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IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter
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IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Jan 02, 2016

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Page 1: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter

Page 2: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.2. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.

• Demo: Will an inflated balloon weigh more, less, or the same as the same balloon deflated? Obtain mass of balloon, inflate and obtain mass.

Page 3: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

For Example:

• Your book, your desk, your lunch, the air that you breathe and the water you drink are all made of matter.

Page 4: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Classifying Matter

Page 5: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Pure Substances Pure Substances - only one type of

matter that has the same properties and a fixed composition. ex. gold, water, sugar

Pure substances are either elements or compounds.

Page 6: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Elementsa) Elements - made of

only one kind of atom. An Atom is the smallest part of an element.

Elements are found on the periodic table. ex. hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and carbon (C)

Page 7: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Compoundsb) Compound - made from

more than one kind of atom.

ex. water - H2O

sucrose (sugar) - C6H12O6

A Molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that retains its properties.

Page 8: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Mixtures Mixtures - a blend of 2 or more

kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.

Page 9: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Homogeneous Mixturealso known as a SOLUTIONa) Homogeneous mixture

(solution) – uniform (same) throughout in composition.

ex. air (a mixture of gases); brass (mixture of Cu & Zn); soda (CO2 in H2O); steel (Fe

& C)

Page 10: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Heterogeneous Mixture

b) Heterogeneous mixture - not uniform (different) throughout in composition.

ex. sand in water; tea with ice cubes, oil in water, chicken noodle soup

Page 11: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Separation of MixturesMixtures can be separated by physical

means. (See Fig 1-9)a) Filtrationb) Centrifugec) Chromatographyd) Distillatione) Crystallization

Compounds cannot be separated by physical means

Page 12: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Type of Matter

Page 13: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Classify MatterElement, Compound, Homogenous mixture, or

Heterogeneous mixture

Boric Acid Solution

Oxygen gas

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Steel (Carbon & iron)

Casserole

Homogeneous mixture

Element

Compound

Homogeneous mixture

Heterogeneous mixture

Page 14: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

States of MatterPhase Shape Volume Fluidity

Solid Definite Definite Fixed position

Liquid Indefinite Definite Fluid

Gas Indefinite Indefinite Fluid

Page 15: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Solids• Definite shape.

• Definite volume.

• Vibrate about fixed positions.

• Not fluid.

Page 16: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Liquids• Indefinite shape.

• Definite volume.

• Vibration increases.

• Fluid.

Page 17: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Gases• Indefinite shape.

• Indefinite volume.

• Vibration increases.

• Fluid.

Page 18: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Plasma• Plasma is simply a gas,

containing charged particles such as electrons and ions.

• It is the most common state of matter in the universe.

Page 19: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Video: Four States of Matter

Page 20: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Changes of State

Page 21: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Temperature influences changes of state.

Solid LiquidMelting

Freezing

Liquid GasEvaporation

Condensation

Solid GasSublimation

Deposition

Page 22: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Liquid

Solid

Gas

S & L

L & G

Page 23: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

SOLID LIQUID

GAS

S & LL & G

S & G

Page 24: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

High-altitude Cooking• Did you know that the freezing and boiling

points of a substance change as the air pressure changes? At a lower air pressure, water will boil at a lower temperature. This is why cake mixes often have high-altitude directions. The lower air pressure at high altitudes allows the water in the mix to begin to turn to gas at a lower temperature. To prevent the cake from drying out, extra water is added to the mix and the oven is set to a lower temperature.

Page 25: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Properties of Solids• Hardness

• Elasticity

• Brittleness

• Malleability

• Tensile Strength

• Density

Page 26: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Hardness - measures a solid’s resistance to scratching.

Diamond is the hardest

Page 27: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Elasticity – measure of a solid’s ability to be stretched and return to its original size.

• This property also gives objects the ability to bounce.

• Which would you rather play basketball with?

Page 28: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Brittleness – measures a material’s tendency to shatter upon impact.

Page 29: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Malleability – measures a solid’s ability to be pounded into thin sheets.

• Example: Aluminum Foil

Page 30: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Tensile Strength – a measure of how much pulling, or tension, a material can

withstand before breaking.

Page 31: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Densityis the

amount of matter per unit volume.

m

D V

Page 32: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Which is heavier?

A) a pound of feathers

B) a pound of bricks

One pound = one pound

Page 33: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Which would take up more space?

A) a pound of feathers

B) a pound of bricks

Feathers

Page 34: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

The density of a homogenous material will stay the same no matter how large or how small. For example, a steel paper clip and a steel bicycle.

Page 35: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Units for DensityMetric Units:

Solid: g/cm3

Liquid: g/ml

Density of water is 1g/cm3 at 4º C

Page 36: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Which one floats?• Density of Water 1.00 g/mL

• Density of Ice 0.92 g/mL

Page 37: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Specific Gravity

Specific gravity is the density of a substance (g/cm3) divided by the density of water (1.0 g/cm3); therefore, units will cancel out.

There are no units!

Specific Gravity =

Density of Substance

Density of Water

Page 38: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Which of the following will float on water?

Page 39: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Calculating Density• Obtain mass using a balance.

• Obtain volume by any of these methods.– Volume = length x width x height– Graduated cylinder– Water displacement

Page 40: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

1) Is the bar really gold or fool’s gold?Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3

Find the density of the bar.• Mass = 1891.4 g

• Dimensions: 3.5 cm by 3.5 cm by 8.0 cm

Mass/Volume

1891.4 g / 98 cm3

= 19.3 g/cm3 Yes it’s gold!

Page 41: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

• Mass = 16.98 g

• Volume of graduated cylinder: ?

Mass/Volume

16.98 g / 21.5 mL

= 0.79 g/mL It is alcohol!

2) Is this liquid water, alcohol, or kerosene? Find the density of the liquid? Water 1.0 g/mLAlcohol 0.79 g/mLKerosene 0.82 g/mL

Page 42: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

3) Is this ball made of platinum, silver, or tin? Find the density of the ball. Platinum 21.5 g/cm3

Silver 10.5 g/cm3

Tin 7.3 g/cm3

• Mass = 262.5 g

• Water displaced: ?

Mass/Volume

262.5 g / 25 cm3

= 10.5 g/cm3 It is Silver!

Page 43: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

4) What is the volume in mL of this syrup if it has a density of 0.63 g/mL and a mass of 78 g?

D

m

V

V = m/D= 78g ÷ 0.63 g/mL= 123.8 mL

Page 44: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

5) What is the mass in grams of this lead pipe if it has a density of 11.4 g/cm3 and a volume of 55 cc?

D

m

V

m = D x v= 11.4 g/cm3 x 55 cc= 627 g

Page 45: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

The upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid is called “buoyant force”.

Click on picture for demo.

Buoyancy

Page 46: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Draw a vector to show the buoyant force and the weight.

Weight

Buoyant Force

Page 47: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

What is Archimedes’ Principle?

• The buoyant force exerted on an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

• Rock weighs 2.25 N• In water, the rock

weighs 1.8 N• The water displaced by

the rock weighs 0.45 N.

Page 48: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Do all fluids exert the same buoyant force on an object?

MercuryWhich liquid exerts a greater buoyant force?

0.45 N 0.53 N

NO

Page 49: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Archimedes’ Principle Demo

How Submarines Work

Click Here for Demo

Page 50: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Why does a block of steel sink, but a steel boat float?

Video: The Titanic Floats then Sinks

Page 51: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Sinks• If the weight of the

object is greater than the buoyant force, the object will sink.

• If the object has a greater density than the fluid, the object will sink.

Page 52: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Floats• If the weight of the

object is less than the buoyant force, the object will float.

• If the object has a lower density than the fluid, the object will float.

Page 53: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Why do hot air balloons float?

• A balloon will float when the weight of the balloon is less than the weight of the volume of air displaced.

• Air in the balloon is heated to make it less dense than the surrounding air.

Page 54: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Charles’ Law• The volume of

a gas increases with increasing temperature.

• The volume of a gas decreases with decreasing temperature.

Page 55: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Pressure – the force acting on a unit area of surface.

• As you pump air into a tire, the forces of all of the air particles add together to create pressure.

• Bike tire should be inflated to 60 psi (pounds per square inch)

Page 56: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Boyle’s Law• As the pressure

of a gas increases, its volume decreases.

• As the pressure of a gas decreases, its volume increases.

Page 57: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

The beach ball and the basketball each contain the same amount of air.

• Which has the greater amount of pressure and why?

The basketball has greater pressure than the beach ball because it has less volume causing the air particles to have less space.

Page 58: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

Viscosity – is the resistance to flow.

• Which flows slower?

• Molasses or Water?

Page 59: IPC Unit 2: Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. 1. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter. 2. Volume is the amount of.

How does temperature effect viscosity?

• As a liquid gets warmer, its viscosity decreases.

• Ex: cold honey vs. warm honey

• As a gas gets warmer, its viscosity increases.

• Because increasing temp increases the number of collisions thus, increasing friction.

Video Clip on Gas Viscosity