IR P 18 : F ir e a n d E x p l o s io n H a z a r d M a n ... · • Provides discussion of the Fire Triangle & Critical Risk ... hydrocarbon liquids ... • High pressures and temperatures

IRP 18 Development Committee

IRP 18:Fire and Explosion Hazard Management

DRAFT June 10, 2006

IRP 18 Rationale

• A “one size fits all” solution does not exist.

• Site-specific strategies are needed.

• Improved training and awareness are required.

• Today’s science cannot conclusively predict what is safe and what is unsafe.

Key Definitions

• Fire Triangle:Theorem from fire fighting that states that for fires and explosions to propagate, they must have access to a fuel, an oxygen source, and sufficient energy.

• FEHM: Fire and Explosion Hazard ManagementActions, procedures, and policies used by organizations and individuals to prevent the occurrence of and/or limit the exposure to unplanned fires and explosions.

How Does IRP 18 Serve Industry?

• Provides a framework for the implementation of FEHM plans and procedures required to satisfy EUB Directive 033.

• Provides discussion of the Fire Triangle & Critical Risk Factors to improve office and field hazard assessments.

• Outlines the roles and responsibilities for workers and organizations in managing F&E hazards.

• Stipulates training guidelines to help protect all Industry workers from F&E hazards.

ImplementFire & ExplosionPrevention Plans

PrepareWritten Fire & Explosion Plans

Assess Fire & Explosion Hazards

Manage Fire & Explosion Risks

What Does IRP 18 Require of Industry?

•Assign responsibilities to individuals and corporations.

•Provide Training

•Develop plan, identify scope and regulations.

•Evaluate risk and develop appropriate FEHM process.

•Communicate plan.

•Implement plan;apply training.

•Monitor controls.

•Recognize and respond to change.

•Report and investigate close calls and incidents.

•Select controls.

•ID factors that impact control decisions.

•Prepare a written fire & explosion prevention plan.

•Review and confirm plan w/ Operations.

•ID hazardous operations in design phase; develop written plans as needed.

•Conduct ‘field’ assessment using fire triangle and critical risk factors.

•Complete formal risk assessment if needed.

Expanded Fire Triangle

Fuels & Hydrocarbons

•Planned introduction of air, inadvertent introduction of oxygen, release of hydrocarbons into air, weathered fluids, oxidizers

Oxygen & AirEnergy & Ignition•Heat, electricity, static,

friction, chemical reactions, spontaneous combustion, dieseling, pyrophors, sudden decompression, catalytic reactions

•Heavy and light gases, hydrocarbon liquids and vapours, chemicals / lubricants/solvents, frac oils, flammable materials

8 Critical Risk Factors

• Liquid hydrocarbons, flammable liquids,lower the energy required for ignition.

• H2S lowers the LEL and creates pyrophoric iron sulphides.

• Oil-based workover fluids can absorb oxygen.

• Mixing chemicals can have unforeseen impacts.

• High pressures and temperatures can cause auto-ignition.

• Rapid pressure or temperature changes can trigger explosive events.

• Flowing explosive mixtures into closed systems brings the ingredients together and allows pressure to rise quickly.

• Pre-existing trapped air can complicate safe operations.

Controls

• Fuel controls: purging, proper containment, and alternative fluid selection.

• Oxygen controls: isolation equipment, warning systems, proper storage of chemicals, knowledge of LEL

• Energy controls: reduction of voltage, pressure, temperature, agitation; use of water mists

• It is more difficult to control energy sources than it is to control fuel/oxygen sources.

Risk Assessment• Confident that all potential air OR fuel sources eliminated.

Operations are well understood. Staff are trained per IRP 18 and are experienced. Significant history of safe operations exists under nearly identical circumstances.

• Fire triangle may exist; confident that critical risk factors don’t. Operations are well understood.Staff are trained and experienced.

• Fire triangle may exist. One or more risk factors may be present. Well conditions/operations not well understood. New or poorly understood operations/technologies.History of incidents under similar circumstances.

Improbable

Possible

Probable

Procedures Required• Incorporation of FEHM content in current safety procedures,

including pre-job safety meetings and hazard assessments.Work-site and equipment inspections.Worker qualification reviews.Alertness for barriers/controls failure.

• Those above, plus:Reusable FEHM-specific hazard assessments.Alertness for changing conditions/ingredients.MSDS/TDG document review.Safe work permits.

• Those above, plus: Detailed, site-specific FEHM plans prepared prior to operations.Documented risk assessment completed.Documentation available to all at the work-site.

Improbable

Possible

Probable

F&E Prevention Plans

• Focus on operations that require special attention:๏ Oxygen sources are purposely added to a system, particularly where

high pressure or flammable fluids/hydrocarbon liquids are present.๏ Oxygen could inadvertently enter a closed system.๏ Ignition sources are introduced into hazardous areas.

• Plans must:๏ Describe the work to be conducted.๏ List fuel, oxygen, and energy sources that may be in the system.๏ List required controls based on the components identified.๏ Confirm that workers are trained on relevant hazards, site-specific prevention

plans, and emergency procedures.

Preventive Controls

•Equipment design and barriers, training,plans/procedures

Protective Controls

•Alarms & detection, emergency equipment/procedures

What can go wrong?

•Fuel source•Oxygen source•Ignition source

What are you doing?

•Incident experience•Planned Operations•Equipment

Stage 5:MonitorEffectiveness & Revise

Stage 4:Develop &ImplementPrev. Plan

Stage 3:Evaluate & Choose Controls

Stage 2:ID Need forSite-SpecificPrev. Plan

Stage 1:Assess F&EHazards

FEHM Process Stages

Corporate Roles

• Raise awareness of this IRP.

• Train personnel in FEHM to IRP 18 requirements.

• Establish and implement a FEHM process.

• Assess competency and ensure compliance.

• Support those who ID unsafe work.

Supervisor Roles

• Complete Fire & Explosion Training; ensure co-workers have done the same.

• Implement Hazard ID and controls.

• Challenge those not working safely.

• Encourage reporting of unsafe work.

Worker Roles

• Complete Fire & Explosion Training.

• Carry out Fire & Explosion Prevention Plans, Procedures, and Controls.

• Report Fire & Explosion Hazards.

• Assist inexperienced co-workers.

• Challenge those not working safely.

• Report unsafe work.

Training Requirements

• Basic-level training: (workers)๏ Expanded Fire Triangle and Critical Risk Factors๏ Controls๏ Communications

• Advanced: (designers, supervisors and management)๏ Additional detail on fuels, oxygen sources, energy sources๏ F&E Prevention Plan Development๏ Management of Change

• Corporations may train staff internally, via ENFORM, or with the assistance of knowledgeable third-parties

IRP 18 Development CommitteeJune 7, 2006

IRP 18:Fire and Explosion Hazard Management