Matter. 1. Matter-Anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Mass is the measure of the amount of matter an object contains. A balance measures mass.
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Slide 1
Matter
Slide 2
1. Matter-Anything that takes up space and has mass. 2. Mass is
the measure of the amount of matter an object contains. A balance
measures mass Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on the
matter in an object; *spring scales measure weight (pull of
gravity) **Weight can change but mass does not 3. Volume-how much
space an object occupies Regular objects (definite shapes): V=lwh
*a box, table, ice cube, etc. Irregular shapes: displacement of
water *beans in a graduated cykinder
Slide 3
1. Atoms are extremely small. it would take a stack of about
50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum
foil from your kitchen. if you could enlarge a penny until it was
as wide as the US, each of its atoms would be only about 3 cm in
diameter about the size of a ping-pong ball a human hair is about 1
million carbon atoms wide. a typical human cell contains roughly 1
trillion atoms. a speck of dust might contain 3x10 12 (3 trillion)
atoms. it would take you around 500 years to count the number of
atoms in a grain of salt. www.deckersfoods.com C-C-C-C-C- + 999,995
more 1 trillion atoms . Is made of approximately 3 trillion atoms
Just one of these grains
Slide 4
2. Molecule-2 or more atoms combined This can be the same kind
of atoms or different atoms. ozone water 3. Atoms and molecules are
always in motion
Slide 5
1.Particle arrangement and energy determines the state
a.Solid-have a definite volume and definite shape; molecules
vibrate in place-low kinetic energy b.Liquid-No definite shape but
definite volume; molecules move slowly (kinetic energy increases)
c.Gas-no definite shape or volume; move very fast with high kinetic
energy
Slide 6
Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are
from
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/
Slide 7
What states of matter are represented in the photograph?
Slide 8
Kinetic energy increases as heat is added YOU MAY WANT TO DRAW
THIS
Slide 9
Makes up 99% of the visible universe The most common form of
matter A charged gas full of energy Plasma can be found in the Sun
and Stars and Lightning d. Plasma-a special state
Slide 10
a. Changing states requires a change in pressure or temperature
b. Processes of change 1. gas to liquid 2. liquid to solid 3. solid
to liquid 4. Liquid to gas condensation freezing melting
evaporation, boiling
Slide 11
Materials differ in terms of the kind of matter they contain.
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a
substance. Substances can be identified as either an element,
compound, or a mixture.
Slide 12
A pure substance that cannot be broken down any further contain
just one type of atom Atoms are the smallest part of an element Can
exist as a single atom or a molecule (2 atoms joined)
Symbol-represents an element Examples might be Oxygen (O), Nitrogen
(N), Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H). These 4 are necessary to all
life
Slide 13
contains two or more different atoms joined together. This is a
molecule and it is the smallest part of a compound a chemical
reaction is needed to separate elements in a compound. Examples
would be water, salt, sugar Represented by formulas: H 2 O, NaCl, C
6 H 12 O 6
Slide 14
3. mixture 1. A mixture contains two or more different
substances that are only be physically joined together, not
chemically. A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
There are two kinds of mixtures. Homogenous a. Homogenous -equal
parts; evenly mixed solutions like saltwater or koolaid.
Homogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on
weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad dressing
b. Homogeneous -uneven mix of parts. Many settle out depending on
weight. Examples might include milk, muddy water and salad
dressing
Slide 15
E. Properties of Matter 1. Properties used to describe matter
can be classified as: a. Extensive depends on the amount of matter
in the sample - Mass, volume, calories are examples b. Intensive
depends on the type of matter, not the amount present - Hardness,
Density, Boiling Point
Slide 16
2. Types of properties are a. Physical Properties- a property
that can be observed and measured without changing the materials
composition (identity). -Examples- color, hardness, melting point,
boiling point, texture, odor, size b. Chemical Properties- a
property that can only be observed by changing the composition
(identity) of the material. -Examples- ability to burn, decompose,
ferment, react with oxygen, etc.
Slide 17
. 1. Physical change- A type of change that alters a material
without changing its chemical composition. Boil, melt, cut, bend,
split, crack Is boiled water still water? Is a cut piece of wood
still wood? Can be reversible, or irreversible
Slide 18
2. Chemical change - a change where a new substance is formed
that is different than the original Examples: Burning, corroding,
decomposing Evidence of a chemical change include Energy (light,
heat or both) is absorbed or released Endothermic-heat is absorbed
cooling temperatures Exothermic-heat is released raising
temperatures and often giving off light Color changes Gas
production (bubbling, fizzing, or odor change; smoke)