Toward Kaonic Proton Ma/er: Double Kaonic Nuclei in Proton and Heavy-Ion Collisions A possible DARK MATTER candidate: Condensed Kaonic-Proton Ma/er (KPM) composed of Lambda* = K - p Yoshinori AKAISHI & Toshimitsu Yamazaki January 20, 2016: J-PARC
TowardKaonicProtonMa/er:DoubleKaonicNuclei
inProtonandHeavy-IonCollisions
ApossibleDARKMATTERcandidate:CondensedKaonic-ProtonMa/er(KPM)
composedofLambda*=K-p
YoshinoriAKAISHI&ToshimitsuYamazaki
January20,2016:J-PARC
KPM• StrongbindingΛ*=K--p(I=0);B=27MeV• StrongerindingΛ*-p;B~100MeV• StrongerbindingΛ*-Λ*;B~200MeV• Heitler-Londontypemolecularbonding• Mul[-bonded:Λ*strangelet->stable
ma/er?• Chiralsymmetryrestora[on:enhancedbinding:furthermore• Stable,large,heavy,dense,inert,neutral:fulfilrequiredproper[esforDARKMATTER• HowKPMcreated:BigBanguniverserighta`erBigBang,beforehadroniza[on:an[-par[clesareproceedingto
annihila[on
How to prove the high density in Kbar nuclei ?
directΛ*ps[ckingp+p-->K++p+Λ*
-->K++K-pp*Shortcollisionlength*Largemomentumtransfer
*DenseΛ*pstructure
Twodifferentreac[onmechanismstoproduceΛ*p-->K-ppConventional:π+ + n --> Λ* + K+Λ*-p distance at collision ~ 2.2 fm� sticking probability: small ~ 1%� Λ*: mostly in the q. f. region
New2007 p + p --> Λ*+ p + K+�Collision distance RNN ~ 1/mρ~ 0.3 fm� matches the small size ~ 1 fm� of the dense K-pp bound state.
sticking probability ~ 1Dominance ofΛ1405-p sticking�
in NN collisions: Λ*-pdoorwayPredicted in 2005:"searched for at J-PARC E27
X2265 -> p+Λ population
~ 100% in p + p -> X + K+ q = 1.6 GeV/c
Indicating:
X2265 = dense K-pp B.E. ~ 100 MeV
DISTO2010
E272014
Experimentalevidences
J-PARC E27 Ichikawa et al. 2014 ~ 2% in π+ + d -> X + K+ q = 0.3 GeV/c
Adiabatic p-p potential in K-pp
R [fm]
[MeV fm2]
1.0 2.0 3.0
Normal nuclear force : virtual meson exchange
R2 V(R)
p p K-
Super-strong nuclear force : real Kbar migration
Super strong / Normal ~ 4.1 - volume integral ratio -
pp
*ImpactsoftheobservedK-pp:Enormouscrosssec[onofp+p->K-pp+K+Lowcrosssec[onatd(π+,K+)K-pp
! indicateadensesystemBindingenergybyafactorof2largerthantheory!indicates20%enhancedKbar-Na/rac[on
!sugges[ngchiralsymmetryrestora[on;increasinga/rac[on,densi[es
Hadronicphasetoquark-gluonphase!?
-1.2 -1.3 -1.4 -1.5 -1.6 -1.7
-50
-100
-150
-200
0
[MeV]
s
K NNK NNN
KN
KK NN
KKN
10% 20%enhanced
0
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN=IV
023 =IV
023 =IV
03 =IV
023 =IV
PDG2012
DISTO
FOPI
Λ(1405) Ansatz Chiral Weak Ansatz
Energy
Maedaetal.,Proc.Jpn.Acad.B89(2013)418Faddeev-Yakubovsky
Global View KbarN --> attraction strength
DISTO + J-PARC E27
K-pp: ρ/ρ0 ~ 3 indicated
Dynamical formation of Λ*=K-p clusters in K-K-pp" ! Λ* condensed matter"
S.Maeda,Y.Akaishi&T.Yamazaki,Proc.Jpn.Acad.89(2013)418
0.75 fm
Λ* - Λ*
No repulsion among K-’s Strong attraction among Λ*’s
NEWEXPERIMENTALPROPOSAL(conceptual)PRODUCTIONOFK-K-ppGatewaytowardKaonCondensedMa/erbyp+p->Λ*+Λ*+K++K+->K-K-pp+K++K+
Adenserstatemorefavoredinshort-rangecollision
Λ*Λ*modelforK-K-pp
D[fm]
[MeV]
EF
TF
UF
IfK-isassumedtobeaFermion:
Fermioncovalentbondscanceleachother.
Bosoncovalentbondsarealwaysadded!
DΛ* Λ*
K- K-
E
U
VKK
T
Y.Akaishi
Forρ->3ρ0,Chiralrestora[on,
IsovectorπN:increasedrepulsionGSI(2005)andRIKEN(2015)experiments
confirmedinπ-1sstatesinSn
I=0KbarN:increaseda/rac[on!shrinkage
Chiralsymmetryrestora[onofKbarNinterac[onindensenuclearmedium
Clearing QCD vacuum model
QCD-vacuumclearingfactor A/rac[onenhancementfactor
ChiralSymmetryRestora[oninπNandKbarN
KaonicProtonMa/erconceived
K-K-ppisalmostiden[caltoΛ*-Λ*instructure,indica[ngthatalargenumberofK-punitscons[tutealargeΛ*system,whichcanbelighterthandenseneutronsystem;noexittodecay:thusstable
M[Λ*=(K-p)]<M[n]So,weexpectstableΛ*(K-p)ma/ermayexistasstrangedusts,namely,akindofDARKMATTER.K-p=s(ubar-u)udTheKPMisstabilizedbyquark-an[-quarkhybrids.Itsexistencedependsonchiralsymmetryrestora[on.
KPMproducedonlyinBigBangK-p,K-pp,K-K-pp,,,deepbutshortlived:Γ~100MeVSo,short-livedmul[-Λ*(jKbar-proton
KaonicProtonMa/er
subar-uud
Stronga/rac[onNoshort-rangerepulsion
RelatedProblems:Whereandwhenan[-ma/erdisappeared?
Primordialan[-quarks Primordialquarks
~2x10-8
Recentexperiments@HIcollisionsatLHC-ALICE
theore[calanalysesbyP.Braun-Munzinger’sgroup
HYP2015,Sendai
Next3pagestakenfromthistalk
Noexo[cboundstatesyetfound:suchasK-K-pp-> Λ + Λ
ExpectedatM=2.8GeV/c2
P.Braun-Munzinger
Produc/oncrosssec/onofK-K-pp
"Hard formation process" different from Coalescence model and statistical model! (S. Cho et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 212001)!
M. Hassanvand, Y. Akaishi & T. Yamazaki, Phys. Rev. C 84 (2011) 015207!
pK-ppΛ*
K+
p
SeveralGeV ShortcollisionlengthCompactboundstate
Gatewayto"SwanNuclearPhysics"T. Yamazaki, Y. Akaishi & M. Hassanvand, Proc. Jpn. Acad. B 87 (2011) 362!
~3 GeV"
pK-K-ppΛ*
K+
Λ*p
K+
~7 GeV"
The late Prof. Nishijima!
DISTO!
BrightfutureisexpectedatJ-PARC