ITGD3101Modern Telecommunications Lecture8- Third-Generations Mobile Systems week 8- S1/ 2009-2010 Dr. Anwar Mousa University of Palestine Faculty of Information.

ITGD3101Modern Telecommunications

Lecture8- Third-Generations Mobile Systems

week 8- S1/ 2009-2010

Dr. Anwar Mousa

University of PalestineFaculty of Information Technology

Today, we are going to talk about:

Third-Generations Mobile Systems

THIRD GENERATION SYSTEMSTHIRD GENERATION SYSTEMS UMTS Main characteristicsUMTS Main characteristics UMTS architectureUMTS architecture UMTS FrequenciesUMTS Frequencies UMTS Location Based ServicesUMTS Location Based Services UMTS SecurityUMTS Security CDMA OverviewCDMA Overview CDMA CodingCDMA Coding The spreading processThe spreading process WCDMAWCDMA

OUTLINEOUTLINE

GENERATIONGENERATION MOBILE SYSTEMMOBILE SYSTEM

1G: 1G: (AMPS), ((AMPS), (NMTNMT), and (), and (TACSTACS).).

2G : GSM , 2G : GSM , iDENiDEN , ,D-AMPSD-AMPS 2.5G : GPRS, 2.5G : GPRS, WiDENWiDEN 2.75G: EDGE 2.75G: EDGE (EGPRS)(EGPRS)

3G : W-CDMA , UMTS,3G : W-CDMA , UMTS, CDMA2000CDMA2000 3.5G : HSDPA 3.5G : HSDPA 3.75G : HSUPA , HSOPA3.75G : HSUPA , HSOPA

[WI-MAX ([WI-MAX (HIPERMANHIPERMAN), WI-FI (), WI-FI (HIPERLANHIPERLAN)])] 3GPP UMTS LTE3GPP UMTS LTE, Ultra Mobile Broadband, Ultra Mobile Broadband

(UMB) (UMB) , , WiBroWiBro

1. MOBILE SYSTEMS1. MOBILE SYSTEMSEVOLUTIONEVOLUTION

3 Third-Generation Mobile 3 Third-Generation Mobile SystemsSystems

Main Main FeaturesFeaturesThe main Features of The main Features of 3G3G systems, known collectively as systems, known collectively as IMT–2000IMT–2000, are , are single family of compatible standardssingle family of compatible standards

Characteristics:Characteristics: Used Used worldwideworldwide Used for all mobile Used for all mobile applicationsapplications Support both packet switched (Support both packet switched (PSPS) and circuit switched ) and circuit switched

((CSCS) data) data Offer high data rates up to Offer high data rates up to 2 Mbps2 Mbps (depending on (depending on

mobility/velocity) mobility/velocity) Offer high Offer high spectrum efficiencyspectrum efficiency

StandardStandard HarmonizationHarmonization

Standard harmonization produced three modes of Standard harmonization produced three modes of operation:operation:

CDMA-DS (CDMA - Direct Sequence) based on CDMA-DS (CDMA - Direct Sequence) based on UMTS Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) UMTS Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

CDMA-MC (CDMA - Multi Carrier) based on CDMA-MC (CDMA - Multi Carrier) based on CDMA2000 CDMA2000

CDMA-TDD (CDMA - Time Division Duplex) based CDMA-TDD (CDMA - Time Division Duplex) based on UMTS TDD on UMTS TDD

UMTS -Main characteristicsUMTS -Main characteristics

The most important IMT–2000 proposals are the The most important IMT–2000 proposals are the UMTS (W-CDMA)UMTS (W-CDMA) as the as the successor to GSMsuccessor to GSM. .

To reach To reach global acceptanceglobal acceptance, 3GPP is introducing UMTS in annual , 3GPP is introducing UMTS in annual releases. releases. The first releaseThe first release (UMTS Rel. ’99), introduced in 1999, (UMTS Rel. ’99), introduced in 1999,

enhancements and transitions for existing GSM networks. enhancements and transitions for existing GSM networks.

The second releaseThe second release (UMTS Rel. ’00),(UMTS Rel. ’00), enhancements for IS–95 (with CDMA2000) and TDMA (with enhancements for IS–95 (with CDMA2000) and TDMA (with

EDGE). EDGE).

UMTS includes both UMTS includes both terrestrial terrestrial andand satellite satellite systems to systems to support universal roaming and global coverage. support universal roaming and global coverage.

UMTS -Main characteristics UMTS -Main characteristics cont…cont…

The most significant change in Rel. ’99 isThe most significant change in Rel. ’99 is the new the new UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRA)UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRA),, a W–a W–

CDMA radio interface for land-based communications.CDMA radio interface for land-based communications.

UTRA supports (TDD) and (FDD). UTRA supports (TDD) and (FDD). The TDD mode is optimized for public micro and pico cells The TDD mode is optimized for public micro and pico cells The FDD mode is optimized for wide-area coverageThe FDD mode is optimized for wide-area coverage

Another newly defined UTRA mode, Another newly defined UTRA mode, multicarrier (MC),multicarrier (MC), established compatibility between established compatibility between UMTS and CDMA2000UMTS and CDMA2000. .

Evolutionary ConceptEvolutionary Concept

More than More than 60 3G/UMTS60 3G/UMTS networks using networks using WCDMA WCDMA technology technology are operating commercially in are operating commercially in 25 countries25 countries..

Japanese operator Japanese operator NTT DoCoMoNTT DoCoMo launched the world's launched the world's

first commercial WCDMA network in first commercial WCDMA network in 20012001..

3G/UMTS employs a 3G/UMTS employs a 5 MHz5 MHz channel carrier width channel carrier width

Operators are usually granted blocks of spectrum - typically Operators are usually granted blocks of spectrum - typically ranging from ranging from 2x10 MHz up to 2x20 MHz2x10 MHz up to 2x20 MHz..

UMTS -Main characteristics UMTS -Main characteristics cont…cont…

UMTS supports the UMTS supports the virtual home environmentvirtual home environment (VHE(VHE) concept.) concept.

UMTS supports UMTS supports four types of traffic:four types of traffic:

Conversational class Conversational class (voice, video telephony, video (voice, video telephony, video gaming)gaming)

Streaming class Streaming class (multimedia, video on demand, webcast)(multimedia, video on demand, webcast) Interactive class Interactive class (web browsing, network gaming, database (web browsing, network gaming, database

access)access) Background class Background class (email, SMS, downloading)(email, SMS, downloading)

UMTS -Main characteristics cont…UMTS -Main characteristics cont…

UMTS employs UMTS employs a Hierarchical Cell Structurea Hierarchical Cell Structure

MacrocellsMacrocells overlaying overlaying microcells microcells and and picocells.picocells.

Highly mobileHighly mobile traffic is operated on the traffic is operated on the macrocellsmacrocells to reduce the number of to reduce the number of handoffshandoffs. .

UMTS –Data ratesUMTS –Data rates

Hierarchical Cell StructureHierarchical Cell Structure

Offered Offered data ratedata rate targets are: targets are:

144 kbits/s144 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoorsatellite and rural outdoor 384 kbits/s384 kbits/s urban outdoorurban outdoor 2048 kbits/s2048 kbits/s indoor and low range outdoor indoor and low range outdoor

UMTS –Data ratesUMTS –Data rates

UMTS –Data ratesUMTS –Data rates

The data rate supported by 3G networks depends on the The data rate supported by 3G networks depends on the environment the call is being made in environment the call is being made in

The UMTS architecture is split into:The UMTS architecture is split into: Core (switching) networkCore (switching) network::

performing switching and transmission functions. performing switching and transmission functions. contains the databases and network management contains the databases and network management functions.functions.

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRANUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN):): provides channel access to mobile usersprovides channel access to mobile users performs radio resource management and signalling performs radio resource management and signalling

User EquipmentUser Equipment: : based on the same principles as the GSM MSbased on the same principles as the GSM MSContains UMTS subscriber identity module card Contains UMTS subscriber identity module card (USIM).(USIM).

UMTS architectureUMTS architecture

GSM network GSM network architecturearchitecture

GPRS GPRS ArchitectureArchitecture

. .

UMTS architectureUMTS architecture

The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on GSM GSM network with GPRS.network with GPRS.

However, all equipment has to be modified for UMTS operation However, all equipment has to be modified for UMTS operation and services. and services.

The Core Network is divided in The Core Network is divided in circuit switched and packet circuit switched and packet switchedswitched domains. domains.

Some of the circuit switched elements are Some of the circuit switched elements are (MSC), (VLR)(MSC), (VLR) and and Gateway MSCGateway MSC. .

Packet switched elements are Packet switched elements are (SGSN)(SGSN) and and (GGSN).(GGSN).

Some network elements, like Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, EIR, HLR, and and AUCAUC are shared by both are shared by both domains.domains.

UMTS-Core NetworkUMTS-Core Network

UMTS UMTS differs from differs from GSM Phase 2+GSM Phase 2+ mostly in the new principles for air interface mostly in the new principles for air interface transmission transmission

(W–CDMA instead of TDMA/ FDMA). (W–CDMA instead of TDMA/ FDMA).

The The UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, based on W–UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, based on W–CDMA )CDMA )provides the air interface access method for User Equipment.provides the air interface access method for User Equipment.

TwoTwo new network elements are introduced in UTRAN, new network elements are introduced in UTRAN,

1.1. RNC (RNC (Radio Network Controller)Radio Network Controller) The RNC is connected to a set of Node B elements, each of which The RNC is connected to a set of Node B elements, each of which

can serve one or several cells. can serve one or several cells. 2.2. Node BNode B

UMTS- UMTS- UTRANUTRAN

The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access System The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access System (UTRA)(UTRA) provides at provides at least:least:

144 kbps for 144 kbps for full-mobilityfull-mobility applications, applications,

384 kbps for384 kbps for limited-mobility limited-mobility applications, applications,

2.048 Mbps for 2.048 Mbps for low-mobilitylow-mobility applications. applications.

UMTS- UMTS- UTRANUTRAN

UMTS- UMTS- UTRANUTRAN

Existing network elements, such as Existing network elements, such as MSC, SGSN, and HLRMSC, SGSN, and HLR, can , can be extended to adopt the UMTS requirementsbe extended to adopt the UMTS requirements

but but RNC, Node BRNC, Node B, , and theand the handsetshandsets must have must have completely new designs.completely new designs.

Node BNode B is the physical unit for is the physical unit for radio transmission/receptionradio transmission/reception

with cells.with cells.

Depending on sectoring Depending on sectoring (omni/sector cells),(omni/sector cells), one or more one or more cells may be served by a Node B. cells may be served by a Node B.

UTRANUTRAN-Node B-Node B

A single A single Node BNode B can support both can support both FDDFDD and and TDDTDD modesmodes

It can beIt can be co-located co-located with a with a GSM BTSGSM BTS to reduce to reduce implementation costs. implementation costs.

Node BNode B connects with the connects with the UEUE via the via the W–CDMA Uu radio W–CDMA Uu radio interfaceinterface

Node BNode B connects with the connects with the RNCRNC via thevia the Iub asynchronous Iub asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)–based interfacetransfer mode (ATM)–based interface..

Node B is the ATM termination pointNode B is the ATM termination point. .

UTRANUTRAN-Node B-Node B

UTRANUTRAN-Node B-Node B

. .

UMTS terminals (User Equipment-UMTS terminals (User Equipment-UEUE) are ) are multibandmultiband and and multimodemultimode

so that they can work with different standards.so that they can work with different standards.

UEUE has many different types of identities: has many different types of identities:

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P-TMSI)Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P-TMSI) Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI)Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI) Mobile station ISDN (MSISDN)Mobile station ISDN (MSISDN) International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) International Mobile Station Equipment Identity and Software International Mobile Station Equipment Identity and Software

Number (IMEISV)Number (IMEISV)

UTRAN-User EquipmentUTRAN-User Equipment

1920-19801920-1980 and and 2110-21702110-2170 MHzMHz (FDD, W-CDMA) (FDD, W-CDMA) Paired uplink and Paired uplink and downlink, downlink,

Channel spacing is Channel spacing is 5 MHz5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz. and raster is 200 kHz. An Operator needs An Operator needs 3 - 4 channels3 - 4 channels (2x15 MHz or 2x20 MHz) to be (2x15 MHz or 2x20 MHz) to be

able to build a high-speed, high-capacity network.able to build a high-speed, high-capacity network.

1900-19201900-1920 and and 2010-20252010-2025 MHzMHz (TDD, TD/CDMA) (TDD, TD/CDMA) Unpaired,Unpaired, channel spacing is channel spacing is 5 MHz5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz. and raster is 200 kHz. Tx and RxTx and Rx are not are not separated separated in frequency.in frequency.

1980-20101980-2010 and and 2170-2200 MHz2170-2200 MHz Satellite uplink and downlinkSatellite uplink and downlink..

UMTS-FrequenciesUMTS-Frequencies

UMTS-FrequenciesUMTS-Frequencies

TX-RX frequency separation

UTRA FDD frequency bands

UMTS networks supports UMTS networks supports location servicelocation service features. features.

Identify and report in a standard format (Identify and report in a standard format (geographical co-ordinatesgeographical co-ordinates) ) the current location of the user's terminalthe current location of the user's terminal

Make the information available to Make the information available to the userthe user, , network operatornetwork operator, and , and service providerservice provider. .

The location is to be used for The location is to be used for lawful interceptionlawful interception, , emergency callsemergency calls, , etc., as well as the etc., as well as the positioning servicespositioning services..

UMTS Location Based UMTS Location Based ServicesServices

Location Information consists of:Location Information consists of: Geographic LocationGeographic Location Velocity (Velocity (the combination of speed and headingthe combination of speed and heading ) ) Quality of Service information (Quality of Service information (response timeresponse time))

Specifications specify the following positioning methodsSpecifications specify the following positioning methods::

Cell coverageCell coverage based positioning method based positioning method Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOAOTDOA) method) method Network assisted Network assisted GPS GPS methods.methods.

UMTS Location Based UMTS Location Based

Services, cont…Services, cont…

OTDOA Location MethodOTDOA Location Method

The security functions of UMTS are based on what was The security functions of UMTS are based on what was implemented in GSM. implemented in GSM.

Some of the security functions added and some existing Some of the security functions added and some existing improved. improved.

Encryption algorithm is Encryption algorithm is strongerstronger and included in and included in (NODE-B)(NODE-B) to to (RNC)(RNC) interface. interface.

The main security elements that are from GSM:The main security elements that are from GSM: Authentication of subscribersAuthentication of subscribers Subscriber identity confidentiallySubscriber identity confidentially (SIM) to be removable from terminal hardware(SIM) to be removable from terminal hardware Radio interface encryptionRadio interface encryption

UMTS SecurityUMTS Security

Additional UMTS security features:Additional UMTS security features:

Encryption extended from air interface only to includeEncryption extended from air interface only to include Node-Node-B to RNC connectionB to RNC connection

Security data in the network are Security data in the network are protectedprotected in in storagestorage and and while while transmittingtransmitting

Mechanism for Mechanism for upgrading securityupgrading security features. features.

However, core network However, core network traffictraffic between between RNCs RNCs, , MSCs and other MSCs and other networksnetworks is is not cipherednot ciphered ! !

UMTS Security cont…UMTS Security cont…

For radio systems there are two resources, For radio systems there are two resources, frequencyfrequency and and timetime..

Division by frequency, so that each pair of communicators is Division by frequency, so that each pair of communicators is allocated part of the spectrum for all of the time, (allocated part of the spectrum for all of the time, (FDMAFDMA).).

Division by time, so that each pair of communicators is allocated all Division by time, so that each pair of communicators is allocated all (or at least a large part) of the spectrum for part of the time, (or at least a large part) of the spectrum for part of the time, ((TDMATDMA).).

In Code Division Multiple Access In Code Division Multiple Access ((CDMACDMA),), every communicator will every communicator will be allocated the entire spectrum all of the time. CDMA uses be allocated the entire spectrum all of the time. CDMA uses codescodes to identify connections.to identify connections.

CDMA OverviewCDMA Overview

Multiple Access SchemesMultiple Access Schemes

....

CDMA uses unique CDMA uses unique spreading codesspreading codes to spread to spread the baseband data before transmissionthe baseband data before transmission. .

The signal is transmitted in a channel, which is The signal is transmitted in a channel, which is below noise level. below noise level.

The receiver then uses The receiver then uses a correlator to a correlator to despreadespreadd the the wanted signalwanted signal, which is passed through a , which is passed through a narrow bandpass filter. narrow bandpass filter.

CDMA CODINGCDMA CODING

THE SPREADING PROCESSTHE SPREADING PROCESSCDMA spreadingCDMA spreading

Unwanted signalsUnwanted signals will not be despread and will will not be despread and will not pass through the filter.not pass through the filter.

Codes take the form of a carefully designed Codes take the form of a carefully designed one/zero sequenceone/zero sequence produced at a much produced at a much higher ratehigher rate than that of the baseband data. than that of the baseband data.

The rate of a spreading code is referred to as The rate of a spreading code is referred to as chip ratechip rate rather than rather than bit ratebit rate . .

CDMA CODINGCDMA CODING

CDMA CODINGCDMA CODING

WCDMA uses WCDMA uses Direct Sequence spreadingDirect Sequence spreading, ,

spreading process is done by directly spreading process is done by directly combining the baseband combining the baseband information to high chip rate binaryinformation to high chip rate binary code. code.

The The Spreading FactorSpreading Factor is the is the ratio of the chipsratio of the chips (UMTS = (UMTS = 3.84Mchips/s) 3.84Mchips/s) to baseband rateto baseband rate. .

TDD and FDD WCDMATDD and FDD WCDMA uses spreading factors uses spreading factors 4 - 5124 - 512 to spread to spread the base band data over ~5MHz band. the base band data over ~5MHz band.

THE SPREADING THE SPREADING PROCESSPROCESS

THE SPREADING PROCESSTHE SPREADING PROCESSCDMA spreadingCDMA spreading

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W CDMAW CDMA) is one of the ) is one of the main technologies for the implementation of (3G) cellular systems main technologies for the implementation of (3G) cellular systems

The complexity of W-CDMA systems can be viewed from The complexity of W-CDMA systems can be viewed from the computational complexity of a receiver.the computational complexity of a receiver.

W-CDMA link-level simulations are over W-CDMA link-level simulations are over 10 times10 times more compute- more compute-intensive than current second-generation simulations.intensive than current second-generation simulations.

In W-CDMA interface different users can In W-CDMA interface different users can simultaneouslysimultaneously transmit at transmit at different data ratesdifferent data rates and data rates can even and data rates can even vary in timevary in time..

UMTS-UMTS-WCDMAWCDMA

WCDMA Link BudgetWCDMA Link Budget

Link budgetLink budget planning is part of the network planning process, which planning is part of the network planning process, which helps to dimensionhelps to dimension the required coverage, the required coverage, capacitycapacity quality of service requirement in the network.quality of service requirement in the network.

UMTS WCDMA macro cell UMTS WCDMA macro cell coveragecoverage is is uplink limiteduplink limited, , because mobiles power level is limited to (because mobiles power level is limited to (voice terminal 125mWvoice terminal 125mW). ).

Downlink direction limits the available Downlink direction limits the available capacitycapacity of the cell, of the cell, BTS power (BTS power (typically 20-40Wtypically 20-40W) has to be divided to all users.) has to be divided to all users.

شكرا لكم

THANK YOU