This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
第 31 卷 第 12 期 农 业 工 程 学 报 Vol.31 No.12 230 2015 年 6 月 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Jun. 2015
doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.12.031 http://www.tcsae.org Ju Haoyu, Xiao Hongwei, Fang Xiaoming, et al. Design and experiment of vacuum-steam pulsed blancher for fruits and vegetables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(12): 230-238. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.12.031 http://www.tcsae.org
Shao Xiaolong, Li Yunfei. Effects of blanching on water distribution and water status in sweet corn investigated by using MRI and NMR[J]. Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CASE),
2009, 25(10): 302-306. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 覃珊,温学森,沈涛,等. 蒸汽漂烫菊花的薄层干燥特性
和质量评价[J]. 农业工程学报,2011,27(6):357-364.
Qin Shan, Wen Xuesen, Shen Tao, et al. Thin layer drying characteristics and quality evaluation of steam blanched chrysanthemum[J]. Transaction of the Chinese Society of
农业工程学报(http://www.tcsae.org) 2015 年
236
Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CASE), 2011,
27(6): 357-364. (in English with Chinese abstract)
[3] 白竣文,王吉亮,肖红伟,等. 基于 Weibull 分布函数的
葡萄干燥过程模拟及应用 [J]. 农业工程学报,2013,
29(16):278-285.
Bai Junwen, Wang Jiliang, Xiao Hongwei, et al. Weibull distribution for modeling drying of grapes and its application[J]. Transaction of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CASE), 2013,
29(16): 278-285. (in English with Chinese abstract)
[4] 陈君琛,周学划,赖谱富,等. 大球盖菇漂烫液喷雾干燥
制营养精粉工艺优化[J]. 农业工程学报,2012,28(21):
272-279.
Chen Junchen, Zhou Xuehua, Lai Pufu, et al. Optimization of processing nutrient powder from blanching liquid of stropharia rugoso-annulata with spray drying technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural
Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2012, 28(21): 272-
279. (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] Xiao Hongwei, Bai Junwen, Sun Dawen, et al. The
application of superheated steam impingement blanching (SSIB) in agricultural products processing–A review[J].
Journal of Food Engineering, 2014, 132(1): 39-47.
[6] Xiao Hongwei, Yao Xuedong, Lin Hai, et al. Effect of SSB (superheated steam blanching) time and drying temperature on hot air impingement drying kinetics and quality attributes of yam slices[J]. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2012,
35(3): 370-390.
[7] Bai Junwen, Sun Dawen, Xiao Hongwei, et al. Novel high-humidity hot air impingement blanching (HHAIB) pretreatment enhances drying kinetics and color attributes of seedless grapes[J]. Innovative Food Science & Emerging
Technologies, 2013, 20(4): 230-237.
[8] Bai Junwen, Gao Zhenjiang, Xiao Hongwei, et al. Polyphenol oxidase inactivation and vitamin C degradation kinetics of Fuji apple quarters by high humidity air impingement blanching[J]. International Journal of Food Science and
Technology, 2013, 48(6): 1135-1141.
[9] Xiao Hongwei, Lin Hai, Yao Xuedong, et al. Effects of different pretreatments on drying kinetics and quality of sweet potato bars undergoing air impingement drying[J].
International Journal of Food Engineering, 2009, 5(5): 64-67.
[10] 杜志龙. 气体射流冲击果蔬烫漂及干燥试验研究[D]. 北
京:中国农业大学,2007.
Du Zhilong. Experimental Study of Blanching and Drying in Fruits and Vegetables on the Air-jet Impingement Oven[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2007. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 陈添明. 果蔬高温高湿气体射流冲击烫漂机的设计与试验
研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学,2012.
Chen Tianming. Design and Experiment Investigation of Hot and humid Gas Jet Impingement Blancher for Fruits and Vegetables[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2012. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 王凤良. 一种连续蒸汽烫漂机[P]. 中国专利: 2737165,
2004-07-08.
[13] 孙瑞荣. 脉动真空压力蒸汽灭菌器[J]. 中国消毒学杂志,
1988,5(4):238-241.
Kong Ruirong. Pulsating vacuum pressure steam sterilizer[J].
Chinese Journal of Disinfection, 1988, 5(4): 238-241. (in
Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 陈建芳. 压力蒸汽灭菌器的工作原理[J]. 中国医药指南,
2010,8(33):165-166.
Chen Jianfang. The operational principle of pulsating vacuum pressure steam sterilizer[J]. Giude of Chinese Medicine, 2010,
8(33): 165-166. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] Michael K, Neil G, James C. The vacuum/steam/vacuum process[J].Innovative Food Science & Emerging
Technologies, 2003, 57(12): 30-33.
[16] Michael K, Radewonuk E R, Scullen O J, et al. Application of the vacuum/steam/vacuum surface intervention process to reduce bacteria on the surface of fruits and vegetables[J]. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 2002,
3(10): 63-72.
[17] 徐涓,张弘,孙彦琳,等. 高温短时蒸汽漂烫对鲜玛咖过
氧化物酶活性的影响[J]. 食品科学,2013,34(2):31-35.
Xu Juan, Zhang Hong, Sun Yanlin, et al. Effect of high-temperature, short-time steam blanching (HTSTSB) on peroxidase activity of maca[J]. Food Science, 2013, 34(2):
457-478. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 高振江,吴定伟,张树阁,等. 滚筒式真空脉动干燥机设
计[J]. 农业机械学报,2010,41(3):113-116.
Gao Zhenjiang, Wu Dingwei, Zhang Shuge, et al. Design of pulsed vacuum drum dryer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese
Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2010, 41(3): 113-116.
(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 曹志向,高振江,林海. 滚筒式真空脉动压干燥胡萝卜丁
试验研究[J]. 食品科技,2009,34(3):81-85.
Cao Zhixiang, Gao Zhenjiang, Lin Hai. Experimental investigation of roller vacuum pulsating pressure carrots
drying[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2009, 34(3): 81-
85. (in Chinese with English abstract) [20] Maache-Rezzoug Z, Rezzoug S A, Allaf K. Kinetics of
drying and hydration of the scleroglucan polymer. A comparative study of two conventional drying methods with
第 12 期 巨浩羽等:果蔬真空-蒸汽脉动漂烫机的设计与试验
237
a new drying process: Dehydration by successive pressure
[21] Haddad J, Juhel F, Louka N, et al. A study of dehydration of fish using successive pressure drops (DDS) and controlled instantaneous pressure drop (DIC)[J]. Drying Technology,
2004, 22(3): 457-478.
[22] 谢春良, 骆立刚. 玻璃钢储罐生产应重视厚度的设计计算
[J]. 化工装备技术, 2014, 35(6): 12-14.
Xie Chunliang, Luo Ligang. The thickness design calculation should be paid attention to during the manufacture of glass fiber reinforced plastic tank[J]. Chemical Technology
Equipment, 2014,35(6): 12-14. (in Chinese with English
abstract)
[23] 张超,缪脯. 化工及原料药生产中的真空系统计算[J]. 医
药工艺与工程,2015,36(1): 19-22.
Zhang Chao, Miao Bu. Calculation of vacuum system in chemical and pharmaceutical industries[J]. Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2015,36(1): 19 - 22. (in
Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 王娟,王春光,王芳. 基于 Fluent 的 9R-40 型揉碎机三维
流场数值模拟[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(2):165-169.
Wang Juan, Wang Chunguang, Wang Fang. Numerical simulation on three-dimensional turbulence air flow of 9R-40 rubbing and breaking machine based on Fluent software[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural
Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE), 2010, 26(2): 165-
169. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 韩占忠. Fluent 流体工程仿真计算实例与分析[M]. 北京:
北京理工大学出版社,2009.
[26] 张哲,田津津. 冷藏车内部流场的数值研究[J]. 制冷技术,
2009,37(8):59-61.
Zhang Zhe, Tian Jinjin. Numerical research on flow fieldin a
refrigerated truck[J]. Refrigeration, 2009, 37(8): 59-61. (in
Chinese with English abstract)
[27] 汪喜波,胡琼,肖波,等. 稻谷红外辐射与对流联合干燥过
程的模型模拟[J]. 农业机械学报,2013,44(9):145-151.
Wang Xibo, Hu Qiong, Xiao Bo, et al. Modeling simulation of combined convective and infrared radiation in rice drying process[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for
Agricultural Machinery, 2013, 44(9): 145-151. (in Chinese
with English abstract)
[28] Kaya A, Aydın O, Dincer I. Experimental and numerical
investigation of heat and mass transfer during drying of Hayward kiwi fruits: Actinidia deliciosa planch[J]. Journal of
Food Engineering, 2008, 88(3): 323-330.
[29] 杜志龙,高振江,张世湘. 气体射流冲击对流换热系数试
验研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2006,22(2):1-4.
Du Zhilong, Gao Zhenjiang, Zhang Shixiang. Research on convective heat transfer coefficient with air jet impinging[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural
Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2006, 22(2): 1-4.
(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30] 代建武,肖红伟,白竣文,等. 气体射流冲击干燥机气流
分配室流场模拟与结构优化[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,
29(3):69-76.
Dai Jianwu, Xiao Hongwei, Bai Junwen, et al. Numerical simulation and optimum design on airflow distribution chamber of air-impingement jet dryer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of
the CSAE), 2013, 29(3): 69-76. (in Chinese with English
abstract)
[31] 王栋,林海,肖红伟,等. 气体射流冲击干燥含水率在线
监控系统设计[J]. 农业工程学报,2014,30(19):316-324.
Wang Dong, Lin Hai, Xiao Hongwei, et al. Design of online monitoring system for material moisture content in air-impingement drying process[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of
the CSAE), 2014, 30(19): 316- 324. (in Chinese with
English abstract).
[32] 李霞,李永才,毕阳. 等. 响应面法优化兰州百合干无硫
护色剂配方[J]. 食品科学,2014,35(4):16-20.
Li Xia, Li Yongcai, Bi Yang, et al. Formula optimization of non-sulfur color-protective agents for dried lanzhou Lily by response surface methodology[J]. Food Science, 2014, 35(4):
16-20. (in Chinese with English abstract).
[33] 巨浩羽,肖红伟,白竣文,等. 苹果片的中短波红外干燥
特性和色泽变化研究[J]. 农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊
2):186-191.
Ju Haoyu, Xiao Hongwei, Bai Junwen, et al. Medium and short wave infrared drying characteristics and color changing of apple slices[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for
Agricultural Machinery, 2013, 44(Supp.2): 186-191. (in
Chinese with English abstract) [34] Xiao Hongwei, Bai Junwen, Xie Long, et al. Thin-layer air
impingement drying enhances drying rate of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) slices with quality attributes considered[J]. Food and Bioproducts Processing,
2015, 94(2): 581-591.
农业工程学报(http://www.tcsae.org) 2015 年
238
Design and experiment of vacuum-steam pulsed blancher for fruits and vegetables
Ju Haoyu1, Xiao Hongwei1, Fang Xiaoming2, Liu Yanhong1, Zhang WeiPeng1, Cheng Peng1, Gao Zhenjiang1※
(1. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Bee Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China)
Abstract: Blanching is an essential thermal processing using hot water or steam to treat fruits and vegetables, which is often carried out prior to the preservation process like drying, canning and freezing. Blanching can effectively inactivate enzymes in products such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes, which cause deterioration reactions, off-flavor and undesirable changes in color. Under the condition of blanching, fruits and vegetables can keep their original colors, flavors and nutritional ingredients. Hot water and steam are by far the most widely used blanching methods. However, the main disadvantage of hot water blanching is that it causes nutritional substances especially sugar, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals lost into water because of leaching and diffusion. What’s more, hot water blanching can also cause environmental pollution due to the release of waste water containing considerable amount of nutrients. On the other hand, the main problems of steam blanching are blanching uniformity and small load. It is reported that solid foods are surrounded by thin-layer air and water, and steam cannot pass through these barriers of air and water, which act as insulation against the steam. The nonuniform blanching is possibly due to the existing of thermal resistance between material and steam. The thermal resistance prevents steam from transferring heat to the material. In addition, the steam will be condensed due to the air of low temperature. Considering those reasons, the pulsed vacuum-steam blanching machine is designed. This machine consists of vacuum system, steam system, automatic control system and blanching body system. The cold air and water around the material and useless steam can be wiped out by vacuum system in time. Therefore, thermal resistance is removed and heat can be transferred to material directly. In order to ensure the uniformity of the internal flow field, the flow field of inner blanching body was simulated by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software Fluent, and the steam jet structure was optimally designed by adding interceptor in the bottom of the blanching body. The result showed that the velocity magnitude seemed to be equivalent and flow filed presented anti-clockwise in the xoz plane. Automatic control system used LCD12864 to show real-time temperature, pressure and working condition in the blanching body and switch the working condition between vacuum and steam blanching regularly through controlling the electromagnetic valve. The median filtering was applied in the control system to eliminate accidental factors which influenced temperature and pressure signal. Lily was adopted to test the performance of pulsed vacuum-steam blanching equipment. One group of experiment was that lily slice was blanched to validate its uniformity and another was single factor experiment designed by pulsed vacuum-steam blanching. In the first group, the drying time tended to be equivalent. It could be concluded that the thermal resistance was removed after the vacuum processing and steam could contact with every piece of lily sufficiently. Additionally, the strategy of adding interceptor in the bottom of the blanching body was feasible. The comparison of color values of dried lily slices also showed the uniformity of pulsed vacuum-steam blanching machine. The single factor experiment results showed that drying time would decrease and then increase as the increment of blanching time and cycle times. Besides, drying time showed a decrease tendency with the decreasing of vacuum degree. In this paper, the designed vacuum-steam pulsed blancher for fruits and vegetables has improved blanching loading capacity and uniformity, which has provided theoretical foundation and technical support for its popularization and application. Key words: mechanization; computational fluid dynamics; design; blanching