Islamic and Middle Eastern Law (FS 2020, Course No. 1696 ...1618089d-610f-481f...Introduction Historical and political context: emergence of Islam and formative period Sunni and Shi’a

Prof. Dr. Andrea Büchler, University of Zurich

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Islamic and Middle Eastern Law (FS 2020, Course No. 1696) Syllabus and Lecture Schedule

I. General Information

COULSON NOEL J., A History of Islamic Law, Edinburgh 1964

BLACK ANN / ESMAEILI HOSSEIN / HOSEN NADIRSYAH, Modern Perspectives on Islamic Law, Cheltenham 2013

MALLAT CHIBLI, Introduction to Islamic Law, Oxford 2009

HEFNER ROBERT W., Shari’a Politics: Islamic law and society in the modern world, Bloomington 2011

NASIR JAMAL J., The Islamic law of personal status, Leiden 2009

PETERS RUDOLPH, Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law, Cambridge 2007

ROHE MATHIAS, Islamic law in past and present, Leiden 2015

VIKØR KNUT S., Between God and the sultan: A History of Islamic Law, London 2005

The lecture " Islamic and Middle Eastern Law" gives an overview of classical Islamic law and its current development and application in Middle Eastern

countries. The first part of the course covers the historical and political foundations, the sources and methodological aspects of Islamic law. The second part of

the course focuses on personal status law in light of classical rules and recent law reforms including law of marriage, dissolution of marriage and children.

Criminal law is also taken into account. In the third part, we will examine the relevancy of Islamic law and ethics in today’s Muslim societies with reference to

human rights and medical law. In the final part, the course will address legal issues arising in the context of migration from Muslim countries: questions of

international private law, arbitration in family law matters, and the claim for legal and normative pluralism.

Please note that the detailed lecture schedule (pp. 4–12) may be subject to change.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Büchler, University of Zurich

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II. Lecture/Student Seminars/Exam

This course is partially run in seminar format. This means that the lectures are divided into two parts (see lecture schedule for exceptions): In the first part,

Prof. Büchler will read on the subjects as per attached schedule. The students are required to prepare for class by reading all texts listed under “Lecture

Reading Material”.

The second part of the lecture will consist of the student seminars. The students are required to present a paper in class (see lecture schedule for papers). For

the presentation, the students have to identify the key points of the assigned reading by engaging critically with the information provided in the text and

initiate the subsequent plenary discussion. All students must prepare in advance by reading the texts listed under “Student Seminar Reading”.

The reading material and slides are on the Chair’s website (“Lehrveranstaltungen FS20” “Introduction to Islamic and Middle Eastern Law”). The online

resource “Islamic and Middle Eastern Law – An Introduction” is on the website of the Center for Islamic and Middle Eastern Legal Studies (CIMELS).

Grades will be based on:

1. Class preparedness and participation in discussions (20%)

2. Presentation of the pre-assigned text (quality of presentation, thoughtfulness of analysis) (30%)

3. Written exam at the end of the semester based on the lecture incl. reading material (lecture & slides, lecture reading material & student seminar

reading) (50%)

Students are required to attend all lectures. One unexcused absence is permitted. Attendance is checked during each session.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Büchler, University of Zurich

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Guideline for presentation

Students must:

- Give a short and concise synopsis related to the individual reading by identifying the key points

- Engage critically with the information provided in the text

- Identify points of perspectives / opinions / two to three questions that are a productive starting point for the subsequent discussion

Total time of presentation for each student: 20 min (excl. discussion)

There will be 1 – 2 plenary discussion rounds in each session.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Büchler, University of Zurich

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III. Lecture Schedule

Date & Time Lecturer Topics Content Lecture Reading Material Student Seminar Reading

25 February (Tuesday) 14.00-17.00 KO2-F-152

Andrea Büchler Historical Overview and Sources of Islamic Law

Introduction Historical and political context: emergence of Islam and formative period Sunni and Shi’a Sources of Islamic law: Qur’an, Sunna, ‘ijma, qiyas The early development of Islamic law (madhabs, usul al-fiqh) Methodology of law (usul al-fiqh) Development of Islamic law up to the present time (closed door of ijtihad; era of taqlid);

An-Nawawī’s Forty Hadith. An Anthology of the Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, translated by Ibrahim Ezzeddin / Johnson-Davies Denys, Cambridge 1997, 26–61 BADERIN MASHOOD A., Understanding Islamic Law in Theory and Practice, in: Baderin Mashood A. (ed.), Islamic Legal Theory, Vol. I, Surrey/Burlington 2014, 77–81 COULSON NOEL J., A History of Islamic Law, Edinburgh 1964, 9–102 ESPOSITO JOHN L., Islam: The Straight Path, 3rd ed., New York/Oxford 1998, 1–67, 88–93 HALLAQ WAEL B., “Modernizing the law in the age of nation-states”, Shari’a: Theory, Practice, Transformation, Cambridge 2009, 443–499 LUOMI MARI, Sectarian Identities or Geopolitics? The Regional Shia-Sunni Divide in the Middle East, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Working Papers 56 (2008), 4–47 ROHE MATHIAS, Islamic Law in Past and Present, Leiden/Boston 2015, 25–96

No student seminar Other Material: Islamic and Middle Eastern Law – An Introduction (Online Resource) Laws & More (Online Resource)

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relationship Islamic law and national legal orders (nationalization; re-islamization) Egypt as example Documentary FRONTLINE: “Bitter Rivals: Iran and Saudi Arabia”

Date & Time Lecturer Topics Content Lecture Reading Material Student Seminar Reading

10 March (Tuesday) 14.00-18.00 KOL-G-212

Andrea Büchler Personal Status Law 1

Introduction to Islamic personal status law Marriage Divorce Film: “Divorce Iranian Style” by Ziba Mir-Hosseini

NASIR JAMAL J. A., “Marriage”, The Islamic Law of Personal Status, 3rd ed., Leiden/Boston 2009, 44–82 PEARL DAVID / MENSKI WERNER, “Muslim Marriage”, Muslim Family Law, 3rd ed., London 1998, 139–149, 176–185, 237–247 SONBOL AMIRA, Marriage Contracts in Islamic History, in: Yassari Nadjma (ed.), Changing God’s Law, Abington/New York 2016, 225–244 YAMANI MAHA A. Z., “Polygamy in General”, Polygamy and Law in Contemporary Saudi Arabia, Reading 2008, 9–38 KRUINIGER PAULINE, “Divorce in Shari’a Law”, Islamic Divorces in Europe: Bridging the Gap Between

No Student Seminar

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European and Islamic Legal Orders, The Hague/Portland 2016, 57–112 NASIR JAMAL J. A., “Dissolution of Marriage”, “Iddat”, The Islamic Law of Personal Status, 3rd ed., Leiden/Boston 2009, 106–144 PEARL DAVID / MENSKI WERNER, “Dissolution of Marriage”, Muslim Family Law, 3rd ed., London 1998, 279–291

Date & Time Lecturer Topics Content Lecture Reading Material Student Seminar Reading

11 March (Wednesday) 09.00-12.00 KOL-G-212

Andrea Büchler Personal Status Law 2

Children

NASIR JAMAL J.A, “Parentage”, “Child’s Rights during Infancy: Fosterage and Custody”, The Islamic Law of Personal Status, 3rd ed., Leiden/Boston 2009, 145–172 PEARL DAVID / MENSKI WERNER, “Parents and Children”, Muslim Family Law, 3rd ed., London 1998, 399–401, 408–412, 425–426, 430

1. OSMAN AMR, The Qur’an and the Hadith as sources of Islamic Law, in: Abou El Fadl Khaled / Atif Ahmad Ahmad / Hassan Said Fares (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Islamic Law, New York 2019, 127–140 2. BERGER MAURITS S., Sharia and the Nation State, in: Peters Rudolph / Bearman Peri (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law, Surrey/Burlington 2014, 223–234 3. LINDBEKK MONIKA, The Enforcement of Personal Status Law by Egyptian Courts, in: Giunchi Elisa (ed.),

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Adjudicating Family Law in Muslim Courts, London/New York 2014, 87–105 4. SONNEVELD NADIA, Divorce Reform in Egypt and Morocco: Men and Women Navigating Rights and Duties, Islamic Law and Society 26 (2019), 149–178

Date & Time Lecturer Topics Content Lecture Reading Material Student Seminar Reading

07 April (Tuesday) 14.00-18.00 KO2-F-152

Andrea Büchler Criminal Law

Islamic criminal law and criminal law in the Middle East

BASSIOUNI M. CHERIF, Crimes and the Criminal Process, Arab Law Quarterly 12 (1997), 269–286 PETERS RUDOLPH, Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law, Cambridge 2007, 6–68

1. SHABANA AYMAN, Paternity Between Law and Biology: The Reconstruction of the Islamic Law of Paternity in the Wake of DNA Testing, Zygon 47.1 (2012), 214–239 2. MÖLLER LENA-MARIA, Improving Women’s Rights through Children’s Rights? The Reform of Custody Laws in Contemporary Muslim Jurisdictions, in: Jänterä-Jareborg Maarit / Tigroudja Hélène (eds.), Women’s Human Rights and the Elimination of Discrimination, Leiden/Boston 2016, 465–489 3. ALI SHAHEEN SARDAR / KHAN

SAJILA SOHAIL, Chapter 11: Evolving Conceptions of

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Children’s Rights: Some Reflections on Muslim States’ Engagement with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, in: Yassari Nadjma / Möller Lena-Maria / Gallala-Arndt Imen (eds.), Parental Care and the Best Interests of the Child in Muslim Countries, The Hague 2017, 285–324 4. BADERIN MASHOOD A., Effective Legal Representation in “Shari’ah” Courts as a Means of addressing Human Rights Concerns in the Islamic Criminal Justice System of Muslim States, in: Baderin Mashood A. (ed.), Issues in Islamic Law, Vol. II, Surrey/Burlington 2014, 397–429 5. MIR-HOSSEINI ZIBA, Criminalising Sexuality: Zina Laws as Violence against Women in Muslim Contexts, SUR: International Journal on Human Rights 8.5 (2011), 7–33

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Date & Time Lecturer Topics Content Lecture Reading Material Student Seminar Reading

08 April (Wednesday) 09.00-12.00 KAB-E-05

Andrea Büchler Contemporary Hermeneutical Approaches; Islam & Human Rights

Overview different hermeneutical approaches Relationship Islam & human rights, particularly gender equality Particular fields of tension Contemporary Muslim intellectual thinking Analysis & perspectives

BLACK ANN / ESMAEILI HOSSEIN / HOSEN NADIRSYAH, “Contemporary debates on and within Islam”, Modern Perspectives on Islamic Law, Cheltenham/Northampton 2013, 242–282 KURZMAN CHARLES, “Introduction”, in: Kurzman Charles (ed.), Liberal Islam. A Sourcebook, New York/Oxford 1998, 3–26 TAJI-FAROUKHI SUHA, “Introduction”, in: Taji-Farouki Suha (ed.), Modern Muslim Intellectuals and the Qur’an, London 2006, 1–28 SAEED ABDULLAH, “Introduction”, in: Saeed Abdullah (ed.), Islam and Human Rights Vol. I – Key Issues in the Debates, Cheltenham/Massachusetts 2012, xiii–xvii MIR-HOSSEINI ZIBA, Islamic law and the question of gender equality, in: Abu El Fadl Khaled / Atif Ahmad Ahmad / Farese Hassan Said (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Islamic Law, New York 2019, 340–354

1. LAMBRABET ASMA, An Egalitarian Reading of the Concepts of Khilafa, Wilayah and Qiwamah, in: Mir-Hossein Ziba / Al-Sharmani Mulki / Rumminger Jana (eds.), Men in Charge? Rethinking Authority in Muslim Legal Tradition, London 2015, 65–87 2. WELCHMANN LYNN, A Husband’s Authority: Emerging Formulations in Muslim Family Laws, in: Baderin Mashood A. (ed.), Issues in Islamic Law, Vol. II, Surrey/Burlington 2014, 121–143 3. GALLALA-ARNDT IMEN, Tunisia after the Arab Spring: Women’s Rights at Risk?, in: Grote Rainer / Röder Tilmann J., Constitutionalism, Human Rights, and Islam after the Arab Spring, New York 2016, 599–614

Date & Time Lecturer Topics Content Lecture Reading Material Student Seminar Reading

28 April (Tuesday)

Andrea Büchler Islam & Medical Law

Relevancy of Islamic law in bioethical issues

ATIGHETCHI DARIUSCH, “Introduction to Muslim Law”, “Features of Islamic Bioethics”, Islamic Bioethics: Problems and Perspectives, Dordrecht

1. MAYER ANN ELIZABETH, General Remarks on Human Rights and Islam in the

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14.00-18.00 KOL-G-212

Relationship Islamic law, bioethics and state law Basic principles according to religious sources Abortion; artificial reproductive technologies; organ transplantation

2009, 1–28 BÜCHLER ANDREA / SCHNEIDER KAYASSEH EVELINE, Medically Assisted Reproduction in Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates: Sunni and Shia Legal Debates, European Journal of Law Reform 16.2 (2014), 430–464

Middle East, in: Elliesie Hatem (ed.), Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht VII, Islam und Menschenrechte (Leipziger Beiträge zu Orientforschung) Band 26, Frankfurt am Main 2010, 219–237 2. ESMAEILI HOSSEIN / MARBOE

IRMGARD / REHMAN JAVAID, “Islamic Law and Freedom of Expression”, The Rule of Law, Freedom of Expression and Islamic Law, Oxford 2017, 113–135 3. SHABANA AYMAN, Islamic law and bioethics, in: Abou El Fadl Khaled / Atif Ahmad Ahmad / Hassan Said Fares (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Islamic Law, New York 2019, 112–124 4. SHAPIRO GILLA K., Abortion law in Muslim-majority countries: an overview of the Islamic discourse with policy implications, Health Policy and Planning 29 (2014), 483–494

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5. GARMAROUDI NAEF SHIRIN, Gestational Surrogacy in Iran: Uterine Kinship in Shia Thought and Practice, in: Inhorn Marcia C. / Tremayne Soraya (eds.), Islam and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Sunni and Shia Perspectives, New York 2012, 156–193

Date & Time Lecturer Topics Content Lecture Reading Material Student Seminar Reading

29 April (Wednesday) 09.00-12.00 KOL-G-212

Andrea Büchler Islamic Law in Europe

European discourse International private Law Legal pluralism

ALLIEVI STEFANO, Conflicts, Cultures, and Religions: Islam in Europe as a Sign and Symbol of Change in European Societies, in: Nökel Sigrid / Tezcan Levent (ed.), Islam and the New Europe, Bielefeld 2005, 18–44 BERGER MAURITS S., “Introduction: Applying Shari’a in the West”, ROHE MATHIAS, “Reasons for the Application of Shari’a in the West”, in: Berger Maurits S. (ed.), Applying Shari’a in the West – Facts, Fears and the Future of Islamic Rules on Family Relations in the West, Leiden 2013, 7–46 BÜCHLER ANDREA, Islamic Law in Europe? Legal Pluralism and its Limits in European Family Laws, Farnham/Burlington 2011, 5–26 BÜCHLER ANDREA / LATIF AMIRA, Judicial encounters with Islamic and Middle Eastern Family Law in Switzerland from a private international law perspective – marriage and divorce, in: Giunchi Elisa (ed.), Muslim Family Law in Western Courts,

1. BERGER MAURITS S., Understanding Sharia in the West, Journal of Law, Religion and State 6 (2018), 236–273 2. VAN EJIK ESTHER, Khul’ Divorce in the Netherlands: Dutch Muslim Women Seeking Religious Divorce, Islamic Law and Society 26 (2019), 36–57 3. UDDIN ISLAM, Nikah-only Marriages: Causes, Motivations, and Their Impact on Dispute Resolution and Islamic Divorce Proceedings in England and Wales, Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 7 (2018), 401–426

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Abington/New York 2014, 55–86 SHAH PRAKASH, Between God and the Sultana? Legal pluralism in the British Muslim diaspora, in: Nielsen Jørgen S. / Christoffersen Lisbet (eds.), Shari’a as Discourse. Legal Traditions and the Encounter with Europe, Farnham 2010, 117–139