Jaan Hellat 13/06/2007 European Integrated Pollution Prevention Control directive – what is it, impact on emission regulations – status and future trends.

Jaan Hellat13/06/2007

European Integrated Pollution Prevention Control directive

– what is it, impact on emission regulations – status and future trends

Presentation title - 01/01/2007 - P 2

Agenda

1st topic Frame work of emission regulations Page 1

2nd topic IPPC Page 1

3rd topic LCP and the related BAT Reference doc Page 1

4th topic IPPC hearing – IPPC review Page 1


CAFE - Clean Air For EuropeUmbrella for the impact of legislative measures on the environmental quality based

on complex scenariosAction: Monitor/control EU energy scenarios (data from field) and analyse

input data

1a. TSAP (HEALTH)Thematic Strategy Air PollutionGeneral targets for air quality e.g.

PM10, NOx, SOx

Action: Next steps concern PM2.5, NOx 15-25ppm

1b. NEC - National Emission Ceilings (HEALTH)Absolute limits for emissions for each member state

Action: Monitor ceiling, lobbying Cooperation with EURELECTRIC

2. AAQ (IMISSION)Ambient Air Quality

Absolute limits for imissions for each member state

Action: Collect information on PM

PM-limit draft position paper

3. LCPD (EMISSION)Large Combustion Plant

DirectiveLimits value & trading allowance

Action: Ended. Now IPPCDirect influence on plant designIndirect influence on plant design

Emission Regulation Task Force CAFE

Break down to country specific level

trigger


Emission Regulation Task Force IPPC

IPPC - Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (triggered from TSAP/NEC)Directive to regulate the permitting procedure for industrial and agricultural activities

Action: Currently main discussion chapter. Monitor review. Draft position paper to be made

Current Review: Inclusion of installation 20-50 MWth (offshore) Inclusion of emission trading scheme for NOx, SOx

Definition of standard permit Art. 10 Right of continuance

BREF LCP – BAT (Best Available Technology) Reference DocumentsDocuments that defines best available technology in the power sector. BREF often cited/asked by customers

Action: Most decisive document. Draft position paper to be made so that we do not reach our real BAT


Industrial Emissions

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive

Solvents Directive (SE)

Large CombustionPlants Directive (LCP)

European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER)European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR)

Waste Incineration Directive (WI)

Titanium Dioxide Directive (TiO2)

Marianne Wenning


Agenda






What is the IPPC Directivefrom P J Goodsell, BP: „IPPC an Update“


Details on IPPC Permits from P J Goodsell, BP: „IPPC an Update“


Agenda






What is a BREF from P J Goodsell, BP: „IPPC an Update“


Legal status of ELVs, BAT and BREFfrom PM Presentation: „Best Avaialble Techniques for Large Combustion Plants“


What is a BAT – how is it determined? from PM Presentation: „Best Avaialble Techniques for Large Combustion Plants“


Aspects of BAT from P J Goodsell, BP: „IPPC an Update“


Large Combustion Plant directiveGas Turbineshttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/consleg/2001/L/02001L0080-20011127-en.pdf


Large Combustion Plant directiveGas Turbineshttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/consleg/2001/L/02001L0080-20011127-en.pdf


The BAT Reference doc for Large Combustion PlantsGas Turbines

Emission level associated with BAT

(mg/Nm3) Plant type

NOx CO

O2 level (%)

BAT options to reach these levels

Gas turbines New gas turbines 20 – 50 5 – 100 15 Dry low NOx premix burners or SCR

DLN for existing gas turbines

20 – 75 5 – 100 15 Dry low NOx premix burners as retrofitting

packages if available Existing gas turbines 50 – 90* 30 – 100 15 Water and steam injection or SCR

Table 9: BAT for the reduction of NOX and CO emissions from gas-fired combustion plants



Emission level associated with BAT

(mg/Nm3) Plant type

NOx CO

O2 level (%)

BAT options to reach these levels

CCGT New CCGT without supplementary firing

(HRSG) 20 – 50 5 – 100 15 Dry low NOx premix burners or SCR

Existing CCGT without

supplementary firing (HRSG)

20 – 90* 5 – 100 15 Dry low NOx premix burners or water and

steam injection or SCR

New CCGT with supplementary firing

20 – 50 30 – 100 Plant spec.

Dry low NOx premix burners and low NOx burners for the boiler part or SCR or SNCR

Existing CCGT with supplementary firing

20 – 90* 30 – 100 Plant spec.

Dry low NOx premix burners or water and steam injection and low NOx burners for the

boiler part or SCR or SNCR SCR: Selective catalytic reduction of NOx SNCR: Selective non catalytic reduction of NOx DLN: dry low NOX HRSG: heat recovery steam generator CHP: Cogeneration CCGT: combined cycle gas turbine * Some split views appeared on these values and are reported in Section 7.5.4 of the main document..

Table 9: BAT for the reduction of NOX and CO emissions from gas-fired combustion plants



Electrical efficiency (%) Fuel utilisation(%) Plant type

New plants Existing plants New and existing

plants Gas turbine

Gas turbine 36 – 40 32 – 35 - Gas engine

Gas engine 38 – 45 - Gas engine with HRSG in CHP mode >38 >35 75 – 85

Gas-fired boiler Gas-fired boiler 40 – 42 38 – 40

CCGT Combined cycle with or without

supplementary firing (HRSG) for electricity generation only

54 – 58 50 – 54 -

Combined cycle without supplementary firing (HRSG) in CHP mode

<38 <35 75 – 85

Combined cycle with supplementary firing in CHP mode

<40 <35 75 – 85

HRSG: heat recovery steam generator CHP: Congeneration

Table 4: Efficiency of gas-fired combustion plants associated to the use of BAT


• For new gas turbines, dry low NOX premix burners (DLN) are BAT. For existing gas turbines, water and steam injection or conversion to the DLN technique is BAT. For gas-fired stationary engine plants, the lean-burn approach is BAT analogous to the dry low NOX technique used in gas turbines.

• For most gas turbines and gas engines, SCR is also considered to be BAT. Retrofitting of an SCR system to a CCGT is technically feasible but is not economically justified for existing plants. This is because the required space in the HRSG was not foreseen in the project and is, therefore, not available.


Agenda







IPPC: important tool to achieve air pollution targets

Contribution of industrial activities (mainly IPPC) to total EU emissions in 2005: 55% CO2, 88% SO2, 36% NOx, 50% particulate matter, 55% VOC

Compared to Member States' projected implementation of current legislation in 2020, need for further industrial emission reductions to meet Thematic Strategy 2020 targets:

- 30% for SO2 - 35% for NOx- 24% for PM2.5- 17% for VOC

(source: IIASA, cost-optimized NEC emissions, work in context of NEC revision)

Marianne Wenning


Shortcomings in implementation and enforcement

Problems:

Complexities in current legal framework

Insufficient reduction of emissions due to lack of progress towards BAT

Lack of transparency on the application of the criteria related to flexibility (technical characteristics, geographical location and local environmental conditions)

Effects:

Incorrect implementation (e.g. sectoral Directives used as default) or difficulties in interpretation (e.g. scope, definitions)

Lower level of environmental protection

Possible distortion of competition

Marianne Wenning


Main options to address current shortcomings

BAT-based permitting, role of the BREFs,

effectiveness of legislation (panel 1)

BREFs: more prominent or binding role

Possible deviation from BAT/BREFs: more transparent justification according to criteria set in the Directive (technical characteristics of installation concerned, geographical location, local environmental conditions)

EU-wide minimum standards: if insufficient progress towards BAT/BREFs, new or updated standards at EU-level

Inspection, permit review: more specific provisions in legislation

Marianne Wenning

Eva GoossensEuropean Environment Agency (EEA)

Wilfred Appelman & Tinus PullesEuropean Topic Centre for Air and Climate Change

(ETC ACC / TNO)

Theoretical potential of BAT implementation in LCP sector


Completeness of EPER reporting

NOx and SO2 reporting seems to be almost complete (>95%)

NMVOC, PM10, CO reports might be missing (?) (<50%)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

NOxthreshold 100 t/yr

464 reports

SO2threshold 150 t/yr

292 reports

NMVOCthreshold 100 t/yr

19 reports

PM10threshold 50 t/yr

142 reports

COthreshold 500 t/yr

78 reports

Mil

lio

ns

(k

g)

Reported emission (ton) Estimated total emission (ton) Estimated emission to reported above threshold (ton)


Estimated BAT potential - EU 25 total

Countries differ in BAT implementation. Germany, Austria, Sweden are well on the way

NOx emissions in All countries;483 facilities 1612 combustion installation units

-

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

900.00

Mil

lio

ns

Gap filled

EPERreported

Potential(min BATless strictandallocated)CalculatedBAT, lessstrict

CalculatedBAT, strict

SO2 emissions in All countries;483 facilities 1612 combustion installation units

-

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1 000.00

1 200.00

1 400.00

Mil

lio

ns

Gap filled

EPERreported

Potential(min BATless strictandallocated)CalculatedBAT, lessstrict

CalculatedBAT, strict


Key objectives

illustrate scope for environmental performance beyond regulatory compliance (BRC)

inform EC about what are measures and levels of success to promote BRC

indicate IPPC supports/barriers on promoting BRC

Outline of possible changes IPPC directive

Beyond Regulatory Compliance …


Usefull links

• IPPC Review:− http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/− http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/index.htm

• Executive Summary of the BREF for LCP− http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FAbout.htm

• Preparation of the review relating to the Large Combustion Plant Directive by ENTEC− http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/

final_report_05225.pdf• TP Clean Power Concept

− http://www.eunitedturbines.org/home/files/Technology_Platform_Clean_Power_Presentation_2005-03-17.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/index.htm

http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FAbout.htm


Backup Slides


What is the relation between the IPPC Directive and the Directives listed in Annex II? • In general, the Directives listed in Annex II contain two types of provisions

in relation to specific substances and/or industrial sectors:

• provisions of a procedural nature setting up authorisation systems; − provisions of a more substantial nature such as emission limit values

or specific technical requirements. − The procedural provisions setting up authorisation systems will be

superseded by the permitting procedure set out in IPPC once this is fully implemented - not later than 30 October 1999 for new installations and 30 October 2007 for existing installations.

• In contrast, substantial provisions implying specific technical obligations will remain in force until such time as they are explicitly superseded by future legislation. Operators of industrial installations will thus be required to satisfy these technical obligations as well as the more general obligations set out in IPPC. Note that, according to Article 18(2), these technical requirements constitute minimum obligations. Therefore, stricter or additional permit conditions may need to be imposed in order to implement the IPPC Directive. The same applies to the requirements of other Community legislation, including that superseding the measures listed in Annex II or otherwise adopted after the IPPC Directive, such as the Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76/EC, the Large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC and the Solvent Emissions Directive 1999/13/EC.From: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ippc/index.htm

"Towards a future policy on industrial emissions: Review of the IPPC Directive and related

legislation" Stakeholder Hearing

Summary of the work: Data gathering and impact assessment for a possible

technical review of the IPPC Directive

Patrick ten Brink,Senior Fellow & Head of Brussels Office, IEEP

[email protected]

www.ieep.eu

On behalf of the project team:IEEP, VITO, and Bio

Friday 4 May 2007,

Centre de Conference Borschette

(Rue Froissart 36, Brussels)

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ieep.eu/


Presently, installations > 50 MW controlled by LCP and IPPC Directives: While LCP sets ELVs, the IPPC Directive uses permit conditions based on BAT.

Reducing the threshold from 50 to 20 MW would bring more installations and sectors under IPPC, & may lead to significant emissions reductions

Possible Lowering of the threshold for combustion installations in energy industries from 50 to 20 MW (or an appropriate value)

thermal input

Small combustion installations

1. (A) Do nothing

(B) update the BREFs or guidance document to include BAT for the combustion installations less than 50 MW

2. Lowering the IPPC threshold from 50 to 20 MW

3. Lowering the threshold of the IPPC Directive to industrial installations of below 20 MW (with a threshold to be determined)

Issue

Problem definition

Options


Current Practice – Scale of the sectorNumber of combustion installations in 20-50 MW range for EU-23

(excluding Cyprus and Estonia)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

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Gre

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Sp

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Slo

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Lith

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La

tvia

Po

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Au

stria

Irela

nd

Ne

the

rlan

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Sw

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Hu

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Slo

va

kia

Cze

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Re

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Fin

lan

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Italy

Fra

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UK

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About 3 000 combustion installations in the 20-50 MW capacity (i.e. one third of the total European combustion installations covered by EU-ETS Directive)

More than 65% of them are concentrated in 6 MS (Germany, UK, Poland, France, Italy, and Denmark)

Other MS having less than 150 installations each.

Some installations already under IPPC as directly associated activities, but UK example suggests about 1/2 - 2/3 are still not covered


Environmental Impacts

For industrial small combustion installations, the emission estimates for SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and PM10 represent about 12%, 12%, 18% and 15% of total industrial combustion emissions of EU-25.

The impacts for POPs and heavy metals emissions significant

Environmental Impact significant and important to look at in earnest

Photochemical oxidation and acidification impacts

significant - about 5% of the EU-25 activity impacts

Jaan Hellat 13/06/2007 European Integrated Pollution Prevention Control directive – what is it, impact on emission regulations – status and future trends.

Documents

presentation title

use of bat slide

real bat slide

pm presentation

update slide

p j goodsell

bat analogous

aspects of bat