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It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd , 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th , 2004-----Almond March 26 th , 2004----- By: Keith Vander Velde, Marquette County Agriculture Agent
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It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Dec 14, 2015

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Page 1: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull Seminars

UW Extension Livestock Focus Team

March 23rd, 2004-----Elk Mound

March 25th, 2004-----Almond

March 26th, 2004-----PlattevilleBy: Keith Vander Velde, Marquette County Agriculture Agent

Page 2: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull Seminars

What’s In the Toolbox Overview

– History of Selection Tools– Performance Data– Expected Progeny Differences– Selection Indexes– Gene Marker Assisted Selection

Page 3: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All BullThe Herd Impact of Three

Generations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ist Gen 2ndGen

3rdGen

Bull ABull BBull CNew Bull % of Herd

Page 4: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Lets compare dollars invested

30 cows at $800= $24,000

1 bull at $1,800= $1,800

Each contribute 50% of the genetics

Page 5: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Beef Producers’ Motivation

HobbyProperty tax reductionProfit

Page 6: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Genetic Merit of Breeds

WW

Breed Average Across-Breed EPD

AngusBeefmasterBrangusCharolaisGelbviehHerefordLimousinRed AngusSimmental

Van Vleck and Cundiff, 2003

Page 7: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Breed Differences

WW MILK

Breed Average Across-Breed EPD

AngusCharolaisGelbviehHerefordLimousinRed AngusSimmental

Van Vleck and Cundiff, 2003

Page 8: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Genetic Merit of Breeds

Breeds differ for:– Maintenance– Reproduction– Carcass

Genetic merit must match production environment.

Some economically relevant traits go unmeasured.

Page 9: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Evolution of Seedstock Production

Visual selection

Performance Testing

Expected Progeny Differences

Ultra-Sound Measurements

DNA Marker Assistance

Page 10: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 11: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 12: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 13: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 14: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

From 1950-1968 PerformanceTesting

Calves were weighed at:

Birth

Weaning

Yearling

Calves were compared within herd

A ratio of 100 was herd average

50% of herd above average

50% below average

Page 15: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Sire Summaries Began in 1968– American Simmental Produced first

sire summary using herd performance data and reference sires

– All breeds followed this example– Allowed bulls and cows to be

compared to the entire population in the breed

– Expected Progeny Difference were born

Page 16: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Heritability Makes It All Possible

Portion of a trait’s variation attributable to genetics

In general, heritability is:– High for carcass traits and mature size– Moderate for growth rate and milk

production– Low for reproductive traits

Page 17: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Heritability

Highly heritable traits are the easiest to change with selection

Traits that are low in heritability can be changed with selection, but change is slower

Heritability of a trait is reflected in the range of EPD across a population

Page 18: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Heritability of Production Traits

about 30 to 35%

Birth , Wean, Year. Wts. Feed IntakeFeed ConversionMature Wt. ~ 50%

Page 19: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Weaning WeightGenetic Trend

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

80 85 90 95 00

Calf Year of Birth

EPD

(Pou

nds)

HerefordAngusSimmentalCharolais

Page 20: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Maternal MilkGenetic Trend

-2

0

24

6

8

10

1214

16

18

80 85 90 95 00

Calf Year of Birth

EPD

(Pou

nds)

HerefordAngusSimmentalCharolais

Page 21: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Heritability of Product Traits

about 40%FatREACutabiltyMarbling Shear ?

Page 22: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Heritability of Reproduction Traits

about 20%

Conception rateCalving rateCalving ease

Page 23: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Carcass Traits can be changed Rapidly Using Genetics!!!!!!!!!

Angus genetic trends for slaughter and ultrasound data indicate breeders have changed carcass traits in a very short time interval

Page 24: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 25: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 26: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 27: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 28: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

It is Important to Remember– Highly to moderately heritable traits are

usually best changed by direct selection

– Traits with low heritability can be changed faster by crossbreeding and taking advantage of heterosis

Page 29: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull-Bulls are Different

You Decide Which One Matches the Job

Do You Have Particular Job in Mind for Your Bull??

Page 30: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull-Job Description Bull

Needs vary with uses:– Yearling Heifers– Sell calves at weaning– Retain Replacements– Sell as yearlings– Sell as finished Cattle– Sell grade and yield– Sell on the Grid– Sell beef direct to customer

Page 31: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

BW=+1.3

WW=+68

YR=+116

Milk=+27

It’s All Bull

EPD’s==A Look Inside

Page 32: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Typical Genetic EvaluationBirth WeightWeaning WeightMilkTotal MaternalYearling Weight

Carcass TraitsCalving EaseMix of others…

Page 33: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 34: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Sire Summary of the Future?Birth directBirth maternalWeaning directWeaning maternalTotal maternalYearling direct600 d directCalving directCalving maternalCarcass wtRib fatRump fatLMAMarb scoreQuality grade% Retail yieldLbs (kg) retail yieldYield gradeUs LMAUS rib fatUs % IMFFat percentageCondition score

Gestation lengthDays to calvingCalving intervalStayabilityHeifer pregnancy rateRebreeding rateCalf weaned/cow exposedScrotal circumferencePelvic areaFrame scoreMuscle scoreUdder scoreDocilityTick scoreParasite egg countMature weightMaintenance energyFeed efficiencyDrop weightType scoreUterine scoreTooth scorePrecocity score

Feedlot feed consumptionFeedlot surv.Pre-wean surv.Serving capacityServing proportionSemen volumeHip heightLeg scoreLength productive lifeDoing abilityGrand-maternal weaningTwinning rateDays to 11mm BFDays to 75% ChoiceDays to carc wt.Hair whorl scoreAverage daily gainWt. /day of ageLiver weightResting heart ratePulmonary arteriole pressureBrisket disease rateBraveryAggression

Page 35: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Sire Summary of the Future?Birth directBirth maternalWeaning directWeaning maternalTotal maternalYearling direct600 d directCalving directCalving maternalCarcass wtRib fatRump fatLMAMarb scoreQuality grade% Retail yieldLbs (kg) retail yieldYield gradeUs LMAUS rib fatUs % IMFFat percentageCondition score

Gestation lengthDays to calvingCalving intervalStayabilityHeifer pregnancy rateRebreeding rateCalf weaned/cow exposedScrotal circumferencePelvic areaFrame scoreMuscle scoreUdder scoreDocilityTick scoreParasite egg countMature weightMaintenance energyFeed efficiencyDrop weightType scoreUterine scoreTooth scorePrecocity score

Feedlot feed consumptionFeedlot surv.Pre-wean surv.Serving capacityServing proportionSemen volumeHip heightLeg scoreLength productive lifeDoing abilityGrand-maternal weaningTwinning rateDays to 11mm BFDays to 75% ChoiceDays to carc wt.Hair whorl scoreAverage daily gainWt. /day of ageLiver weightResting heart ratePulmonary arteriole pressureBrisket disease rateBraveryAggression

Page 36: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

New CarcassIndex Traits in Angus in 2004

Page 37: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Feedlot Value ($F)– Uses Weaning and Yearling Weight EPD’s

along with trait interrelationships– Uses typical feedlot gain value,days on feed,

feed consumption and cost differences– Trait range -$43 to +$67

Page 38: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Grid Value ($G)– Combines quality grade and yield grade– Gives premiums for Prime,CAB and Choice– Yield grade premiums for YG1and YG2 and

discounts YG4 and YG5– Range -$20 to +$43

Page 39: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Beef Value ($B)– Represents the expected average

dollar per head difference in progeny post weaning performance and carcass value

– Calculated from the Feedlot Value ($F) and the Grid Value ($G)

– Designed to be a reflection of feedlot and carcass merit

– Value Range -$36 to +$61

Page 40: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Tenderness:Warner Bratzler Shear Force(WBSF)Calpain-enzyme increases tendernessCalpastatin-enzyme inhibits calpainTenderGENE- a DNA marker test for

Calpain genesGene Star Tenderness I-DNA test for less

Calpastatin

Page 41: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 42: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Typical Genetic EvaluationToday EPD’s are:

– Proven– Accepted– Well-used

In the Future will:– More EPD allow us to better characterize

the genetic potential of animals– They be designed for more profitable

selection decisions

What does the future hold

Page 43: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Combining EPD for financially sound selection decisionsSelection index (Hazel, 1943)

Has been successfully implemented in other livestock species

Page 44: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Methods ofMultiple-Trait SelectionIndependent Culling Levels-Sire Search

– Most commonly used– Set min/max levels for each trait (EPD)

Selection Index-– Most effective for overcoming

antagonisms– Weight traits (EPD) on economic

importance

Page 45: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Selection IndexSelection Index is fairly aggressiveMost producers will be able to

design a simple index using a spreadsheet such as Microsoft Excel

Many breed association and university personnel are working on an index

Bull test stations have used indexes for years to determine which bulls qualify for the sale.

Page 46: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 47: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’ All BullWhat is the value difference in the

following two bulls:– Bull A WW EPD = +16– Bull B WW EPD = +32

– Difference = 16 pounds in EPD

Price is $1.05 per pound– 16 * 1.05 = $16.80

Assume we will keep replacements for a 400 cow herd

Page 48: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.
Page 49: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Our desire is that producers use EPDs to build indexes that are consistant with their business goal(s)

Profit = Income – Expense

Page 50: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

How Do Our Bull Measure Up– Reviewed the Angus Sold in 2000-2002

at Platteville WBIA Bull Sales• Fourteen(14 Bulls) had progeny data with

accuracies above .75 for birth and weaning weight

• Used in Registered herds where AI sires were available for comparison

• EPD’s from Sale Catalog compared to Current EPD values(Spring 2004 Angus Sire Summary

Page 51: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull-----Platteville

Catalog EPD values of 14 bullsSale catalog BW WW YR Milk

3.2 40 74 20

Current Value 3.0 40 74 19

Page 52: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull-----Platteville

No Difference in the group averageAs Individuals most changed two

lbs or less in growth traitsMore change in Milk EPD up to 14

lbs– Why—Bulls sires had no daughter

history when used and when proven the values reflect it

– These bulls have no daughter data in summary, they are their parent averages

Page 53: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Animal Name Animal Reg. No.Birth EPD Birth Acc. Wean EPD Wean Acc. Milk EPD Milk Acc. Year EPD Year Acc.Bon View New Design 878 13062750 +1.3 .99 +39 .99 +35 .91 +80 .99Bon View New Design 1407 12783540 +.1 .99 +39 .99 +30 .91 +87 .99Rito 6I6 of 4B20 6807 12530601 -.3 .99 +35 .99 +24 .94 +80 .99Vermilion Dateline 7078 12810693 +5.9 .99 +59 .99 +11 .83 +115 .99Tw in Valley Precision E161 12346200 +2.9 .99 +38 .99 +26 .91 +87 .99Sitz Alliance 6595 12310707 +3.0 .99 +47 .99 +34 .99 +89 .99S A F 598 Bando 5175 12350821 +5.0 .99 +60 .99 +31 .96 +115 .99B/R New Design 036 11418151 +2.2 .99 +39 .99 +31 .99 +81 .99Rockn D Ambush 1531 12396365 +2.0 .99 +40 .99 +16 .94 +68 .99B C C Bushw acker 41-93 12048084 +3.1 .99 +55 .99 +27 .95 +86 .99S A F Focus of E R 12618076 +.6 .99 +48 .99 +24 .98 +89 .99White Oak Precise 6002 13205097 +.9 .99 +25 .99 +19 .66 +53 .97Leachman Right Time 11750711 +2.5 .99 +43 .99 +20 .99 +81 .99G A R Precision 1680 11520398 +1.7 .99 +29 .99 +23 .99 +71 .99N Bar Emulation EXT 10776479 +2.0 .99 +42 .99 +21 .99 +81 .99GDAR SVF Traveler 234D 12309327 +5.2 .99 +45 .99 +23 .97 +78 .99C A Future Direction 5321 12493607 +.3 .99 +35 .99 +13 .77 +66 .97Connealy Freightliner 13026916 +2.0 .99 +43 .99 +21 .80 +88 .99Alberda Traveler 416 12176446 +4.4 .99 +36 .99 +22 .98 +77 .99

Top Use Bull in 2002

Page 54: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

Top Use Bull in 2001

Animal Name Animal Reg. No. Birth EPD Birth Acc. Wean EPD Wean Acc. Milk EPD Milk Acc. Daus Year EPDB/R New Design 036 11418151 +2.2 .99 +39 .99 +31 .99 2499 +81S A F Focus of E R 12618076 +.6 .99 +48 .99 +24 .98 795 +89Rito 6I6 of 4B20 6807 12530601 -.3 .99 +35 .99 +24 .94 195 +80Bon View New Design 878 13062750 +1.3 .99 +39 .99 +35 .91 121 +80GDAR SVF Traveler 234D 12309327 +5.2 .99 +45 .99 +23 .97 458 +78Connealy Dateline 12015519 +1.2 .99 +36 .99 +13 .99 1900 +72N Bar Emulation EXT 10776479 +2.0 .99 +42 .99 +21 .99 12398 +81Sitz Alliance 6595 12310707 +3.0 .99 +47 .99 +34 .99 875 +89Bon View New Design 1407 12783540 +.1 .99 +39 .99 +30 .91 133 +87Leachman Right Time 11750711 +2.5 .99 +43 .99 +20 .99 3676 +81Rockn D Ambush 1531 12396365 +2.0 .99 +40 .99 +16 .94 190 +68Alberda Traveler 416 12176446 +4.4 .99 +36 .99 +22 .98 504 +77Tw in Valley Precision E161 12346200 +2.9 .99 +38 .99 +26 .91 92 +87Vermilion Dateline 7078 12810693 +5.9 .99 +59 .99 +11 .83 43 +115TC Stockman 365 11994601 +4.4 .99 +41 .99 +28 .99 4034 +77V D A R Lucys Boy 11567326 +1.8 .99 +28 .99 +23 .99 3065 +65S A F Fame 11935889 +.9 .99 +47 .99 +6 .99 4022 +78G A R Precision 1680 11520398 +1.7 .99 +29 .99 +23 .99 2421 +71B T Ultravox 297E 12396224 +5.2 .99 +56 .99 +26 .89 58 +101J L B Exacto 416 12223258 +3.6 .99 +42 .99 +33 .94 202 +80

Page 55: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Summary– Bulls play large role in herd genetics– Many tools are now available to decide

– Producers must decide what traits are important to them, visual & $$$

– Indexes will play a role in the future as we have more traits to evaluate and use to sort bulls

Page 56: It’s All Bull Seminars UW Extension Livestock Focus Team March 23 rd, 2004-----Elk Mound March 25 th, 2004-----Almond March 26 th, 2004-----Platteville.

It’s All Bull

Thanks for your attendance

Have a safe trip home


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