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Nitrous oxide emissions from grazed grasslands in China:Progresses and prospectsHUANG Jun-xiang1,2, LIU Chun-yan2*, YAO Zhi-sheng2, ZHENG Xun-hua2,3, NI Chang-jian1
(1. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of At⁃mospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China; 3.College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)Abstract:Nitrous oxide(N2O)is a long-lived greenhouse gas with a high radiation efficiency. Grasslands are important natural sources ofN2O. Grazing and climate change intensively influence N2O emissions from grasslands in China. Deficiencies on the measuring methods,the integrality of study, and the research of key processes, e.g. soil freeze-thaw cycles, cause huge uncertainties on the estimates of grass⁃land N2O emissions and grassland nitrogen(N)feedback on climate change. In this study, we analyzed the possible influences of measuringmethods, including the analysis method of N2O concentrations by gas chromatography and the sampling frequency, on the quantification ofN2O emissions from grasslands; emphasized the importance of grazing-related sources, e.g. dung and urine patches on grasslands, livestocknight barns, and forage croplands,on the budget of regional N2O emissions from grasslands; revealed the determinant of climate change in⁃fluencing N2O emissions from grasslands, namely, the limitation of low N substrate availability on microbial N2O production in soils. The fu⁃ture research should focus on the evaluation of measurement errors induced by the observation methods, the importance of high-frequencymeasurements during the non-growing season on the quantification of annual total emissions, the triggering mechanisms of freeze-thaw-re⁃lated N2O emissions, and the contribution of pulsed N2O emissions during the freeze-thaw period to the national emission inventory ingrasslands, the responses of N2O emissions from alpine grasslands to changing climate change, and the impacts of increased dry N deposi⁃tion and changing N components in the deposition on grassland N2O emissions.Keywords:static chamber-gas chromatography method; soil freeze-thaw cycle; nitrogen-limited ecosystem; permafrost; atmospheric dry
黄俊翔,刘春岩,姚志生, 等 . 放牧草地氧化亚氮排放:研究进展与展望[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(4):700-706.HUANG Jun-xiang, LIU Chun-yan, YAO Zhi-sheng, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from grazed grasslands in China:Progresses andprospects[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2020, 39(4): 700-706.
Note: a. Four gas chromatographic set-ups are Ⅰ. the Ar-CH4 method, in which a mixture gas of CH4 and argon gas(Ar)is used as a carrier gas; Ⅱ. thepure N2 method, in which a pure N2 is used as a carrier gas without any additional make-up gases or treatments for gas samples; Ⅲ. the N2-CO2 method, inwhich a pure N2 is used as a carrier gas, and a mixed gas of CO2 and N2 is introduced directly into the electron capture detector cell as a make-up gas;Ⅳ. the N2-ascarite method, in which a pure N2 is used as a carrier gas while ascarite(coated sodium hydroxide particles)is added to the injection port to re⁃move CO2 and water from the air samples[12, 20]. b. Whether the pulsed N2O emissions are observed during the freeze-thaw period. × indicates not; √ indicatesyes. c. Percentage of N2O emissions during the non-growing season to annual totals. d. Alpine Kobresiahumilis meadow. e. Alpine Potentilla fruticose meadow.— indicates not reported. The values in parentheses indicate the standard error or standard deviation.
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