C=C=

51 ReDuester sends

3RO!*!7) !R+RE?4E7)

5M!* dest F """"."""".""""& target

I+ F 12.16/.2.2=

52 ! %osts read

!R+RE?4E7)& but do not

respond i" t%e#@re not t%e

target

5= )arget %ost responds to

reDuester ia 4NI*!7)

512.16/.2.2= $aps to M!*

0000.2222.2=2=& M!* dest F

0000.2222.1111

5C ReDuester stores t%e

$apping in local !R+ cac%e

and can now co$$unicate

directl# wit% target


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ogical Network )#pes

3roadcast

Multiple sources anddestinations Gon t%e wireG

One packet can be read b#

$an# receiers

)#pical "or !Ns

E(a$ple' Et%ernet +oint-to-+oint

)wo ends,GstationsG

)#pical "or !Ns

E(a$ple' )1

Router ! Router 3


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Reiew ?uestions

1. 8ow does a router di""er "ro$ a bridgeH

2. %at is !R+H

=. %at are two t#pes o" ogical NetworksH


14/444Copyright 2003, Juniper Networks, Inc. IJNR-6.b.6.1.2

Juniper Networks


Module 2: IP Addressing

.


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Module Objecties


able to' *reate I+ addresses in binar# notation and deci$al "or$at&

and identi"# t%e corresponding address classes

e"ine subnetting and subnet $asks& and create e""ectie

subnets "or a gien network e"ine classless interdo$ain routing 5*IR& and aggregate a

gien range o" network addresses to t%e %ig%est degree

possible


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Copyright 2003, Juniper Networks,

Inc.

I$portance o" I+ !ddressing

4niDue addresses $ake in"or$ation delier# s#ste$s

work )elep%one nu$bers

+ostal addresses

I+ addressing sc%e$e integral to process o" routing I+

data t%roug% an internetwork

)wo $ajor Internet scaling issues' I+C address space depletion

Routing tra""ic gien increasing nu$ber o" networks t%at

$ake up t%e Internet


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Inc.

*lass"ul I+ !ddressing

Original *lass"ul I+ addressing de"ines a =2-bit I+

address

)wo-part Internet address structure

Network +art 8ost +art

=2-3it I+ !ddress


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Inc.

3inar# Oeriew

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3it position

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 25bit position

128

64

32

16

8 4 2 1 eci$al alue

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 12/16/2F1AC

0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 16C21F2=

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 12/6C=2/F2=2

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 6C1F6A

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12/6C=216/C21F2AA

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 12/=2/CF1B2


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Inc.

+ri$ar# !ddress *lasses

8ost

/

8ost

16

8ost

2C

8ost

8ost8ostNetwork

Network

NetworkNetwork

0

Network01 1

Network01

12/ 6C =2 16 / C 2 1

2C

16

/

*lass !

*lass 3

*lass*

No. o" bits


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Inc.

otted eci$al Notation

10101100 00010000 00100011 00001000

=1 03itK

1B2 16 =A /

1B2.16.=A./

. . .


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Inc.

8ig%-Order 3its

*lass addresses speci"ied b# t%e %ig%-order bits'

*lass 8ig%-Order 3its

*lass ! 0

*lass 3 10

*lass * 110

I+ !ddress 12.16/.21.C0 is a *lass * address'

11000000.10101000.00010101.00101000


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Inc.


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Inc.


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Inc.

e"ault Masks

Identi"# t%e location o" t%e network part 51s and %ost

part 50s o" an address

*lass ! 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

2AA . 0 . 0 . 0

*lass 3 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

2AA . 2AA . 0 . 0

*lass * 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

2AA . 2AA . 2AA . 0


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Inc.

Resered !ddresses

Network !ddress' all %ost bits are binar# 0 10.0.0.0

1B2.2=.0.0

12.16/.1C.0

3roadcast !ddress' all %ost bits are binar# 1 10.2AA.2AA.2AA

1B2.2=.2AA.2AA

12.16/.1C.2AA


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Inc.

I+C !ddress Manage$ent Issues

*entral aut%orit#' I!N!

Ine""icient allocation o" li$ited address space

I+C =2-bit address space

!ddress allocations based on organiations reDuests

rat%er t%an actual needEarl# depletion o" *lass 3 addresses


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Inc.

I+ 7ubnetting

!ll *lass"ul I+ addresses can be diided into s$aller

networks called sunets

8ost8ostNetworkNetwork01

*lass 3 !ddress' 3e"ore 7ubnetting

8ost7ubnetNetworkNetwork01

*lass 3 !ddress' !"ter 7ubnetting


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Inc.

+roble$s 7oled wit% 7ubnetting

+roides network ad$inistrators wit% e(tra "le(ibilit#

+roides $ore e""icient use o" network address

utiliation

*ontains broadcast tra""ic broadcast will not cross a

router

7ubnets under local ad$inistrator control

E(ternal users and organiations see onl# single

network


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Inc.

7ubnet Mask

8ost7ubnetNetworkNetwork

E(a$ple subnet $ask "or *lass 3 address

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03inar#

Representation

otted eci$al

Representation 2AA 2AA 2AA 0...


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Inc.

7ubnet E(a$ple 1

!ssigned Network Nu$ber' 1B2.2A.0.0,16

*reate 2A6 subnets 1B2.2A.0.0,2C

1B2.2A.1.0,2C

1B2.2A.2.0,2C

1B2.2A.=.0,2C

.

.

.

1B2.2A.2AA.0,2C


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Inc.

7ubnet E(a$ple 2

!ssigned Network Nu$ber' 12.16/.1.0,2C

*reate C subnets 12.16/.1.0,26

12.16/.1.6C,26

12.16/.1.12/,26

12.16/.1.12,26


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Inc.

7ubnet E(a$ple =

!ssigned Network Nu$ber' 10.0.0.0,11

*reate / subnets 10.0.0.0,11

10.=2.0.0,11

10.6C.0.0,11

10.6.0.0,11

10.12/.0.0,11

10.160.0.0,11

10.12.0.0,11

10.22C.0.0,11


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Inc.

Prowt% o" t%e Internet

)%e Internet is toda#@s largest public data network

*onnects $illions o" users worldwide

Ongoing tec%nical adance$ents in networking

%ardware contribute to growt%

Increasing nu$ber o" networks oer t%e past decade


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Inc.

Prowt% o" Internet Routing )ables

*aused b# Internet e(pansion

3ackbone routers $ust $aintain co$plete Internet

routing in"or$ation

!dditional "actors include' Increased *+4 processing speed "or routing table topolog#

updates

#na$ic nature o" toda#@s

Increased olu$e o" dierse in"or$ation

I+ Ne(t Peneration 5I+6

ong-ter$ solution& but deplo#$ent is li$ited

I+C $odi"ied to allow continued growt%


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Inc.

*lassless Inter-o$ain Routing

*IR ignores t%e concept o" Network !ddress *lasses

Reduces t%e a$ount o" route adertise$ents

No *IR

12.16/.6A ,2C

*IR

12.16/.6C ,22

12.16/.6C.0

.6A.0

.66.0

.6B.0

12.16/.66 ,2C

12.16/.6B ,2C

12.16/.6C ,2C


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Inc.

I$plications o" *IR on t%e Router

*IR o""iciall# docu$ented in 1=

*IR supports "ollowing i$portant "eatures t%at bene"it

global Internet routing s#ste$' Ignores traditional concept o" *lass !& 3& and * network

addresses

7upports route aggregation w%ere single routing table entr#can represent address space o" t%ousands o" traditional

class"ul routes


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Inc.

*IR !ddress !llocation E(a$ple

!llocate ariable-lengt% blocks "ro$ 12.16/.16,20

3lock

K112.16/.16.0,21

12.16/.=0.0,2=

12.16/.2/.0,2=

12.16/.2C.0,22

3lock

K2

3lock

K=

3lockKC


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Inc.

*IR Routing in a *lassless Eniron$ent

I7+ 1

Internet

Organiation 21B2.2A.2C.0,22

I7+ 2

12.16/.0.0,16

1B2.16.0.0,16

Organiation 11B2.2A.16.0,21

Organiation C1B2.2A.=0.0,2=

Organiation =1B2.2A.2/.0,2=


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Inc.

J4NO7 7upport "or *IR

J4NO7 supports *IR

e"ined in R


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Inc.

+riate I+ !ddresses 5R


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Inc.

Reiew ?uestions

1. )o select I+ addresses "or an I7+& w%ere would #ou

beginH

2. 8ow are subnets i$ple$ented on an I+ networkH

=. %en would #ou i$ple$ent *IR on an I+ networkH

C. %at is t%e purpose o" +riate !ddressing and %ow isit use"ulH


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Inc.

ab 1' I+ 7ubnetting

Note' 9arious Junos *I co$$ands will be used during

t%is lab t%at %ae not #et been discussed. !ll *I

co$$ands will be "ull# e(plained in t%e sunseDuent

sections.


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Juniper Networks


Module 3: !outer "#si$s

O


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Inc.

Module Objecties

!"ter success"ull# co$pleting t%is $odule& #ou s%ould

be able to' escribe t%e "unction o" a router and e(plain %ow a router

works to route packets on a network

E(plain t%e concepts o" routing $etrics and route selection on

an Internet network

% I R i H


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Inc.

%at Is RoutingH

!ct o" $oing in"or$ation across logical pat% "ro$ a

source to a destination

Routers eter$ine t%e best routing pat%s

)ransport in"or$ation groups& or packets& t%roug% an

internetwork

Routers s. bridges and switc%es 3ridges and switc%es operate at a#er 2& t%e ata ink la#er

Routers operate at a#er = 5t%e Network la#er

3 i R t < ti


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Inc.

3asic Router


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Inc.

8ow Routers Operate

Network !ccess a#erIdenti"ies bits on t%e $ediu$at router inter"aces

Internetwork a#er


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Inc.

+acket +rocessing

1. Receie packet& c%eck 2 in"o.

2. Read = %eader to deter$ine destination address.

=. +er"or$ longest-$atc% lookup "or = destination in"orwarding table and select t%e appropriate outbound p%#sical

inter"ace.

C. Encapsulate t%e packet wit% t%e appropriate 2 %eader,trailer

and trans$it.

A. PO )O 7)E+ 1' Receiing router does it all oer again.Q

+acket

51 Inbound'

Receie bits

etect "ra$e

Re$oeencapsulation

52 I+ lookup 5= 7elect outbound inter"ace

5C Outbound'

Re-encapsulate

)rans$it bits

I+ + k t < t


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Inc.

I+ +acket


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Inc.

I+ !ddresses eter$ine Route estination

%at is t%e longest-$atc%

pre"i( "or t%is packetH

Network 8ost 8ost 8ost*lass !

2C

Network Network 8ost 8ost*lass 3

16

Network Network Network 8ost*lass *

/

1C

21

No. 3its B

0

1 0

1 1 0

12C/16=26C12/

7electing Routes "or


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Inc.

7electing Routes "or


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Inc.

Routing )ables

+acket@s destination address is "or' One o" t%e router@s inter"aces or a broadcast address

+acket is "or an internal router process

!n# ot%er known address

+acket $ust be routed

4nknown address ook "or de"ault route. I" none e(ists& packet is dropped

+acket In +acket Out

* t t " R ti ) bl


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Inc.

*ontents o" a Routing )able

Mini$u$ contents o" routing table' estination pre"i(

Ne(t-%op I+ address

)%e ne(t router downstrea$& closer to t%e destination

inet.0: 12 destinations, 12 routes (12 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = oth

10.0.21.0!2" *#$irect!0% 1&:"':1 via i0.0

10.0.21.2!2 *#Local!0% 1&:"':1 Local

10.0.2.0!2" *#$irect!0% 1&:"':1 via i1.0

10.0.2.1!2 *#Local!0% 1&:"':1 Local

12.1'.1.0!2" *#R/!100% 00:0:" to 10.0.21.1 via 340.0

12.1'.1&.0!2" *#R/!100% 00:0:" to 10.0.21.1 via 340.0

12.1'.2'.0!2" *#5tatic!% 1:"':0 $iscard

12.1'.2.0!2" *#5tatic!% 1:"':0 $iscard

+ l ti R ti ) bl


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Inc.

+opulating a Routing )able

7tatic and de"ault routes 7peci"ic pre"i(es not learned ia a protocol

e"ault used w%en a partial $atc% cannot be $ade

#na$ic routing protocols Routers co$$unicate reac%abilit# in"or$ation

inet.0: & destinations, & routes (& active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = oth

10.0.21.0!2" *#$irect!0% 01:00:1 via i0.0

10.0.21.2!2 *#Local!0% 01:00:1 Local10.0.2.0!2" *#$irect!0% 01:00:1 via i1.0

10.0.2.1!2 *#Local!0% 01:00:1 Local

12.1'.1.0!2" *#R/!100% 00:0:" to 10.0.21.1 via i0.0

Route 7election


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Inc.

Route 7election

Route selection is based on' ongest& or $ost speci"ic& $atc%

+re"erences& "or di""erent protocols

Routing $etrics& "or sa$e protocol

Pien $ultiple routes to a destination& t%e router $ust

select t%e best routeoad balancing $a# be considered

Route 7election' ongest Matc%


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Inc.

Route 7election' ongest Matc%

Most speci"ic address is $atc%ed' 8ost route

7ubnet

7u$$ar# route& or group o" subnets

Major network nu$ber

7upernet& or group o" $ajor networks e"ault address

Route 7election' +re"erence


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Inc.

Route 7election' +re"erence

Routing protocol processes calculate t%e actie route

"ro$ all routes in t%e routing table

+re"erence routes are placed in t%e "orwarding table

)%e actie route is t%e route wit% t%e lowest pre"erence

alue +re"erence is a alue in t%e range o" 0 t%roug% 2AA

+re"erence is used to rank routes receied "ro$ di""erent

protocols& inter"aces& or re$ote s#ste$s

Identi"ies t%e elie%#ilit&o" a source in deter$ining

best route

Route 7election' Routing Metrics


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Inc.

Route 7election' Routing Metrics

Routing $etrics are generall# a $easure$ent o" cost or

oer%ead

Metrics are protocol-speci"ic 4sed to deter$ine t%e best route "or a single protocol

on@t co$pare $etrics "ro$ di""erent routing protocolsS

apples s. oranges


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Inc.


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Inc.

Metrics

+ossible routing $etrics include' 8op count

*o$posite inde(,$etric

3andwidt%' !$ount o" data t%at can be trans$itted in a "i(ed a$ount

o" ti$e

ela#' )ransit latenc# o" pat%

*o$$on practice is to link bandwidt% as a $easure o"

cost& like a toll"or t%e router

+at% $etrics are calculated b# adding t%e inter"ace

$etrics along t%e pat%

Reiew ?uestions


61/444


Inc.

Reiew ?uestions

1. %at "unctions does a router per"or$H

2. %at "unctions does a routing algorit%$ per"or$H

=. %at is t%e relations%ip between a routing table and a

"orwarding tableH

C. %at "actors a""ect %ow a router $akes a route

selectionH

A. %at is a $etric and %ow does a router use $etrics to

$ake routing decisionsH


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Introduction to Juniper Networks Routers

Module 4: M'series #nd T'series

Produ$t (%er%iew

Module Objecties


63/444


Inc.

Module Objecties


able to' Matc% Juniper Networks& Inc. products wit% t#pical

applications in a serice proider network

escribe t%e arc%itecture o" Juniper Networks M-series and

)-series plat"or$s

escribe t%e "unction o" t%e RE&


64/444


Inc.

Juniper Networks Role in t%e Internet

%ere we are goingQ Networking %ardware eolution

Juniper Networks' t%e co$pan#

Juniper Networks M-series and )-series plat"or$s oeriew

MA,M10 and t%e MBi,M10i routers

M20 router

MC0 router

MC0e router

M160 router

)6C0 Internet routing node

)=20 router M=20 Router

Networking 8ardware Eolution


65/444


Inc.

Networking 8ardware Eolution

)%e "irst routers were general-purpose co$puters

7ingle *+4& R!M& $onolit%ic operating s#ste$ ow-speedserial inter"aces

Networking adance$ents' More +*s attac%ed to networks

Increased application bandwidt% consu$ption

Increased trans$ission speeds 7ingle-*+4 router arc%itecture could not keep upT

Juniper Networks broke tradition wit%' 7pecialied operating s#ste$

+rotected $e$or#& $ulti-tasking

8ardware-based packet "orwarding Juniper Networks M-series and )-series routers i$ple$ent ke# "unctions on

!7I*s

7eparation o" two eDuall# co$ple( proble$sSInternet control and %ig%-per"or$ance packet "orwarding

Juniper Networks' )%e *o$pan#


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Inc.

Juniper Networks' )%e *o$pan#

3usiness'

*onerts bandwidt% into scalable& di""erentiable I+ sericesusing a new class o" integrated silicon- and so"tware-based

routing s#ste$s

Juniper Networks sells solutions& not just routers

Mission' )o be t%e pri$ar# supplier o" scalable& reliable&

%ig%-per"or$ance I+ s#ste$s "or t%e new I+ in"rastructure

Market' 7upplies s#ste$s to nu$erous worldwide $arkets t%at

proide %ig%-speed I+ serices in bot% t%e core and edgeeniron$ents

Juniper Networks +roduct +ositioning


67/444


Inc.

Juniper Networks +roduct +ositioning

+7)N,+7)N,

MobileMobile M-series,)-series+lat"or$s

7$all,Mediu$ Enterprise

7O8O,RO3Oarge Enterprise

Education

7erice +roider

Network*onsu$erEdge' 3-R!75E-series Routers

3usiness Edge

5E-series,M-seriesRouters

ResidentialResidential

*ore

)%e E-series


68/444


Inc.

7eries o" %ig%-per"or$ance broadband re$ote access

serers 53-R!7 )%e result o" 4nisp%ere acDuisition in $id-2002

E-series edge router operation and con"iguration is

coered in arious E-series router-speci"ic class o""erings 7ee %ttp',,www.juniper.net,training "or details

)%e E-series


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Inc.

M-series and )-series +roduct ine 51 o" 2


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Inc.

M-series and )-series +roduct ine 52 o" 2

*o$$on so"tware i$age,"eature set across all plat"or$sT

! *ontinuing 8istor#

o" Rapid Innoation

$e%. 2002

MC0eRouter

"ept. 2003

)6C0 InternetRouting Node

)=20 Router

&ugust 2002

. . .

Dec. 200

MBi

M10i


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Inc.

M-series and )-series 8ardware Oeriew


72/444


Inc.

M-series and )-series 8ardware Oeriew

%ere we are goingQ

Peneral M-series and )-series plat"or$ arc%itecture

8ardware oeriew

Routing Engine

+acket


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Inc.

!ll M-series and )-series plat"or$s s%are t%e sa$e basicdesign p%ilosop%#

*lean separation o" control and "orwarding

Routing Engine $aintains routing table 5R) and pri$ar#cop# o" "orwarding table 5


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Inc.

Routing Engine Oeriew

J4NO7 so"tware resides in "las% $e$or#

3ackup cop# aailable on %ard drie

+roides "orwarding table to t%e +acket


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Inc.

*urrent Routing Engine *%aracteristics

+*M*I!"las% card,7-120E(ternal $edia

6.C P38ard disk storage

/0 M37olid state

"las% storage

B6/ M3Me$or#

+entiu$ III,=== M8+rocessor,clock

RE-===

coniure

[edit]

lab@omaha# edit interaces so-1!0!

[edit interaces so-707$]

lab@omaha# set unit 0 a;il6 inet address 10.0.20.1!2"

lab@omaha# co;;it

ispla#ed asinteraces K

so-1!0! K

unit 0 K

a;il6 inet K

address 10.0.20.1!2"

M

M

M

M

Reiew ?uestions

1. %at are t%e two t#pes o" *I $odesH

% t t% i t " t d H


197/444


Inc.

2. %at are t%e inter"ace t#pes and na$esH

=. %at are t%e two per$anent inter"acesH

C. %at are t%e two basic inter"ace c%aracteristicsH

A. %at are so$e e(a$ples o" p%#sical inter"ace settingsH

6. %at are so$e e(a$ples o" logical inter"ace settingsH

ab 2' *I *on"iguration


198/444


Inc.

ab objectie'

Introduction to Juniper *I


199/444


Juniper Networks


Module 7: !outing Proto$ol "#si$s

Module Objecties

!"ter success"ull# co$pleting t%is $odule& #ou s%ould

b bl t


200/444


Inc.

be able to' E(plain t%e di""erence between static routing and d#na$ic

routing& and e(plain w%en to use eac% t#pe o" routing

escribe t%e c%aracteristics and operation o" distance ector

and link-state routing protocols

E(plain %ow network conergence occurs and proide real-li"ee(a$ples

E(plain %ow routes are selected on a routed network and

routing $etrics

E(plain t%e role o" interior gatewa# protocols and e(terior

gatewa# protocols& including 3order Patewa# +rotocol 53P+ E(plain %ow J4NO7 so"tware i$ple$ents routing tables and

routing polic#

)#pes o" Routes

7tatic


201/444


Inc.

!ll packets "orwarded to predeter$ined destinations de"ined

b# an ad$inistrator

#na$ic +ackets are "orwarded to d#na$icall# calculated routes

deter$ined b# a routing protocol

7tatic Routing

3ene"its


202/444


Inc.

Pood "or s$all networks

*an %elp create a secure network

E""icientl# uses router resources

rawbacks oes not %andle network "ailures well

oes not scale well

7tatic Routing E(a$ple

estination Ne(t 8op

10 i t


203/444


Inc.

Network

12.16/.A

Network

1B2.16

Network

10

Network 12.16/.6

10 irect

1B2.16 Router 3

12.16/.A Router *

12.16/.6 Router *estination Ne(t 8op

10 Router !

1B2.16 Router 3

12.16/.A irect

12.16/.6 Router estination Ne(t 8op

10 Router !1B2.16 irect

12.16/.A Router *

12.16/.6 Router *

estination Ne(t 8op

12.16/.6 irect

e"ault Router *

Router !

Router 3 Router *

Router

7tatic Routing wit% ink


204/444


Inc.

Network

12.16/.A

Network

1B2.16

Network

10

Network 12.16/.6

1B2.16 Router 3

12.16/.A Router *

12.16/.6 Router *estination Ne(t 8op

10 4nreac%able

1B2.16 Router 3

12.16/.A irect

12.16/.6 Router estination Ne(t 8op

10 Router !

1B2.16 irect

12.16/.A Router *

12.16/.6 Router *

estination Ne(t 8op

12.16/.6 irect

e"ault Router *

Router !

Router 3 Router *

Router


205/444


Inc.

%andle link "ailuresT

! "loating static route is

a backup static route

t%at is less pre"erred

t%an $ore direct routes

5static or d#na$ic


206/444


Inc.

Routing tables Neig%bors

Inter"ace status !ll routers

istance-9ector

ink-7tate

w%atH w%o$H

Routing +rotocol *onergence

*onergence' w%en all routers in a gien routing do$ain ac%iee

a consistent iew o" t%at routing do$ain


207/444


Inc.

a consistent iew o" t%at routing do$ain

Routing protocols $ust ac%iee conergence in order to routepackets consistentl# "ro$ one location to anot%er

Interior and E(terior Patewa# +rotocols

Interior Patewa# +rotocols 5IP+s

Routing protocols t%at run wit%in an autono$ous s#ste$ 5!7


208/444


Inc.

!7 1 !7 2

IP+ IP+EP+

3order

Patewa#

+rotocol

IP+s

RI+

O7+t Eut>t EutQ


277/444


Inc.

inet.0: destinations, routes ( active, 0 holddown, 1 hidden)

rei3 e3tho4 G$ Lcl4re A5 4ath

10.0.0.0!' 12.1'.1.1 100 /

1&2.1.0.0!12 1&2.1.1.1 100 /

show route advertisin-4rotocol 84 #addr$ ook at routes being adertised to a speci"ic peer

user7host show route advertisin-4rotocol 84 10.1.1.2

inet.0: 10 destinations, 10 routes (' active, 0 holddown, 2 hidden)

rei3 e3tho4 G$ Lcl4re A5 4ath10.0.0.0!' 5el 100 /

1&2.1.0.0!12 5el 100 /

ab B' 3P+ *on"iguration ab


278/444


Inc.

ab objectie'

*on"igure a Juniper Networks router wit% a $ini$al

3P+ con"iguration

Reiew ?uestions

1. On w%at t#pe o" network would #ou i$ple$ent 3P+H

2. 8ow does 3P+ adertise routesH

=. 8ow would a t#pical I7+ design a network to support


279/444


Inc.

=. 8ow would a t#pical I7+ design a network to support

3P+H raw a sa$ple network.


280/444


!danced 9+Ns

Module 10: MP- !e%iew #nd

"#$kground In.or#tion

Module Objecties

3asic Reiew o" M+7

8ig%-eel Oeriew o" )ra""ic Engineering

M+7 )er$inolog#


281/444


Inc.

M+7 )er$inolog#

Resource Reseration +rotocol

Na$ed +at% ia E(plicit Route Objects

*onstraint-3ased Routing Oeriew !d$inistratie Proups


282/444


Inc.

M+7 )er$inolog#





283/444


Inc.

p # g g g Enables $ulti-serice networking

Integrates priate and public networks sea$lessl#

)ra""ic Engineering

7ource estination


284/444


Inc.

!bilit# to control tra""ic "lows in t%e network Opti$ies aailable resources

Moes tra""ic "ro$ IP+ pat% to less congested pat%

a#er = Routing )ra""ic Engineering

)ra""ic Engineering 4ses

it% tra""ic engineering& #ou can' Route pat%s around bottlenecks

+roide concise tra""ic control


285/444


Inc.

+roide e""icient bandwidt% use

En%ance an I7+@s tra""ic-oriented per"or$ance

En%ance statisticall# bound per"or$ance c%aracteristics o"

t%e network

+roide $ore options& lower costs& and better serice


286/444


Inc.

!genda' M+7 Reiew

3asic Reiew o" M+7


M+7 )er$inolog#


287/444


Inc.

g#





288/444


Inc.

g g p

+acket "orwarding co$ponent


289/444


Inc.


290/444


Inc.

In"or$ation istribution

IP+ e(tensions propagate in"or$ation I7-I7 uses t#pe,lengt%,alue 5)9 tuples

O7+< uses opaDue 7! t#pe 10I " ti i t d it%i ,l l l


291/444


Inc.

In"or$ation is propagated wit%in area,leel onl#

In"or$ation propagated 3andwidt% aailable

+ree$ption priorit# ink a""init# 5link colors

Router I


292/444


Inc.

+at% 7election

Ingress

Egress

7R


293/444


Inc.

)wo $ain approac%es or a %#brid approac%

O""line pat% calculation 5in-%ouse or t%ird-part# tools

Online pat% calculation 5constraint-based routing 8#brid approac% proides t%e accurac# o" o""line approac%

wit% "ailure recoer# capabilit#

7+

7R

+at% 7ignaling #na$ic pat% creation reDuires a signaling protocol to'

*oordinate label distribution

Route t%e 7+ e(plicitl#


294/444


Inc.

Resere bandwidt% 5optional

+roide class-o"-serice capabilit# 5i""7er st#le

Reassign resources 5like bandwidt%

+ree$pt e(isting 7+s

+reent loops

+at% 7ignaling +rotocols

)%e IE)< M+7 arc%itecture does not assu$e

a single protocol "or assigning and distributing labels

+ E(ecutes %op b# %op


295/444


Inc.

E(ecutes %op b# %op

7elects sa$e p%#sical pat% as IP+

7upports reduced 7+ co$ple(it#

R79+

E(tends easil# "or e(plicit routes and label distribution

eplo#ed b# proiders in production networks

! well-known signaling protocol

*R-+

E(tends + to support e(plicit routes


296/444


Inc.

+acket


297/444


Inc.

!ssigned a label

Encapsulated in an M+7 %eader


298/444


Inc.





299/444


Inc.

abel


300/444


Inc.

M+7 )er$inolog#' M+7 7%i$ 8eader

))abel 520 bits *o7 7


301/444


Inc.

M+7 s%i$ %eader "ields' abel 5

E(peri$ental 5*o7

7tacking bit 57

)i$e to lie 5)) Resered and pre-de"ined label alues

=2

bits

I+ +acket2 8eader M+7 8eader


302/444


Inc.


303/444


Inc.

M+7 )er$inolog#' abel 7wapping

+ort 1 +ort 2

*onnection )able

In

5port& label

Out

5port& label

51& 22 52& 1B

abel

Operation

7wap

2AI+


304/444


Inc.

+ort = +ort C

5 &

51& 2C

51& 2A

52& 2=

5 &

5=& 1B

5C& 1

5=& 12

p

7wap

7wap

7wap

1I+

M+7 )er$inolog#' Router )#pes

7an

New ;ork

Ingress

7R )ransit

7R) it

Egress

7R


305/444


Inc.

7an


306/444


Inc.

+acket


307/444


Inc.

Ingress 7R deter$ines


308/444


Inc.

200.=.2.B

1=C.A.1.A

200.=.2.B

1

200.=.2.1

Ingress Routing )able

estination Ne(t 8op

1=C.A,16

200.=.2,2C

5=&

5=&

M+7 )ableIn Out

51& 52& A6

M+7 )ableIn Out

5=& A6 5A& =

estination

Egress Routing )ableNe(t 8op

1=C.A,16

200.=.2,2C

1=C.A.6.1

200.=.2.1

200.=.2.B

200.=.2.B

200.=.2.BA6200.=.2.B

=

2 = A

3P+ Ne(t 8op

12.16/.2.1

12.16/.2.1

o0'12.16/.2.1

)est "or 4nderstanding

C2C2

2CI+

1/1/

2CI+2AI+ 2CI+ A6I+

+enulti$ate 8op +ops abelabel 7tacking


309/444


Inc.

%at label alue does t%e egress 7R "or t%e tunneling7+ signal to t%e penulti$ate 7R so t%at label 1/ ispopped o"" t%e top o" t%e stackH

+enulti$ate 7R

)unneling 7+

!genda' M+7 Reiew

3asic Reiew o" M+7


M+7 )er$inolog#

R R ti + t l


310/444


Inc.



*onstraint-3ased Routing Oeriew

!d$inistratie Proups


311/444


Inc.

)ransports and $aintains tra""ic and polic# para$eters t%at

are opaDue to R79+

7i$ple( reserations "or unicast tra""ic

Receier-oriented resource allocation Maintains so"t state "or grace"ul c%anges o"'

Multicast $e$bers%ip

Routing

Multiple reseration st#les

7upports I+C and I+6

R79+ 7ession

R1 RC R/ R

RE79

+!)8

Ingress

Router

Egress

Router

8ost

8ost


312/444


Inc.

*an %ae si$ultaneous& $ultiple& independent

sessions

7ession is data "low de"ined b# t%ree para$eters 5destinationaddress& protocol I& destination port

R79+ sessions are between %osts& not just routers

4se traceo4tionsto s%ow session creation in"or$ation'

ay " $:2%:&2 1D neB 1ession !2,%","0,(port 3) roto 0

ay " $:2%:&2 1D neB path state session !2,%","0,(port 3) roto 0

ay " $:2%:&2 1D neB res+ state session !2,%","0,(port 3) roto 0

R79+ Messaging +rotocol

R1 RC R/ RRes

+at%

Ingress

Router

Egress

Router

8ost 8ost

Establis% +at%

7tate 3lock


313/444


Inc.

R79+ $essage t#pes

+at%' establis%es state Res' reseres resources

+at%)ear' re$oes pat% state

Res)ear' re$oes reseration state

+at%Err' error $essage sent upstrea$ to sender

ResErr' establis%es blockade state Res*on"' $essage con"ir$ing reseration reDuest

+at% and res state block data structures store so"tstate in"or$ation

Establis% Res

7tate 3lock


314/444


Inc.

)ra""ic Engineering E(tensions +at% $essage e(tensions

Mandator#' 7ession object' identi"ies t%at t%e R79+ session will be an 7+ tunnel

abel reDuest object' reDuests 7Rs to proide a label binding

Optional' E(plicit route object 5ERO' speci"ies predeter$ined pat%& independent o"


315/444


Inc.

p j 5 p p p & pIP+ pat%

Record route object 5RRO' lists t%e 7Rs t%at t%e 7+ tunnel traerses

7ession attribute object' aids in session identi"ication& and also controlspat% setup priorit#& %olding priorit#& and local-rerouting "eatures

Res $essage e(tensions Mandator#'

abel object' per"or$s t%e upstrea$-on-de$and label distributionprocess

7ession object' uniDuel# identi"ies t%e 7+ being establis%ed

7t#le object' speci"ies t%e reseration st#le 5"i(ed-"ilter or

s%ared-e(plicit Optional'

Record route object' returns t%e 7+s pat% to t%e sender o" t%e pat%$essage

+at% MessageIngress

7R

Egress

7R

E(plicit Route F YR1& R2& R=& RCZ

+!)8

EROF YR2& R=& RCZ

+!)8

EROF YR=& RCZ

+!)8

EROF YRCZ

R1 R2 R= RC


316/444


Inc.

R79+ pat% $essage

E(plicit route is passed to R1 R1 trans$its a pat% $essage addressed to RC

abel reDuest object reDuests label binding

ERO F Ystrict R2& strict R=& strict RCZ 5optional "ield

Record route object lists nodes isited 5optional "ield

7ession object identi"ies 7+ na$e

7ession attributes controls priorit#& pree$ption& "ast reroute 5optional"ield

7ender )spec reDuests bandwidt% reseration

Eac% router acts on R79+ packet because o" router alertoption

Establis% +at%

7tate 3lockEstablis% +at%

7tate 3lock

Establis% +at%

7tate 3lock

R1 R2 R= RC


317/444


Inc.


318/444


Inc.

Res MessageIngress

7R

Egress

7R

R1 R2 R= RCRE79

abel F 20

RE79

abel F =

RE79

abel F 1B

i= i6 i2 iA iCi2

+enulti$ate

7R


319/444


Inc.

M+7 )able

In Out

56&205=& 1B

M+7 )able

In Out

52&1BI+ Route

M+7 )able

In Out

5A&+op52& 20

Res $essage

RC trans$its a res $essage to R= abel F = 5indicates t%at penulti$ate 7R s%ould pop %eader

7ession object uniDuel# identi"ies t%e 7+

7t#le object identi"ies "i(ed "ilter or s%ared e(plicit

Record route object lists nodes isited 5optional "ield

R= and R2 7tores outbound label& allocates an inbound label

)rans$its res $essage wit% inbound label to upstrea$ 7R

R1 binds label to


320/444


Inc.

!genda' M+7 Reiew 3asic Reiew o" M+7


M+7 )er$inolog# Resource Reseration +rotocol


321/444


Inc.






322/444


323/444


Inc.

Na$ed +at% ERO' 7trict Route

Ne(t %op $ust be directl# connected to preious %op


324/444


Inc.

!


325/444


Inc.

!


326/444


Inc.

! 3

7R

Ingress

7R

* strict

loose

< strict

ERO

7trict

oose

Na$ed +at% *odempls E

traic-engineering bgp-igpF

label-sBitched-path le E

to !2,%",2&,F

primary oneF

G

label sBitched path le2 E


327/444


Inc.

label-sBitched-path le2 E

to !2,%",2,F

primary oneF

G

path one E

!2,%",20, looseF

G

isis E

traic-engineering shortctsF

interace all E

le+el disableF

G

G

4se loopback address

instead o" inter"ace address&so loose section o" pat%

can reroute i" necessar#

lab@HongIong> show ;4ls ls4

8ngress L1: 2 label-sBitched paths

'o


328/444


Inc.

!2,%",2, !2,%",%, *p 2 one A le2

!2,%",2&, !2,%",%, *p ; one A le

'otal 2 displayed *p 2 9oBn 0

Jgress 1D: 0 sessions


'ransit 1D: 0 sessions


!genda' M+7 Reiew 3asic Reiew o" M+7


M+7 )er$inolog# Resource Reseration +rotocol


329/444


Inc.






330/444


Inc.

ink color

+at% deter$ined according to ad$inistratie constraints o"7+

Ma(i$u$ %op count 3andwidt%

7trict or loose routing

!d$inistratie groups

+riorit#

+runes non-Duali"#ing pat%s t%en per"or$s an 7+show route ta8le ;4ls.0

mpls,0: % destinations % rotes (% acti+e 0 holddoBn 0 hidden)

M N cti+e ote - N Last cti+e A N oth

0 A[L170] 02:&3:&3 metric

ecei+e A[L170] 02:&3:&3 metric

ecei+e

0000$ A[1D73] 00:00:;$ metric


373/444


Inc.

> to 0,0,2&,2 +ia e-07072,0 label-sBitched-path HI-

0000$(1N0) A[1D73] 00:00:;$ metric


0000& A[1D73] 00:00:;$ metric


0000&(1N0) A[1D73] 00:00:;$ metric


ispla#ing R79+ 7ession In"or$ationlab@1an show rsv4 session

8ngress 1D: 2 sessions

'o


374/444


Inc.

Jgress 1D: 2 sessions detors

'o


375/444


Inc.

ispla#ing Neig%bor In"or$ation

lab@1an show rsv4 neih8or

1D neighbor: $ learned

ddress 8dle *p79n LastChange Hello8nt Hello'=7= sgc+d sg'ype

0,0,$, 0 70 ;:$;:$3 $ 2!$2%7%;;% ";0 athes+

0,0,&,2 0 70 2Bd 22:;&:2; $ &&";227&&"$! %&03 athes+


376/444


Inc.

0,0,;,2 ; 70 ;:$;:&2 $ 2!$%7%;;3 $0;"3 athes+

ispla#ing R79+-Enabled Inter"aces

lab@1an show rsv4 interace

1D interace: $ acti+e

cti+e 1bscr- 1tatic +ailable eser+ed HighBater

8nterace 1tate res+ iption ? ? ? mar6

=p0 0 *p 0 00O 00bps 00bps 0bps 0bps


377/444


Inc.

=p0,0 *p 0 00O 00bps 00bps 0bps 0bps

e-07072,0 *p 0 00O 00bps 00bps 0bps 0bps

ge-0770,0 *p 0 00O 000bps 000bps 0bps 0bps

Ne(t 8op Resolution

Den4er DC

N5

12 16/ 16 1

12.16/.1.1 12.16/.C.1

12.16/.2C.1"$

10.0.2C,=0.1

.2

10.0.1,=0 .2.1

10.0.1

6,=0

.2

.1

1=C.112,16E-3P+

1=C.112,16

I-3P+

1oston

!72

NJ

10

.0.2,=0

.1

210A61021

Da++as12 16/ / 1 110 0 20,=0

10.0.21,=0

.2

7+ 7


378/444


Inc.

12.16/.16.1 12.16/./.1 .1.210.0.20,=0

.1

!76CA12*on"igure ne(t%op sel"

lab@1 show route 12.1'.2".1

inet.0: destinations rotes ( acti+e 0 holddoBn 0 hidden)

!2,%",2&,7$2 A[/5-/5!1'] 00:2%:;0 metric $0 tag 2

> to 0,0,%,2 +ia e-07070,0

inet.: destinations rotes ( acti+e 0 holddoBn 0 hidden)

!2,%",2&,7$2 A[R5S!&] 00:00:;$ metric 0

> to 0,0,%,2 +ia e-07070,0 label-sBitched-path

toPny

4sing tracerouteto +roe 7+ orkslab@1 traceroute 1".112.1.1

tracerote to $&,2,, ($&,2,,) $0 hops ma= &0 byte

pac6ets

0,0,%,2 (0,0,%,2) 0,3%% ms 0,%%2 ms 0,%2 ms

L1 LabelN0;% Co1N0 ''LN 1N

2 0,0,,2 (0,0,,2) 0,30! ms 0,%;& ms 0,3$" ms


379/444


Inc.

L1 LabelN02 Co1N0 ''LN 1N

$ 0,0,2&,2 (0,0,2&,2) 0,%&" ms 0,%$2 ms 0,%0 ms,

,

,

Module Reiew1. %at are t%e $ain bene"its o" M+7H

2. 8ow does tra""ic engineering di""er "ro$l#inM+7H

=. *an #ou describe basic R79+ operationHC. %at is t%e adantage o" using "ast rerouteH

A *an #ou describe t%e basic operation o" +H


380/444


Inc.

A. *an #ou describe t%e basic operation o" +H

6. %at co$$ands can #ou use to $onitor t%e

operational status o" 7+s on Juniper NetworksM-series and )-series routersH


381/444


Inc.

!danced 9+Ns


382/444


!danced 9+Ns

Module 11: #&er 3 9P,s

Module Objecties !"ter success"ull# co$pleting t%is $odule& #ou will be

able to' e"ine t%e roles o" +& +E& and *E routers

escribe t%e "or$at o" 9+N-I+C addresses

E(plain t%e role o" t%e route distinguis%er

escribe t%e "low o" R


383/444


Inc.

escribe t%e "low o" R


384/444


Inc.

)ra""ic


385/444


Inc.

*usto$er Edge Routers

*E++

+E

*usto$er Edge

*E

*E

+E

9+N !9+N !


386/444


Inc.

*usto$er edge 5*E routers ocated at custo$er pre$ises

+roide access to t%e serice proider network

*an use an# access tec%nolog# or routing protocol "or t%e*E,+E connection

+E*E9+N 3 9+N 3

+roider Edge Routers

*E++

+E

+roider Edge

*E

*E

+E

9+N !9+N !


387/444


Inc.

+roider edge 5+E routers Maintain 9+N-speci"ic "orwarding tables

E(c%ange 9+N routing in"or$ation wit% ot%er +E routers

using 3P+ 4se M+7 7+s to "orward 9+N tra""ic

+E*E9+N 3 9+N 3

+roider Routers

*E

++

+E

+roider Routers

*E

*E

+E

9+N !9+N !


388/444


Inc.

+roider 5+ routers


389/444


Inc.

! site is a collection o" $ac%ines t%at canco$$unicate wit%out traersing t%e serice proiderbackbone

Eac% 9+N site is $apped to a +E router inter"ace Routing in"or$ation is stored in di""erent tables "or eac% site

+E*E

*E

9+N 3 9+N 3

9+N Routing and


390/444


Inc.

+

9+N !7ite =

9+N 37ite 1

+E 1

+E =*EL31*EL!=

+

9+N 37ite =

*EL3=*EL*1

9+N *7ite 1

9+N *7ite 2

*EL*2

7outing7outing

117outing7outing

9R


391/444


Inc.

g # g

site@s corresponding 9R

Junosroutingoverviewall in One 140912210812 Phpapp01

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