Introduction to Hearth Products and the Hearth Products Industry
Introduction to Hearth Products and the Hearth Products Industry
John CrouchDirector of Public Affairs
Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association September 25, 2007
USEPA –Woodstove Changeout Workshop
Philadelphia, PA
“Fuels” in Modern Hearth Products
• Wood – Cordwood, Pellet, Desified wood log-- Manufactured Firelogs
• Gas – Natural Gas, and LP• Electricity• Fuel Oil• Coal• “Naturally Pelleted” i.e. Corn. etc
2 Major “Usage” Distinctions
• Decorative Hearth Products– Open Wood Fireplaces– Gas Logs for installation in a fireplace– Vented Gas Fireplaces– Electric Fireplaces– Manufactured Firelogs
• Heating Hearth Products– Wood Heaters (wood stoves)– Gas Heating Fireplaces– Oil, Corn, Pellet, Coal Heaters– Masonry Heaters– Central Heaters – Outdoor & Indoor
5 Major “Form Functions”
• Free standing Heater• Fireplace Insert• Log Set for Existing Fireplace• Zero-Clearance (inbuilt)• Furnaces – Indoor & Outdoor
Fireplaces-Majority are Factory Built
Woodstove-Freestanding, Insets, Zero Clearance
Wood Pellet & Corn Stoves
Pellet Fuel Factories
Heating Gas Fireplaces
Vent-free Gas Heaters
Electric and Oil
Masonry Heaters
Central Furnaces
Clean Biomass Combustion
• “3Ts” – Time, Turbulence, Temperature• Pellet Stoves,
– Predictable fuel– Electric Fan forces Combustion air into Fire– “Carbureted” Fire
• Woodstoves & Furnaces – More Difficult!– Unpredictable fuel– Natural Draft
Catalytic Woodstoves
• Very Efficient• Need Replacement• Need “warm up”
Concepts for all Non-Catalytic Heaters
Chimneys – The “Hidden” factor
• Chimneys are the engine –– No Draft = No Fire
• Chimneys are sized for different “fires” - Fireplace, EPA stoves, Pellet Stoves, Gas Inserts
• Chimneys should always be inspected during changeout--& often need to be Replaced or Relined
Changeouts
• Change old stoves for Anything cleaner
• EPA stoves are initial focus but gas & pellet key to major reductions
• Core understanding –– Woodburning consumer don’t initially
plan on converting to gas or pellet --but they can be sold on that, in store
Brief History of Woodstove Changeouts
• Concept dates to l989 – Oregon• Over 20 changeout programs since
then –– Single towns– Multi-state areas
• Great Lakes Great Stove Changeout
• For many years-based on Industry discounts only – now often include vouchers,–
How do we know the Strategy Works?
• Crested Butte, Colorado– 95% changeout– 80 % reduction Woodsmoke– 59.5% reduction PM Fine
• Libby, Montana– More complex community
Welcome to Libby-The Last Great Place
Mid - 2004 Situation
• Asbestos, not PM dominates communities attention,
• Community wide X-ray intensive reveals 30% of all residents show presence of asbestos fibers,
• 1200 un-certified old wood stoves still in use, 82% of PM 2.5 mass,
• PM-2.5 Annual SIP due soon
2005 “The collation of the willing”
• Hearth industry commits to changeout 1st
300 low income families --$1 million in donations
• EPA- OAQPS-1st actual cash $100,000• Montana DEQ $50,000/year 2 years for
coordinator• Montana Senator Burns secures $1
Million Grant for Libby• Lincoln County provides lead staffing
Phase I
• Core assumption- Low Income families burn wood to save money-Converting them to LP or Pellets could be economically harmful
• Families recruited through-– Clients of Asbestos Clinic– LIEAP – 1.25 guidelines– Head Start– WIC & AFCD
Outreach Action Plan
• Educate public on benefits of replacing old stove
• Program eligibility & Specifics• Clarify Phase I & II programs• Clarify Landlord contributions• Tips on “How to Burn”• Kicked of with press event &
“Stove Fair”
Initial Program Plan
• County establishes local coordinator & executes MOU with HPBA
• Phase I - 300 low income families to receive new EPA wood stoves & chimneys – NFI certified installers,
• Phase II – 800 residents will receive vouchers for any EPA wood, pellet, gas, electric heater.
• All old stoves collected & destroyed
Phase I
• Core assumption- Low Income families burn wood to save money-Converting them to LP or Pellets could be economically harmful
• Families recruited through-– Clients of Asbestos Clinic– LIEAP – 1.25 guidelines– Head Start– WIC & AFCD
Phase II
• Began with 2nd “Stove Fair”• Only qualifier was geographic• Vouchers for:
– $700 any wood, gas, pellet, oil, electric– $250 for professional installation– $1400 to replace wood furnace
• Voucher paid only after county received old stove
Phase II Replacement Types 10/25/2006
• Gas Stove/Heater/Furnace 29• Woodstove 290• Wood Insert 32• Wood Furnace 5• Pellet Stove 53• Pellet Insert 9• Pellet Furnace 20• Oil Stove/Furnace 13• Electric 3• Surrendered/Eliminated 2• Total 455
22 months = 1135 units replaced
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Collateral Benefits – Video & Fire Safety
Lessons Learned
• Local leaders – Local staffing• Low income HH’s challenging• Senior Citizens very tough audience• Landlords/renters where challenge• Sizing Stoves for climate was critical• ‘Carrots’ are good, but ‘sticks’ help
also – Libby’s ordinance was crucial
Montana DEQ
Libby IAQ
• University of Montana – Center for Environmental Health Sciences funding from HEI
• Dr. Tony Ward• Monitoring in Schools• In-home, post & pre changeout
– 21 Households -16 completed data– 70% reduction in PM 2.5 with
replacement woodstove
Follow-up IAQ studies- Dr. Ward
• Nez Perce tribe – Funding from OAR– 16 Households
• Wood heating• Non-smoking• Asthmatic children
– 3 days monitoring before & after • “In Negotiation” 60 Households
– National Institute of Health– Double blinded – filters or woodstoves
How Many old Woodstoves are Left?
9 – 14 Million
Old Woodstoves,
Fireplace Inserts
www.woodstovechangeout.org
Other Ideas-Programs
• USDA Rural Home program• RESA - Authorization in 2005
Energy Bill for Pellet stove rebates• Woodstove replacement tax credit
– Similar to Idaho program– Based on surrender of old woodstove
• Exploring State RPS options• Other suggestions?