ISIS VU Team: Aniruddha S. Gokhale, Kitty Balasubramanian, Jai Balasubramanian, Gan Deng, George Edwards, Boris Kolpackov, Arvind Krishna, Tao Lu, Bala.

ISIS VU Team: Aniruddha S. Gokhale, Kitty Balasubramanian, Jai Balasubramanian, Gan Deng, George Edwards, Boris Kolpackov, Arvind Krishna, Tao Lu, Bala Natarajan, Jeff Parsons, Gabriele Trombetti, Emre Turkay

Institute for Software Integrated Systems (prime)Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee

DARPA/AFRL Contract # F33615-03-C-4112

Component Middleware & Generative Tools Component Middleware & Generative Tools for Distributed Real-time & Embedded for Distributed Real-time & Embedded

SystemsSystems

UAB Team: Jeff Gray, Jane Lin, Jing Zhang University of Alabama at Birmingham (subcontract)Birmingham, Alabama

PCES PI Meeting, June 29-30PCES PI Meeting, June 29-30thth, 2004, Chicago IL, 2004, Chicago IL

2

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

ISIS PCES2

• Model driven weaving of crosscutting concerns for middleware-based DRE systems

CIAO

CoSMICDAnCE

Domain

Access Resources

Assembler

Assembler

Planner

Domain Administrator

Specifies

CreatesComponent

ResourceRequirements

Impl Impl Impl

Properties

COMPONENT REPOSITORY

QoS Specs

Configurations

Dependencies

Developer

CreatesComponent Assembly

ComponentComponent

ComponentComponent

Creates Packager

Repository Administrator

Component Packages

Configures

Desktop Printer Laptop computer

Ethernet Bridge

Firewall

Creates

Executor

Deployment PlanUses

Deploys

Model Driven Middleware for DRE Systems

<CONFIGURATION_PASS><HOME> <…>

<COMPONENT><ID> <…></ID><EVENT_SUPPLIER><…events this component

supplies…></EVENT_SUPPLIER></COMPONENT>

</HOME></CONFIGURATION_PASS>

<CONFIGURATION_PASS><HOME> <…>

<COMPONENT><ID> <…></ID><EVENT_SUPPLIER><…events this component

supplies…></EVENT_SUPPLIER></COMPONENT></HOME>

</CONFIGURATION_PASS>

Benchmarking

Weaver

Synthesis

FunctionalModel

SystemicModel

Analysis

www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/cosmic & www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/CIAO

• CoSMIC - Modeling Deployment & Configuration (D&C) crosscutting concerns

• CIAO – QoS-enabled component middleware

• DAnCE – Deployment And Configuration Engine

Collaborators

LMCO, KSU, UAB, BBN, WashU, Boeing

• QoS-enabled middleware solutions

3

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

JUNE 2004

DELIVERABLES

4

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Addressing D&C Crosscutting Concerns with DAnCE

• Different Stages

• Development

• Developer

• Assembler

• Packager

• Target

• Domain Administrator

• Deployment

• Repository Administrator

• Planner

• Executor

• Actors are abstract

• Usually human + software tool

Domain

AccessResources

Assembler

Assembler

Planner

DomainAdministrator

Specifies

CreatesComponent

ResourceRequirements

Impl Impl Impl

Properties

COMPONENT REPOSITORY

QoS Specs

Configurations

Dependencies

Developer

CreatesComponent Assembly

ComponentComponent

ComponentComponent

Creates Packager

RepositoryAdministrator

Component Packages

Configures

Desktop Printer Laptop computer

Ethernet Bridge

Firewall

Creates

Executor

Deployment PlanUses

Deploys

Development

Target Deployment

5

PCES

06/04

GokhalePICML: Capturing & Modeling D&C Crosscutting Concerns

QoSProperties

Checksum

Version Dependencies

List of FilesQoS Specs ComponentInterconnections

ImplementationDLL DLL

QoSProperties

Checksum

Version Dependencies

ImplementationDLL DLL

• Context

• Configuring & Deploying component-based applications using XML meta-data

• Problem

• Meta-data split across multiple XML descriptors

• Inter-dependencies between descriptors

• XML is error-prone to read/write manually

• No guarantees about semantic validity (only syntactic validation possible)

• If meta-data is wrong, what about my application?

• Solution• PICML = Platform Independent Component Modeling Language

• Modeling paradigm developed using Generic Modeling Environment (GME)• Capture dependencies visually• Define semantic constraints using Object Constraint Language (OCL)• Generate domain specific meta-data from models• Correct-by-construction

6

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

IDML: Capturing Interface Definition Aspects in PICML

• IDML = Interface Definition Modeling Language• Graphical modeling language.• Component middleware building blocks.• Integrated with PICML.• Export model to equivalent XML format.• Generate middleware-specific application code.

• IDL generator finished

• Planned generators for EJB & ICE

IDL

XML

EJB

Create Model

Export

Generate

Modify Model

SLICE

IDL Generator

• IDL Importer translates IDL into IDML’s XML format.• Import XML into graphical modeling tool.

• Translate to other middleware platform.

• Develop model further• Regenerate IDL.

• Generate application code for a different middleware platform.

IDL

XML Import

Modify Model

IDL Importer

IDL EJB SLICE

7

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

EQAL: Capturing Event QoS Aspects in PICML

• Context

• Publisher/subscriber services are

highly configurable

• XML-based specification of QoS properties

• Problems

• Multiple dissimilar services

• Semantically invalid operating policies

• Error-prone handwritten XML

• Solution

• Use models to enforce policy constraints & synthesize configuration files

• EQAL = Event QoS Aspect Language• EQAL is part of PICML within the CoSMIC suite

• Built in the Generic Modeling Environment (GME)

• Addresses publisher/subscriber service configuration and deployment challenges

• Models specify service configurations and deployments

• Aspects decouple D&C concerns• Constraints ensure semantic validity• Interpreters generate descriptor files

8

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

1. EQAL is used to model a federated event service with three sites

2. The ECL strategy specifications are used to scale up any site as well as the corresponding connections in the EQAL model. Three steps are included:

• Add extra CORBA_Gateways to the existing sites

• Repeatedly replicate the site as an instance

• Create connections between all of the sites

3. C-SAW takes the original EQAL model and the ECL specifications, and then generates the new scaled-up EQAL model with additional sites:

• Model weaving to explore design alternatives more rapidly

• Design decisions crosscut model hierarchy

• Removes manual error resulting from tedious/repetitious changes

Using C-SAW for Aspect Weaving within EQAL Models

1 2

3

ECL Specificationsaspect Start( ){ scaleUpSites(1, 8, 4); }strategy scaleUpSites(site_id, max, idx: integer){ iterateSite_r(idx-1, 1, max, idx); addSite_r(site_id, max, idx); addCon_r1(site_id, max, 1, 1, idx); }strategy iterateSite_r(oldmax, oldidx, max, idx : integer){ declare id_str :string; if (oldidx <=oldmax) then id_str := intToString(oldidx); rootFolder().findModel("NewGateway_Federation"). findModel("Site " + id_str).addGateWay_r(max, idx); iterateSite_r(oldmax, oldidx+1, max, idx); endif;}

aspect Start( ){ scaleUpSites(1, 8, 4); }strategy scaleUpSites(site_id, max, idx: integer){ iterateSite_r(idx-1, 1, max, idx); addSite_r(site_id, max, idx); addCon_r1(site_id, max, 1, 1, idx); }strategy iterateSite_r(oldmax, oldidx, max, idx : integer){ declare id_str :string; if (oldidx <=oldmax) then id_str := intToString(oldidx); rootFolder().findModel("NewGateway_Federation"). findModel("Site " + id_str).addGateWay_r(max, idx); iterateSite_r(oldmax, oldidx+1, max, idx); endif;}

EQAL Model with 3 sites

EQAL Model with 8 sites

Weaver

9

PCES

06/04

GokhaleOCML & BGML: Addressing Configuration & Customization Crosscutting Concerns

• Options Configuration Modeling Language (OCML)

• Addressed ORB-level configuration aspects

• OCML provides constraints on valid combinations of ORB parameters.

• Synthesizes descriptors encoding the rules

• Application developers model a set of ORB configuration parameters

• Application developers validate their ORB configurations against these rules

• BGML/CCMPerf is a model integrated test & benchmarking suite

• Models application use-case scenarios to synthesize desired performance aspects of DRE applications

10

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Model Checking & Analysis in CoSMIC• Context

•DRE system CoSMIC models must be analyzed for functional correctness & QoS properties

•CoSMIC provides limited constraint-checking but no model checking & analysis

• Problem•Selecting the right analysis tool•Choosing the right tool data interchange & interoperability communication model

•Preserving semantics of data during transforms

•Lossless communication of data & its semantics

• Solution

•KSU’s Cadena model checker for analysis & model refinement

•Leverage DARPA MoBIES technology, e.g., Unified Data Model (UDM), Open Tool Interchange Format (OTIF), & Graph Transformation Tool (GReAT)

•Two way export & import of models and properties between CoSMIC & Cadena

•Lossless data communication via exporting only supported features and/or decorating models with extra information

11

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

JUNE 2004

EXPERIMENTS & METRICS

12

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Model-based Pub/Sub in CIAO for BBN UAV Satellite provides intelligence message

– Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC) alerts UAV Ground Station (UAVGS), which instructs a UAV to provide imagery.

– CAOC alerts Engagement System, which instructs Battle System to engage itself.

Implemented in CIAO using RT Event Service– 6 component types, 7 distributed hosts– Latency benchmarks developed in

distributed environment.

13

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Model-based Configuration & Benchmarking

Associate QoS metrics to measure in the scenario

Model test configuration using OCML

Model Component interactions

•For combination of options select configuration maximizing QoS•For pure clients the following settings represents a reusable C&C pattern:

{(ORBProfile = null), (ORBClientConnectionHandler = RW), (ORBTransportMuxStrategy = Exclusive), (ORBConnectStrategy = Reactive)}

14

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

JUNE 2004

DEMO

15

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Demos & Collaborations for 06/04 PI Meeting• Capstone Demo Prototype

•Showcase earlier capabilities of CoSMIC & CIAO on BBN UAV OEP

• Collaboration Demo

•Participants – LMCO (Eagan, Dallas), Kansas State U, Vanderbilt ISIS PCES-2 team

•Showcase end-to-end tool-chain with CoSMIC, Cadena & Kennedy Carter tools for a representative DRE application

• Tool Demos

•Showcase individual tools & capabilities of CoSMIC, DAnCE & CIAO

•Allow users to have hands-on experience

HumanMachineInterface

ManagementWork

Instructions

WatchSetting

Manager

RobotManager

PalletConveyorManager

Control Station GUI

Management GUI

Host 1 Host 2

16

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

DECEMBER 2004

PLANNED DELIVERABLES

17

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

XML Schema Compiler (XSC)Context

Increasing use of XML vocabularies as a data exchange format:– DnC– ARMS– Modelling tools

Problem

Standard APIs (SAX, DOM) are vocabulary-independent and thus dynamic and typeless.

Results in a hard to implement/use/maintain in-memory representations.

Solution

XML Schema Compiler, based on vocabulary specification, will automatically generate– statically-typed in-memory representation, parser,

and traversal mechanism for C++ or – CORBA IDL.

XML Schema

IDL

C++

XML Schema Compiler

18

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Planned Enhancements to DAnCE

• Extend DAnCE to provide static linking capabilities for use with Prism

• Extend XML Schema for Real-time properties & use XSC

• Deployment planning

• Further integration with Cadena, OTIF, & GReAT

• Showcase in Dec 04 Capstone demo

19

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Towards Platform Independence via MOF-Compliant Modeling

• Use MOF to IDL mapping to generate IDL interfaces.

• Inheriting from the MOF abstract IDL interfaces.

• Used to implement a repository for models.

• Through repository, models are accessible to other MOF-compliant tools.

• For generation

• For further development

• For reuse in other projects

• For analysis &simulation

MOF Modeling EnvironmentModel Repository

MOF Abstract Mapping (IDL)

MOF2IDLRepository IDL

inherits

implement

MOF-Compliant Tool MOF-Compliant Tool

20

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Planned Enhancements to C-SAW: Verification of Model Transformations

Problem1. Assumption is that model transformations are correctly written and the result captures the intent

of the desired transformation2. Difficult, if not impossible, to manually verify the correctness of a transformation that modifies

multiple locations along several dimensions; compromises integrity of end-to-end modeling process

Future Activity:1. Research and development of an

automated testing framework for model transformations; permit unit and regression testing in presence of changes to models/xforms

2. An Executor takes the source model and a series of transformation specifications to produce an intermediate output model

3. A Comparator analyzes the differences between the Output model and the Expected model (i.e., what the transformation is expected to produce)

4. A test report documents any differences between the Output and Expected models

21

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Technology Transition/Transfer (1/4)

• US Navy, DD(X), & DARPA IXO ARMS programs

• US Army in collaboration with LMCO (Eagan & Dallas) & KSU on HIMARS/MLRS

• Joint forces with JTRS SCA in collaboration with BAE Systems

CIAO QoS-enabled component middleware & CoSMIC deployment & configuration tools are being transitioned to the following DoD programs

Other recent interesting ACE+TAO transitions include

• USS Ronald Reagan aircraft carrier advanced tactical displays system

• NASA free flight experiments

22

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

• ACE 5.4.2, TAO 1.4.2 (July 2004)

Technology Transition/Transfer (2/4)

http://www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/CIAOhttp://www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/cosmic

• Beta and Stable release can be accessed from http://www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/Download.html

http://www.gray-area.org/Research/C-SAW/Contains papers, downloads, video demos

• CIAO 0.4.2 release (July 2004) & CoSMIC models (July 2004)

C-SAW Aspect Model Weaver

ACE+TAO+CIAO & CoSMIC Software Releases

23

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Technology Transition/Transfer (3/4)

• Publications since Dec 03 PI meeting:• Elsevier Journal of Computer Science & Programming, Special issue on

Model Driven Architecture (To be published)

• ACM Queue Magazine July 2004

• Generative Programming & Component Engineering (GPCE 2004), October 2004 (3 papers)

• Enterprise Distributed Object Computing (EDOC) October 2004

• IEEE Real-time Applications Symposium (RTAS), May 2004

• ACM Southeast Conference, Apr 2004 (7 papers)

• Several OMG RTWS workshop papers, July 2004

• Remote Analysis & Monitoring of Software Systems (RAMSS) workshop at ICSE (May 2004)

• IEEE Transactions on Control Systems, March 2004

• Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD 2004), March 2004

• Book Chapter in Addison-Wesley AOSD book, Fall 2004

24

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Technology Transition/Transfer (4/4)

• Workshop/Conference chair/organizing and/or program committee• Program Chair 4th TAO workshop, July 2004

• Program Committee RTAS 04, Middleware 04, EDOC 04, RTSS 04, HICSS 04

• Guest Editor, Elsevier Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, June 2004

• Program Chair HICSS, Adaptive-Evolvable Software Systems, January 2004

• Tutorials Chair for GPCE 04

• Program Committees ACMSE 04, ACP4IS-AOSD 04, SAC 04, ECBS 04, RTAS-MODES 04, UML 04

• Panelist at the workshop on Aspects, Components, and Patterns for Infrastructure Software (ACP4IS) at AOSD, March 2004

25

PCES

06/04

Gokhale

Backup