Journal of alternate energy sources & technologies (vol5, issue1)

Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies

www.stmjournals.com

(JoAEST)Jan - April 2014

ISSN: 2321-5186

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Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies

Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies

(ISSN: 2321 – 5186)

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Dr. Bimlesh Lochab

Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu

Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash

School of Materials Science and Technology,

Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,

Varanasi, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of

Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

Patna, India

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Gargi Asha Jha

Nupur Anand

Priyanka Aswal

Sona Chahal

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department

of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,

Rourkela, India.

Prof.D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community

Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,

Pune, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal

University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,

National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral

Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials

Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,

Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,

Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,

Aurangabad, India.

Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,

Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

STM Journal Editorial Board

Dr. Chetan Singh SolankiAssociate Professor department

of Energy science and Engineering IIT Bombay

Dr. Tushar JashAssistant Professor School of Energy

Studies Jadhavpur University

Dr. A. JagadeeshDirector at Nayudamma Centre for Development Alternatives

Dr. Apurba GoshAssociate Professor

Department of Environmental Science University of Burdwan

West Bengal India.

Editorial Board

Dr. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Nurture Earth R&D Pvt. Ltd.

MIT Campus, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

Dr. Ramasare Prasad Yadav Indian Institute of Technology

Rorkee, India.

Dr. Atul SharmaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering,

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Rae Bareli, U.P., India.

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development, Nurture

Earth R&D Pvt. Ltd.MIT Campus, Aurangabad, India.

Sudhagar ManiUniversity of Georgia, Athens , USA,

United States.

Animesh DuttaUniversity of Guelph, Canada.

Dr. Arun PAssistant Professor, Mechanical

Engineering Department, NIT Calicut, India.

Dr. Raghubir Singh AnandDepartment of Electrical Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

Dr. Mahendra LalwaniAssociate Professor, Pinkcity

Engineering College & Research Center, Jaipur, India.

Dr. P.K. BhargavaChief Scientist & Scientist Coordinator

(Efficiency of Buildings Division)Central Building Research Institute

Roorkee.

T HussainNational Center For Physics,

Quaid-i-Azam University Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 5 Issue (1)] of Journal of

Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies (JoAEST). The intension of JoAEST is to create an

atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Alternate Energy

Sources.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoAEST provides an outlet for Research findings

and reviews in areas of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies found to be relevant for National

and International recent developments and research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Alternate Energy Sources.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Review findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. A Preliminary Evaluation of Renewable Energy Technology Financing Options for Nigeria Aminu H. Isa, Abdelnasser Abdallah, Aisha S. Ingawa, Johnson O. Ojosu 1

2. Achieving Energy Economy and Sustainable Development by Decentralized Energy Planning in Angkuchen Village, Sikkim: A Case Study Amit Kumar Roy, Vaibhav Jaswal, Karan Wadhwa, B. B. Pradhan 6

3. Growth and Characterization of CuInSe Nanoparticles for Solar Cell Applications2

MRA Bhuiyan, MM Alam, MA Momin, MK Rahman, DK Saha 13

4. Renewable Energy Resource (Biofuel) For Sustainable Future Srijoni Banerjee 18

ContentsJournal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies

JoAEST (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186

Volume 5, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

A Preliminary Evaluation of Renewable Energy

Technology Financing Options for Nigeria

Aminu H. Isa, Abdelnasser Abdallah, Aisha S. Ingawa, Johnson O. Ojosu* Energy Planning and Analysis Department, Energy Commission of Nigeria,

Plot 701c, Central Area, P. M. B. 358, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract Renewable energy technologies (RETs) ought to play a complementary role to

conventional energy technologies as these have the potential to meet up energy needs in rural areas with regards to access, availability and affordability. Despite these

potentials, the current challenge is how to finance their deployment and services. Since

long-term growth in the market for RETs is going to be determined by social and economic development that is occurring in both the rural and urban areas as well as the

ability of these technologies to compete financially with other energy options on a level playing field, there is need to evaluate various options available to finance the

deployment of RETs in Nigeria. This paper attempts a preliminary evaluation of the

possible options and their implications for sustainable commercial financing of small-scale RE projects in the rural areas of Nigeria. It is divided into five sections. The first

section is the introduction which provides background information, next section

“Overview of energy and financing needs of rural people” gives the market definition and an overview of energy and financing needs of rural people; this section also reviews

energy access, availability and affordability challenges. It also gives an overview of RET financing barriers in Nigeria. The next section gives the possible RETS financing

barriers in Nigeria. RET financing options for Nigeria are discussed further in the next

section, Conclusion are discussed in the end of paper by stressing the need for an enabling environment for financing RETs.

Keywords: Renewable energy technologies, financing barriers, evaluating financing

options, rural areas

JoAEST (2013)© STM Journals 2013. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186

Volume 5 Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Achieving Energy Economy and Sustainable Development

by Decentralized Energy Planning in Angkuchen Village,

Sikkim: A Case Study

Amit Kumar Roy*, Vaibhav Jaswal, Karan Wadhwa, B. B. Pradhan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology,

Majhitar, East Sikkim-737132, India

Abstract Energy is the fuel for the growth of human civilization. But what becomes of utmost

importance by current trends is proper management of the energy resources. The

commercial energy consumption, in current state of affairs, is about 67% of the total energy consumed in India. This includes coal with the largest share of 57%, followed by

oil at 28%, natural gas at 12% and hydro energy at 3%. Non-commercial energy sources

consisting of firewood, cow dung and agriculture wastes account for over 30% of the total energy consumption. Here we have a country that is rich with its share of renewable

energy resources which still remain unharnessed. If these resources are harnessed

judiciously and their allocation is done based on proper surveying and analysis of demography, geography and climatic conditions, a sustainable balance can be achieved

between commercial and non-commercial energy sources. This in turn would be helpful in controlling the country’s import bill and achieving economic stability in the country,

as energy is a key component in the economic instability prevailing in the country. For

this paper, the authors surveyed Angkuchen village, Pakyong, East Sikkim, India, and

gathered data that helped place in context the current demography and energy trends in

the village. Further, a climatic and geographic analysis was carried out. This helped us

to place a great deal in the allocation of the available energy resources and optimizing them so as to increase the energy efficiency of the village. The current energy status,

choice of energy options, and potential of renewable energy systems for creating sustainable livelihoods and meeting energy economy in this village has been elaborately

discussed in the paper. The outline plan at decentralized level was prepared with the

objective of providing energy security in villages by meeting total energy needs for cooking, lighting and motive power through various forms of available renewable energy

sources.

Keywords: Decentralized energy planning, renewable energy systems, alternative

energy technology

JoAEST (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186

Volume 5, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Growth and Characterization of CuInSe2 Nanoparticles

for Solar Cell Applications

MRA Bhuiyan1*, MM Alam

1, MA Momin

1, MK Rahman

1, DK Saha

2

1Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh

2Atomic Energy Centre, GPO Box 164, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract This paper investigates the possibility of growing copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) nanoparticles by solution method for solar cell applications. The purpose is to study the

reaction, growth mechanism and to optimize the parameters of this method. Upon

successful synthesizing the samples, they were characterized using various techniques. EDAX, SEM, PIXE, XRD together with the measured optical parameters obtained from

UV-VIS absorption testing were analyzed. They show reasonably identical values that

ascertain the compositional uniformity of the sample. The sample is mainly composed of a large amount of nanoparticles with irregular shapes that were easily aggregated

together. All elements of Cu, In and Se are present. The XRD result indicates a mixture of CuInSe2 in the product. The UV-VIS absorption spectrum shows an absorption peak

centered at approximately 440 nm. Analyzing the results of various types of

characterizations, it has been assessed that CuInSe2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized.

Keywords: CuInSe2 nanoparticle, compositional uniformity, structural parameter,

optical parameter

JoAEST (2014) 18-21 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 18

Journal of Alternate Energy Sources and Technologies ISSN: 2321-5186

Volume 5, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Renewable Energy Resource (Biofuel) For

Sustainable Future

Srijoni Banerjee* Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India

Abstract The equal distribution of resources should be for all, irrespective of rich or poor. There

must be a balance between the need and consumption. The developed countries are utilizing more resources as compared to developing countries. This imbalance is

responsible for rich becoming richer and poor becoming poorer. This is due to sharp

increase in population in developing countries. To achieve a sustainable life style, there should be equal distribution of global resources and income to meet everyone’s need.

This paper is a review article based on sustainable development scenario. This article

also indicates the depletion of non-renewable energy resource level and its adverse impacts on the environment. But biofuel is a good example of renewable energy

resource, an example of sustainability and biofuel can be generated from waste plastic, municipal solid waste, biomass, cellulosic material, etc.

Keywords: Sustainable development, sustainability, renewable energy resource,

biofuel