2 nd nd SINO SINO-BRITISH Workshop BRITISH Workshop Investigation and Application of Investigation and Application of Redox Redox Flow Flow B tt f E St B tt f E St Battery for Energy Storage Battery for Energy Storage Huamin Huamin Zhang Zhang Chief Scientist of RFB Program of China Chief Scientist of RFB Program of China Prof. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP CAS) Prof. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP CAS) CTO. Dalian CTO. Dalian Rongke Rongke Power Co., Ltd. Power Co., Ltd.
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22ndnd SINOSINO--BRITISH WorkshopBRITISH Workshop
Investigation and Application of Investigation and Application of RedoxRedox Flow Flow B tt f E StB tt f E StBattery for Energy StorageBattery for Energy Storage
HuaminHuamin ZhangZhangChief Scientist of RFB Program of ChinaChief Scientist of RFB Program of China
Prof. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP CAS)Prof. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP CAS)CTO. Dalian CTO. Dalian RongkeRongke Power Co., Ltd.Power Co., Ltd.
ContentsContents
Challenges for VRB CommercializationChallenges for VRB Commercializationgg
Progress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key Materials
A PVA PV VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom StationA PVA PV--VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom Station
L S l VRB S t I t tiL S l VRB S t I t tiLarge Scale VRB System IntegrationLarge Scale VRB System Integration
About My GroupAbout My GroupHuamin ZhangHuamin ZhangProf.: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), y ( ),
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Vice President and CTO: Dalian Rongke Power Co., Ltd.Vice President and CTO: Dalian Rongke Power Co., Ltd.
National Chief Scientist of RFB ProgramNational Chief Scientist of RFB Program
Research fieldResearch fields in my group in DICPs in my group in DICPy g py g pRedox Flow Battery Redox Flow Battery
Durability and Reliability TestDurability and Reliability Test(From Jul. 2007)(From Jul. 2007)
U tU t t dt d lif ti t t f 2 kW VRB t hlif ti t t f 2 kW VRB t hUp toUp to taday., taday., lifetime test of a 2 kW VRB system has lifetime test of a 2 kW VRB system has
been carried out over been carried out over 14191419 days (over days (over 34060 hours34060 hours, , 9933 9933
Challenges of VRB for CommercializationChallenges of VRB for Commercialization
poor electrolyte stability and less solubility leadpoor electrolyte stability and less solubility leadto lower energy densityto lower energy densityLow selectivity to the vanadium ions for Low selectivity to the vanadium ions for ion exchange ion exchange yy ggmembranemembrane lead to the Unbalance of vanadium ions lead to the Unbalance of vanadium ions and water and the capacity degradation after longand water and the capacity degradation after longand water , and the capacity degradation after long and water , and the capacity degradation after long operation timeoperation timeLow rated operation current density lead to highLow rated operation current density lead to highmaterial costmaterial costHigh cost of the ion exchange membraneHigh cost of the ion exchange membrane
Limited the RFB practicability seriouslyLimited the RFB practicability seriously
ContentsContents
Challenges for VRB CommercializationChallenges for VRB Commercializationgg
Progress onProgress on VRBVRB Key MaterialsKey MaterialsProgress on Progress on VRBVRB Key MaterialsKey Materials
A PVA PV VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom StationA PVA PV--VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom Station
L S l VRB S t I t tiL S l VRB S t I t tiLarge Scale VRB System IntegrationLarge Scale VRB System Integration
Ion exchange membrane for VRBIon exchange membrane for VRBIon exchange membrane for VRBIon exchange membrane for VRBIon exchange membrane is employed to transport protonIon exchange membrane is employed to transport proton
and prevent cross mixing of positive and negative electrolytes.and prevent cross mixing of positive and negative electrolytes.
The ideal membrane for VRB applicationThe ideal membrane for VRB applicationlow permeability of vanadium ionslow permeability of vanadium ions
A Nanofiltration (NF) MembranesA Nanofiltration (NF) MembranesOur Research focused on:
A Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes A Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes
A A Non-Fluoride Membrane
Nanofiltration (NF) Membranes for VRBNanofiltration (NF) Membranes for VRB
PrinciplesPrinciplesthe stokes radius of vanadium ionsthe stokes radius of vanadium ionsthe stokes radius of vanadium ions the stokes radius of vanadium ions is much larger than that of His much larger than that of H++
the charge density of vanadium ions the charge density of vanadium ions g yg y(V(IV),V(II), V(III)) is much higher than (V(IV),V(II), V(III)) is much higher than protonsprotons
NF membrane fabricationNF membrane fabricationNF membrane prepared by phase NF membrane prepared by phase
inversion methodinversion method
Pore size distribution of membranes Pore size distribution of membranes
can be controlledcan be controlled
Cost is much lower than NafionCost is much lower than Nafion
DICP NonDICP Non--fluoride Membranes for VRBfluoride Membranes for VRBLifetime Test of NonLifetime Test of Non--Fluoride MembranesFluoride Membranes
DICP NonDICP Non fluoride Membranes for VRBfluoride Membranes for VRB
Performance of single cell with DICP Non-fluoride membrane( d 80 A/ 2)
The performance kept stable after running more The performance kept stable after running more than 12 months The battery has finished morethan 12 months The battery has finished more
(under 80 mA/cm2)
than 12 months. The battery has finished more than 12 months. The battery has finished more than 10000 cycles.than 10000 cycles.
Lifetime Test of NonLifetime Test of Non--Fluoride MembranesFluoride Membranes
500W battery module with DICP Non-fluoride membrane (under 80 mA/cm2)
YieldYield 10,000 m10,000 m22/year/yearCarbon/plastic plates showed similar properties with commercial graphiteCarbon/plastic plates showed similar properties with commercial graphite
plates, while the cost almost the 1/10 of the graphite plates. It has been used in stacks for demonstration widely.
Latest Progress on Key Materials and Latest Progress on Key Materials and i Mi MComponents of VRBComponents of VRB in My groupin My group
SealingSealingElectric Control Electric Control
ComponentsComponents
VRB VRB SystemSystem
gg
SystemSystemBipolar Bipolar PlatePlate
ElectrodeElectrode
ElectrolyteElectrolyteIon Exchange Ion Exchange ElectrolyteElectrolyteggMembraneMembrane
StackStackModuleModule
ContentsContents
Challenges for VRB CommercializationChallenges for VRB Commercializationgg
Progress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key Materials
A PVA PV VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom StationA PVA PV--VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom Station
L S l VRB S t I t tiL S l VRB S t I t tiLarge Scale VRB System IntegrationLarge Scale VRB System Integration
Circuit Diagram for an offCircuit Diagram for an off--grid PVgrid PV--VRB VRB S t FS t F t l t tit l t tiSystem For System For telecom stationtelecom station
Telecom Telecom Station LoadStation Load
PV PanelsPV Panels PV ControllerPV ControllerDistributionDistributionDistribution Distribution CabinetCabinet
from Gridfrom Grid(Diesel Generator Simulation)(Diesel Generator Simulation) VRB SystemVRB System
2.4 kW / 54 kWh2.4 kW / 54 kWh
Back up 72hBack up 72h
LoadLoad 500 W500 WVoltage ClassVoltage Class 48V DC48V DC
VRB System DesignVRB System Designy gy g
Bipolar plate, electrode,Bipolar plate, electrode,Bipolar plate, electrode, Bipolar plate, electrode, membrane and electrolyte membrane and electrolyte are all homeare all home--made.made.Monitor and ProtectionMonitor and ProtectionMonitor and Protection Monitor and Protection FunctionsFunctionsThermal management Thermal management
Power/CapacityPower/Capacity 2.4kW/54kWh2.4kW/54kWhVoltage classVoltage class 48V DC48V DC
B tt St k M d lB tt St k M d l 1 2kW 2 i i1 2kW 2 i iBattery Stack ModulesBattery Stack Modules 1.2kW, 2 in series 1.2kW, 2 in series Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency up to 75% (DCup to 75% (DC--DC)DC)
VRB, helping to get a VRB, helping to get a higher SOC. higher SOC.
SOC decreaseSOC decreaseThis PVThis PV--VRB system is suitable for 500W load,VRB system is suitable for 500W load,which certify the original design.which certify the original design.
Temperature Management SystemTemperature Management System
The temperature inside the VRB cabinet and the electrolyte The temperature inside the VRB cabinet and the electrolyte increase stably with the increase of environment temp.increase stably with the increase of environment temp.increase stably with the increase of environment temp.increase stably with the increase of environment temp.Inside temp. is 15~20Inside temp. is 15~20ooC higher than the environment temp. due C higher than the environment temp. due to the using of insulating materials. to the using of insulating materials. When the temp. inside is higher than 40When the temp. inside is higher than 40ooC, the heat emitter will C, the heat emitter will work.work.
ContentsContents
Challenges for VRB CommercializationChallenges for VRB Commercializationgg
Progress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key MaterialsProgress on Key Materials
A PVA PV VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom StationA PVA PV--VRB System for Telecom StationVRB System for Telecom Station
L S l VRB S t I t tiL S l VRB S t I t tiLarge Scale VRB System IntegrationLarge Scale VRB System Integration
A VRB System for Smart Grid A VRB System for Smart Grid yy
Technical specificationTechnical specification VRBVRB--ESSESSPower/CapacityPower/Capacity 80kW/160kWh80kW/160kWhVoltage ClassVoltage Class 220V DC220V DC
System Efficiency (DCSystem Efficiency (DC--DC)DC) Large then 70%Large then 70%Operation ConditionOperation Condition --20 ~ 4020 ~ 40ooCC
Size (L Size (L ×× W W ××H)H) 6.56.5××2.62.6××2.8 (m)2.8 (m)
R&D of 520kW/1MWh VRB for MW Class SystemR&D of 520kW/1MWh VRB for MW Class Systemyy
2011
5MW VRB for 30 50MW wind farm5MW VRB for 30-50MW wind farm
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsc o edg e tsc o edg e tsNational Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)
of of Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Grant No.Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Grant No.