A life history framework to understand production of juvenile steelhead in freshwater applied to the John Day River, Oregon Jason Dunham, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center John McMillan, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU - MS Justin Mills, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU - MS Matt Sloat, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU – Ph.D. (new) Gordie Reeves, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station
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John Day River Major tributary to mid-Columbia River No large dams (but downstream in Columbia)
A life history framework to understand production of juvenile steelhead in freshwater applied to the John Day River, Oregon Jason Dunham , USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center John McMillan , Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU - MS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A life history framework to understand production of juvenile steelhead in freshwater applied to the John Day River, OregonJason Dunham, USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
John McMillan, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU - MSJustin Mills, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU - MSMatt Sloat, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, OSU – Ph.D. (new)
Gordie Reeves, US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station
Chris Jordan, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center
• Water temperature• Water chemistry• Network position• Channel morphology• Flow regime/discharge• Barriers
Two studies in the John Day River
• Spatial distribution of mature individuals(John McMillan, MS)
– Maturation of age 1+ males• Individual condition
– Body size– Prior year growth– Lipid %
– Individual condition• Water temperature• Population density of O. mykiss• Alkalinity/conductivity
What do we do about it?
• Life history expression– A “filter” for production of anadromous O. mykiss
• Filter can be applied in two ways:– Manage by location (=static processes)– Manage processes that influence life history
expression (=dynamic processes)
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Processes influencing life histories
Steelhead juvenile production
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Locations withdifferent proportions
of anadromy
Steelhead juvenile production
Freshwater resident
production
Assumptions
• Location: Panad = Constant (static processes)– Genetic (e.g., high heritability of anadromy)– Related to “immutable” environmental
influences– Management constrained to locations with
potential
Assumptions
• Location: Panad = Constant (static processes)– Genetic (e.g., high heritability of anadromy)– Related to “immutable” environmental influences– Management constrained to locations with potential
– Related to variable environmental influences– Some of above can be influenced by management
Examples
• Location– Intrinsic potential (Burnett et al. 2007)– Influence of groundwater (Zimmerman and
Reeves)
Examples
• Location– Intrinsic potential (Burnett et al. 2007)– Influence of groundwater (Zimmerman and
Reeves)
• Process– Barriers: anadromous resident– Emergence of anadromy from residents– Short term changes in life history related to
changes in temperature (Dunham et al. unpubl)
Immature Mature male Mature female
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Age 0+
Occurrence
UB
30
BR
36
BD
72
Age 1+
UB
106
BR
53
BD
57
Age 2+
UB
19
BR
8
BD
8
Cool Warm
Modeling approach
• Deal explicitly with life history expression in O. mykiss
• Be spatially explicit
• Provide multi-scale context (site versus stream network)
• Integrate physical and biological processes
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Processes influencing life histories
Steelhead juvenile production
Freshwater resident
production
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Locations withdifferent proportions
of anadromy
Steelhead juvenile production
Freshwater resident
production
Modeling approach
• Deal explicitly with life history expression in O. mykiss• Be spatially explicit• Provide multi-scale context (site versus stream network)• Integrate physical and biological processes
• Inform on-the-ground decisions
• Relate to specific management actions
• Be easily manipulated to evaluate alternative scenarios
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Processes influencing life histories
Steelhead juvenile production
Freshwater resident
production
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Locations withdifferent proportions
of anadromy
Steelhead juvenile production
Freshwater resident
production
Modeling approach
• Inform on-the-ground decisions • Relate to specific management actions• Be easily manipulated to evaluate alternative scenarios
• Be flexible in using different sources of information
• Deal explicitly with uncertainty• Easy to understand with transparent
assumptions
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Processes influencing life histories
Steelhead juvenile production
Freshwater resident
production
NaturalProcesses
Human Influences
Bio-physicalEnvironment
AbundanceProductivity
Locations withdifferent proportions
of anadromy
Steelhead juvenile production
Freshwater resident
production
Expected outcomes
• A better understanding of complex relationships influencing production of juvenile steelhead in freshwater.
• Identify major uncertainties.• Testable hypotheses about management
alternatives monitoring and evaluation.• A straightforward management framework
and tool that can be applied to inland steelhead in general.
Timelines
• Model of anadromy – 2008/09
• Freshwater maturation - 2008/09
• Model of freshwater productivity – 2011
• Ph.D. dissertation - 2012
North Fork John Day River 2006: John McMillan photo