Introduction to Material Science --Ch1

8/9/2019 Introduction to Material Science --Ch1

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Engr 2110 Introduction toMaterial Science (for

Engineers)Dr. Richard R. Lindeke, Ph.D.

B Met. Eng. University of Minnesota,1970 Master s !t"dies, Met Eng. #o$orado

!choo$ of Mines, 197%&79 'E$ectro&!$ag(e$ding of )eavy !ection *+ #r 1 Mo!tee$s Ph.D., -nd. Eng. Penn !tate University,

19%7 ' o"ndry Engineering / # $$oy


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!y$$a4"s and (e4site5Revie6 the !y$$a4"s

ttendance is yo"r job / co3e to c$assina$ is #o33on 8i3e Monday or 8"esday

r o"r reg"$ar$y sched"$ed ti3e '8"esday May 1* %&10M

Po2 :"i;;es and ho3e6ork


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Materia$s !cience and

Engineering-t a$$ a4o"t the ra6 3ateria$s andho6 they are 2rocessed

8hat is 6hy 6e ca$$ it 3ateria$sENGINEERING

Minor diferences in Ra6 3ateria$s

or 2rocessing 2ara3eters can 3ean

major changes in the per ormance of the Cna$ 3ateria$or 2rod"ct


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Looking t # -ron $$oy

Deve$o23ent 'Processing 5


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Deve$o23ent 'Processing 5


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# !tr"ct"re / 4"t 6ith

great careood !tr"ct"reF!- G!> F!-

U8!

Poor H8ooLitt$eI

Poor H8ooM"chI


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Deve$o23ent '!tr"ct"res


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Deve$o23ent 'Res"$ts


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Our Text:Material Science and EngineeringAn Introduction

4y (i$$ia3 D. #a$$ister, Jr

Se ent! Edition" #o!n $ile% & Sons" Inc'


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Materials Science and

EngineeringMaterials Science

8he disci2$ine of investigating the re$ationshi2s thateKist 4et6een the str"ct"res and 2ro2erties of 3ateria$s.

Materials Engineering 8he disci2$ine of designing or engineering the str"ct"reof a 3ateria$ to 2rod"ce a 2redeter3ined set of2ro2erties 4ased on esta4$ished str"ct"re&2ro2ertycorre$ation.

our Major o*+onents of Material Science

and Engineering:Structure of Materials,ro+erties of Materials,rocessing of Materials,erfor*ance of Materials


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nd Re3e34er5 Materia$s

HDriveI o"r !ocietyges of HManI 6e s"rvive 4ased on the 3ateria$s 6e contro$

!tone ge / nat"ra$$y occ"rring 3ateria$s!2ecia$ rocks, skins, 6ood

Bron;e ge

#asting and forging-ron ge)igh 8e32erat"re f"rnaces

!tee$ ge)igh !trength $$oys

Aon& erro"s and Po$y3er ge$"3in"3, 8itani"3 and Aicke$ 's"2era$$oys / aeros2ace

!i$icon / -nfor3ationP$astics and #o32osites / food 2reservation, ho"sing, aeros2ace andhigher s2eeds

EKotic Materia$s geAano&Materia$ and 4io&Materia$s / they are co3ing and then


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nd or3"$a ne / the

f"t"re of a"to3otive is htt25


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EKa32$e of Materia$sEngineering (ork / )i2-32$ant

$it! age or certain illnesses jointsdeteriorate' ,articularl% t!ose -it! largeloads (suc! as !i+)'

Adapted from Fig. 22.25, Callister 7e.


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EKa32$e / )i2 -32$ant.e/uire*ents

*ec!anical

strengt! (*an%c%cles)good lubricit%bioco*+atibilit%

da2ted fro3 ig. **.* , Callister7e.


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EKa32$e / )i2 -32$ant

da2ted fro3 ig. **.* , Callister7e.


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!o$"tion / )i2 -32$antFey Pro4$e3s tooverco3e5

xation agent to !oldacetabular cu+cu+ lubrication*aterialfe*oral ste* xingagent ( glue3)*ust a oid an% debrisin cu+Must !old u+ in bod%c!e*istr%Must be strong %et4exible

Acetabular Cup and

Liner

Ba$$

e3ora$!te3


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-ntrod"ction5ist t!e Major T%+es ofMATE.IA5S T!at 6ou 7no-:

META5S E.AMI S ,O56ME.S

OM,OSITES A89A E8 MATE.IA5S


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-ntrod"ction, cont.Meta$s

!tee$, #ast -ron,$"3in"3,#o22er, 8itani"3,3any others

#era3ics$ass, #oncrete,Brick, $"3ina,irconia, !iA, !i#

Po$y3ersP$astics, (ood,#otton 'rayon,ny$on , Hg$"eI

#o32osites$ass i4er&reinforced 2o$y3ers,

#ar4on i4er&reinforced 2o$y3ers,Meta$ MatriK#o32osites, etc.


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8ho"ghts a4o"t theseHf"nda3enta$I Materia$s

Metals : Strong" ductile!ig! t!er*al & electrical conducti it%o+a/ue" re4ecti e'

,ol%*ers;+lastics : o alent bonding s!aring of erittle" glass%" elasticnon=conducting (insulators)


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8he Materia$s !e$ectionProcess

1. Pick Application Determine required Properties

2. Properties dentif! candidate "aterial#s$

%. "aterial dentif! required ProcessingProcessing& c'anges structure and o(erall shapee)& casting, sintering, (apor deposition, doping forming, *oining, annealing.

Properties& mec'anical, electrical, t'ermal,

magnetic, optical, deteriorati(e.

"aterial& structure, composition.


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B"t5Pro2erties de2end on !tr"ct"re

'strength or hardness

+ a r

d n e s s

# + - $

Cooling ate #/C0s$

1

2

%

5

3

. 1 .1 1 1 1 1

#d$

% m#c$

m

#b$

% m

#a$

% m

nd Processing can change str"ct"re'see a4ove str"ct"re vs #oo$ingRate


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nother EKa32$e5 Ro$$ing of!tee$

At ! 1 " 5 1lo- ?TSlo- 6S!ig! ductilit%round grains

At h 2 , L 2!ig! ?TS!ig! 6Slo- ductilit%elongated grains

!tr"ct"re deter3ines Pro2erties 4"t Processing deter3ines !tr"ct"re


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2tica$ Pro2erties of #era3ic arecontro$$ed 4y H rain !tr"ct"reI

rain !tr"ct"re is a f"nction

of H!o$idiCcationI2rocessing


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E$ectrica$ Pro2erties 'of

#o22er 5

Adapted from Fig. 14.4, Callister 7e.#Fig. 14.4 adapted from& .6. Linde,

Ann Physik 5 , 217 #17%2$8 andC.A. 9ert and .". :'omson,Physics of Solids , 2nd edition,

"c;raork,17? .$

T #@C$

=2 =1

C u A %. %

2 a t B - i

C u A 2 . 1 3 a t B

- i

d e f o r m e

d C u A 1 . 1 2 a

t B - i

1

2

%

5

3

. e s

i s t i ( i t !

,

# 1 = 4

6 ' m = m

$

C u A 1 . 1 2

a t B - i

P u r e D

C u

E$ectrica$ Resistivity of

#o22er is aQected 4y5 #onta3inate $eve$

Degree of defor3ation

2erating te32erat"re


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8)ERM L Pro2ertiesE pace 'uttle :iles& == ilica fiber insulation

offers lo< 'eat conduction .

E :'ermal Conducti(it! of Copper& == t decreases


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M AE8-# Pro2ertiesE "agnetic Permeabilit! (s. Composition& ==Adding % atomic B i makes Fe a

better recording mediumH

Adapted from C. . arrett, 9.D. -i), and A. . :etelman, The Principles of

n!ineerin! Materials , Fig. 1=?#a$, p. 7,17?%. Klectronicall! reproducedb! permission of Pearson Kducation, nc.,Npper addle i(er, -e< erse!.

Fig. 2 .2%, Callister 7e.#Fig. 2 .2% is from .N. Lemke, M"S #ulletin ,Jol. OJ, -o. %, p. %1, 177 .$

E "agnetic torage & == ecording medium is magnetiGed b!

recording 'ead.

"agnetic Field

" a g n e t

i G a t

i o n

Fe %B i

Fe


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DE8ER- R8-SE Pro2ertiesE tress alt


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E Using the right 3ateria$ for the ?o4.one that is 3ost econo3ica$ and

H reenestI 6hen $ife "sage is considered

E Understanding the re$ation 4et6een

2ro2erties , str"ct"re , and 2rocessing .E Recogni;ing ne6 design o22ort"nities o 4y 3ateria$s se$ection.

#o"rse oa$ is to 3ake yo" a6are ofthe i32ortance of Materia$ !e$ection4y5

Introduction to Material Science --Ch1

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